Speech - Chapter 2

What are the three ethical obligations of listeners discussed in your textbook?

-Listen courteously and attentively. -Avoid prejudging the speaker. -Maintain the free and open expression of ideas.

State the five guidelines for ethical speaking discussed in your textbook.

-Make sure your goals are ethically sound. -Be fully prepared for each speech. -Be honest in what you say. -Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language. -Put ethical principles into practice.

Gabrielle, a physiology major, waited until the last minute to begin preparing her persuasive speech. When her friend Ken learned that she was panicking over the assignment, he gave her the outline of a speech he had delivered in class the previous semester. Gabrielle used the speech and presented it as her own. A) Gabrielle is guilty of no ethical offense because Ken willingly gave her his speech. B) Gabrielle is guilty of patchwork plagiarism because she took her speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own. C) Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own. D) Gabrielle is guilty of incremental plagiarism because she took ideas or language from two or three sources and passed them off as her own.

C) Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own.

Which of the following violates the speaker's ethical obligation to be honest in what she or he says? A) juggling statistics B) quoting out of context C) citing unusual cases as typical examples D) all of the above

D) all of the above

____________ is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.

Ethics

True/False: It is only necessary for a speaker to identify his or her source when quoting verbatim rather than when paraphrasing.

False: Feedback: Even when you paraphrase, you still need to give the author credit just as if you were quoting verbatim.

True/False: Protecting a speaker's freedom to express his or her ideas implies agreement with those ideas.

False: Feedback: It is important to protect a person's freedom to express her or his ideas even if you don't agree with those ideas.

True/False: Because listeners recognize that public speakers are promoting their self-interest, it is acceptable for speakers to alter evidence.

False: Feedback: It is never acceptable for speakers to alter evidence.

True/False: The larger the audience becomes, the greater is the ethical responsibility of the speaker to be fully prepared.

False: Feedback: Neither the size nor the composition of an audience changes the speaker's ethical responsibility to be fully prepared.

When preparing his speech, Chad, a physiology major, checked out two books on the principles of neuromuscular therapy and paraphrased their ideas. Because he expressed the information in his own words, Chad decided not to cite his sources. Was he guilty of plagiarism? Explain.

Feedback: Chad was guilty of incremental plagiarism because he failed to give credit for particular parts of his speech that were borrowed from other people.

According to your textbook, what is the ethical reason to avoid racist, sexist, and other kinds of abusive language?

Feedback: Contrary to what some people claim, avoiding racist, sexist, and other kinds of abusive language is not simply a matter of "political correctness." Such language is ethically suspect because it devalues the people in question and stereotypes them in ways that assume the innate superiority of one group over the other.

____________ is the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups.

Name-calling

True/False: Even though there can be gray areas when it comes to assessing a speaker's goals, it is still necessary to ask ethical questions about those goals.

True

define paraphrase

to restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words

In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against

a set of ethical standards or guidelines.

Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ____________ responsibilities.

ethical

define incremental plagiarism

failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

Even if your speech as a whole is ethical, you can still be guilty of ____________ plagiarism if you fail to give credit for quotations, paraphrases, and other specific parts of the speech that are borrowed from other people.

incremental

When a speaker _____________, she restates or summarizes an author's ideas in her own words.

paraphrases

According to your textbook, stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own is called

patchwork plagiarism.

If you present another person's language or ideas as your own, you are guilty of ____________.

plagiarism

define plagiarism

presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own

define ethical decisions

sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines

define global plagiarism

stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own

define patchwork plagiarism

stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own

define ethics

the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

define Bill of Rights

the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitusion

define name-calling

the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups