Speech Chapter 8

What are 4 tips when using testimony in the speeches?

1) Quote or paraphrase accurately. 2) Use Testimony from qualified sources. 3) Use testimony from unbiased sources. 4) Identify the people you quote or paraphrase.

What are the 3 kinds of examples discussed in this chapter? How might you use each kind to support your ideas?

1. Brief examples- it's a passing to illustrate a point 2. Extended examples- pull listeners into the speech 3. Hypothetical examples- describes an imaginary situation

What 4 pieces of information do you need to provide when making oral source citations in a speech?

1. The book, magazine, newspaper, or web document you are citing 2. The author or sponsoring organization of the document 3. The author's qualifications with regard to the topic 4. The date on which the document was published, posted, or updated

What are 5 tips for using examples in your speeches?

1. Use examples to clarify your ideas 2. Use examples to reinforce your ideas 3. Use examples to personalize your ideas 4. Make your examples vivid and richly textured 5. Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples

What are 6 tips for using statistics in your speeches?

1. Use stats to quantify your ideas 2. Use stats sparingly 3. Identify the sources of your stats 4. Explain your stats 5. Round off complicated stats 6. Use visual aids to clarify stats trends

Why do you need supporting materials in your speeches?

It makes ideas specific, personal, and lively

What is testimony? Explain the difference between expert testimony and peer testimony.

Quotation or paraphrase used to support main points; expert testimony is from people who are experts in their field and peer testimony is from ordinary people with only firsthand experience

supporting materials

The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.

Why is it so easy to lie with statistics? What three questions should you ask to judge the reliability of statistics?

They are easily manipulated and distorted Are the statistics representative? are statistical measures used correctly? Are the statistics from a reliable source?

paraphrase

To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words

brief example

a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point

example

a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like

extended example

a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point

hypothetical example

an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation

Statistics

numerical data

testimony

quotations or paraphrases used to support a point

quoting out of context

quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it

peer testimony

testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic

expert testimony

testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields

direct quotation

testimony that is presented word for word

mean

the average value of a group of numbers

Median

the middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest

Mode

the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers