Speech Comm Chp 16-17 Study Guide

value

"To persuade my audience that discrimination on the basis of marital status is unfair" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ___________.

fact

"To persuade my audience that eating yogurt prolongs human life" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ____________.

post hoc

"after this, therefor because of this"

red herring

A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion

policy

A question of ____________ deals with whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

analogical reasoning

A speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second

hasty generalization

A speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence

false cause

A speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second

need, plan, and practicality

Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. What are they?

variety of statistics, examples, and testimonies

what is hard evidence?

quotes

what is soft evidence?

two-sided argument

you present both sides of the problem and acknowledge what others may feel yet say why you think your side is more important

ad hominem

Attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute

either-or

Forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist

straw man

"I believe sport hunting is immoral" "so you want us all to be vegetarians because animals are more important than people?"

bandwagon

"It's a great diet-everyone should go on it" is a classic example of:

fallacy

An error in reasoning

bandwagon

Assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable

too vague

Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a persuasive speech: "Something should be done about the ozone problem." It's too vague It's too emotional It's too political It's too persuasive

monroe's motivated sequence

If you advocate a change in policy, your main points often will fall naturally into what type of order?

need, plan, practicality

Please list the 3 basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy

slippery slope

Taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented

target

The ____________ audience is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade

reasoning

The process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence is:

think

To influence causes someone to

act

To motivate causes someone to

false

True or False: Because persuasion aims to change the beliefs and/or actions of listeners, speaking to persuade is one of the few cases in which a speaker does not need to consider her or his ethical obligations.

False

True or False: A persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative speech

question of policy, fact, and value

What are the three major kinds of persuasive speeches?

initial, derived, terminal

What are the three types of credibility?

problem-cause-solution

What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? I. The problem of eating disorders affects more than 10 million Americans. II. The causes of eating disorders include peer pressure, fad diets, and the media's glamorization of thinness. III. An effective solution to eating disorders must address all three of these causes.

invalid analogy

When two cases are being compared but ARE NOT essentially alike

analogical

When you compare two similar cases and conclude that if something is true for one, it must also be true for the other, you are using what kind of reasoning?

justify your value judgment against a set of standards or criteria.

Whenever you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to: justify your value judgment against a set of standards or criteria. All answers are correct. inspire your audience to follow your call for action. provide evidence to prove the cause of a serious social problem

a lawyer arguing for the acquittal of her client

Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? a professor explaining the elements of an atom an executive assistant clarifying copyright laws a lawyer arguing for the acquittal of her client a family therapist illustrating parenting skills

Monroe's motivated sequence

____________ is a five-step method of speech organization that follows the process of human thinking and leads the listener step by step to a desired action

credibility

____________ is the audience's perception of how qualified a speaker is to speak on a given topic

red herring

an argument that distracts the audience from the issue in question through the introduction of some irrelevancy

comparative advantage

compare all solutions and determine which one is best

The Hitler Card

criticized their opponent's position by associating it in some way with Adolf Hilder, or the Nazis in general

straw man fallacy

distorting or misrepresenting someone's argument in order to make it easier to defeat

pathos

emotional appeal/ stories and examples that tug at the heart or increase awareness

attitudes

groups of beliefs that cause us to respond in some way to a situation

values

how we should behave, deep rooted, hardest to change

logos

logical reasoning/ evidence

one-sided argument

only can give if everyone in the audience already agrees with your side of the topic

monroe's motivated sequence

recyling

influence

refers to the power of a person to affect others- no physical force

ethos

speaker credibility- we must sense that the speaker truly cares and has searched for the best support and organization

beliefs

statements of knowledge, opinion, and faith

motivation

stimulation that causes someone to act or "do something"

persuasion

the process of trying to get others to to change their attitudes or behaviors

current, credible, comprehensive

the three c's

false

true or false: "To persuade my audience to become regular blood donors" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement.

true

true or false: Monroe's motivated sequence is most useful for speeches that seek immediate action.

true

true or false: "To persuade my audience that Congress should revise the laws governing medical malpractice" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.