SPED Ch. 4,5,6
To find out how many of Roger's students fall asleep during his lectures, you might have an observer count the number of students who fall asleep. To measure reliability, you would assign at least ____ people to do the counting.
2
The teacher decided to count the number of times that Mary actually spoke to another child during the recess period. He found that Mary spoke 20 times during one period. Another observer, however, counted only 15 times. Compute their reliability: [____________] percent. Is it acceptable: [____].
75%; no
Mary's teacher and another observer made the following 10 observations of Mary's nearness to other children (where N stands for near and F stands for far): Teacher: F N F F F F F N F N Another: F N F F F F F N N F What is their reliability: [_______] percent; Is it acceptable: [_____].
80%; no
A good experimental design is one that can rule out ________________ explanations of any observed change in behavior.
alternative
Data recorded prior to an attempt to change the rate of that behavior are called a(n) ____________.
baseline
The cooks in Dave's living group usually served dinner late! Call this condition #1. Suppose they then used some incentives for the cook to serve it on time. Call this condition #2. What is the general name for condition #1: _______________.
baseline
Vera was not getting anywhere with James; he had not even kissed her yet. She decided to try an experiment and wear some musk-oil perfume to turn James on. The condition before Vera started to use the musk oil is called a(n) ______________.
baseline
Two instructors separately grade a multiple-choice and an essay test. Their greater reliability with the multiple-choice test is probably a result of using the same _______________________________ of a correct response for that test.
behavioral definition
During the first ten weeks of their relationship, Vera didn't get anywhere with James; he hadn't even kissed her yet. She decided to try an experiment by wearing musk oil perfume. James kisses Vera on every date. What type of experimental design is she using: ________________.
comparison
If a behavior is observed before treatment and during treatment to see whether the treatment has any effect, we say that a(n)______________________ design is used.
comparison
Name a single subject experimental design that does not rule out all alternative explanations of any observed change in behavior: ______________________.
comparison
Suppose that a new instructor gave only one exam during her first half semester of teaching. If during the second half of the semester she gave daily quizzes to see what effect it would have on class discussion, she would be using what kind of experimental design: ______________________.
comparison
A group of students, during the early 1960s, tried using "sit-ins" to desegregate a Northern suburb. Before starting their protests, however, ten black student "testers" went into three restaurants every day for a week to test whether they would be served. None were served. The protesters began a sit-in at Restaurant A. After another week they started at Restaurant B. After one more week they started at Restaurant C. The testers discovered that all three restaurants changed their policies soon after the protests began. The protesters used a(n) ______________________ design to find out if their protests worked.
multiple baseline
If a teacher makes class attendance optional for one student and then a week later makes it optional for a second student (to see whether this effects their attendance), the teacher would be using a(n) ______________________ design.
multiple baseline
Jane's teacher observed Jane's rate of studying and her rate of puzzle making. She then talked to Jane, encouraging her to study more. A week later she talked to Jane and encouraged her to do more work on her puzzles. What kind of experimental design is this: ____________________ design (Hint: Notice that there are two behaviors).
multiple baseline
The pledges at Freddie's fraternity were always late for dinner and house meetings. Peter, the house president, decided to make a new rule that any pledge late for dinner had to clean the bathroom with his toothbrush. This worked so well that a week later this same rule was applied for any pledge who was late for house meetings. What experimental design was Peter using to find out if the rule was effective: ______________________ design.
multiple baseline
Reliabilities 80% and over are acceptable if the behavioral definition is _______________.
new
A measure of the amount of agreement between two observers is called _______________.
reliability
An experimental design that studies a behavior before the treatment, during the treatment, and after the treatment is called a(n) ______________________ design.
reversal
Suppose that a teacher observes the spelling quiz scores for a month. If the teacher then lets only students getting a 90 percent score on the quiz go out to recess five minutes early for a month and then returns to the original procedure for a third month, he or she is using what kind of experimental design: ______________________ design.
reversal
The recreation center was recruiting members. After trying without much success for several months, they agreed to give a prize to each current member who recruited a new member. After doing that for several months, they then stopped giving out prizes to see what would happen to the recruitment rate. After a while they started giving out prizes again. This is an example of a(n) ____________________ design.
reversal
Name an experimental design that rules out alternative explanations of any observed change in behavior: ____________________ design.
reversal and multiple baseline
The fourth tactic in using the Behavioral Strategy is to design a(n) ___________________ experiment.
single subject
Don developed a behavioral definition of self-confidence. Suppose that Don then asked ten students to rate the self-confidence of Maria in an interview situation before and after she was trained to act in a self-confident manner. If their ratings indicated that she was more self-confident after training then before, this would provide evidence that Don's behavioral definition of self-confidence had ______________________.
social validity
Frank observed Marge's "liberation" using the behavioral definition: .Marge being the first to speak when introduced to a man.. Frank asked ten strangers to rate her "liberation" at several parties. Frank found that the ratings and his direct observations correlated pretty well. By examining this correlation Frank was determining the ____________________ of his behavioral definition.
social validity
Professor Baron was having trouble with a student by the name of Albert who was being "rude". Professor Baron's meaning of rude was that Albert had several times argued over the grading of an essay exam. If Albert asked five other professors to rate Albert's behavior when he was not arguing and when he was, Professor Baron could see whether the ratings and his observations of arguing correlated. He would be determining the ________________________ of his behavioral definition of "rudeness."
social validity
Any method that attempts to change the rate of a behavior is called a(n) _______________.
treatment
Before he tried to change it, Jeff observed that his friend talked to the pretty blond 77% of the time. You call this the baseline condition. Jeff then asked his friend to change his behavior. He again observed his friend's rate of talking to the blond. You call this the ____________________ condition.
treatment
Carl recorded the number of pages he wrote each day on his novel prior to taking Dr. Bushell's writing class. Call that the baseline condition. He hoped that taking the class would increase the rate of his novel writing. Call the time when he was taking the writing class the __________________ condition.
treatment
June observed Professor Brainbuster on Thursday and Friday to see how many chauvinistic comments he made. She counted 18. Fay observed Professor Brainbuster at the same time on Thursday and Friday also and counted 20 such comments. Can you conclude that their observations are reliable: ______.
yes
