Speech Exam 1

Which is not an aspect of ethical communication? a. credibility b. integrity c. respect d. fairness

A. credibility

The process of putting our thoughts and feelings into words and nonverbal cues is called _______. a. encoding b. decoding c. feedback d. semantics

A. encoding

Which of these is an example of communication apprehension? a. Matthew does not fully receive his teacher's instructions because he is distracted by the students playing frisbee outside his classroom's window. b. Ashley gets very nervous before her presentation at her job interview. c. Jerome does not remember his conversation with a friend the day before, and he does not respond appropriately when the friend brings up the topic again. d. Toya mistakenly swears in front of her grandmother and then regrets it.

B

How does culture affect interpersonal communication? a. Interpersonal communication is not really affected by culture. b. Culture affects how we perceive symbols. c. Culture affects how competent we are at interpersonal communication. d. Culture affects whether or not we engage in encoding and decoding.

B. Culture affects how we perceive symbols.

Thinking "a person who is very careful about spending money" when someone describes a person as "thrifty" represents a process called _______. a. encoding b. decoding c. feedback d. semantics e. communicating

B. Decoding

At dinner you get your father's advice on whether you should take an economic or political science class to meet a requirement. The next day when you see your father, you say "I decided on economics." Your dad says, "Good choice son. I can tell you've thought about what we discussed." His response indicates that he is considering _______. a. cultural context b. historical context c. psychological context d. social context e. none of the above

B. Historical Context

Sarah and Stephen are meeting to talk about their class project, but Stephen is distracted because he is worried about an exam in another class. He asks Sarah to repeat herself several times. This conversation is most strongly influenced by _______. a. physical context b. physical noise c. internal noise d. semantic noise

C. internal noise

What three things can help improve your communication competence? a. motivation, desire, and expertise b. skills, context, and semantics c. encoding, decoding, and feedback d. motivation, knowledge, and skills

D. Motivation. knowledge, and skills

You approach your friend Tom to ask him about how he feels about his classes this fall. Tom is busy watching a squirrel outside the window and doesn't hear anything you've just said. The communication is being affected by _______. a. historical context b. semantic noise c. psychological noise d. physical noise

D. Physical Noise

A dialect is a localized and inferior version of a more general language. a. True b. False

False

Denotative meanings reflect our emotions and experiences, whereas connotative meanings depict the dictionary definition. a. True b. False

False

Relationships never benefit from dark side responses. a. True b. False

False

Social norms should not affect the meanings of words. a. True b. False

False

The terms prejudice and discrimination both involve action and can be used interchangeably. a. True b. False

False

Using multiple channels to transmit messages leads to confusion and less accurate interpretation of your message. a. True b. False

False

We are more apt to self-monitor when we are familiar with the situation. a. True b. False

False

When using conscious processing we utilized short-cut rules of thumb. a. True b. False

False

A moral dilemma is when we are faced with violating the truthfulness and honesty principle of communication ethics. a. True b. False

True

Concrete words are sense-related. We use concrete words to describe what we can see, smell, touch, hear, or taste. (p. 63) a. True b. False

True

Our brains attempt to simplify complex information so that we can process it quicker and easier. a. True b. False

True

Pragmatic meaning comes from understanding a message related to the context. a. True b. False

True

The perception process involves attention and selection, organization of stimuli, and interpretation of stimuli. a. True b. False

True

The process of transforming feelings and concepts into symbols and organizing them into a message is called encoding. a. True b. False

True

We use language to assign, label, define, and limit. a. True b. False

True

What is competent communication in one culture may not be competent in another culture. a. True b. False

True

Which of these situations is an example of nonverbal communication? a. Allyson and Iesha text message each other on their phones. b. Geralyn refuses to speak to Tavonte after their fight. c. Simone and Jewel send messages on an instant messenger program. d. Breanna and Rachel pass notes in class. e. All of the above are examples of nonverbal communication.

a. Allyson and lesha text message each other on their phones

Knowing that some of your friends, family, and co-workers operate on a different sense of time than you shows that you are displaying knowledge of ________. a. chronemics b. haptics c. kinesics d. proxemics

a. chronemics

You completely forgot about a paper you were supposed to write for class. You've never been in that situation before, but you want to explain the situation to your instructor, so you think about what you want to say before going to her office hours. This kind of message is called a _______. a. constructed message b. spontaneous expression c. scripted message d. halo effect

a. constructed message

"I think the Reds are the best team in the NL Central if not the entire MLB," displays what type of language? a. familiar b. specific c. concrete d. descriptive

a. familar

Layla and Luke are twins in the U.S. Even though they grew up in the same family at the same time, Layla grows up thinking that being successful depends a lot on being pretty and nice, while Luke believes being successful means making a lot of money and being independent. These differences are likely the result of _______. a. gendered cultural expectations b. Layla's low self-esteem c. Luke's effective message filtering d. different self-talk

a. gendered cultural expectations

Mary, who always gets good grades on her speeches, writes a paper for the same class. Even though her paper is mediocre, her teacher gives her an A. This grade may be best explained by the concept of _______. a. halo effect b. selective perception c. stereotyping d. self-fulfilling prophecy e. assumed similarity

a. halo effect

When a group of friends have an "inside joke" that uses language others of their own language or speech community would not understand, they are using a(n) ______. a. idiolect b. lexicon c. dialect d. abstract language

a. idiolect

When a gesture is used to substitute for a word, it is called an _______. a. illustrator b. emblem c. adaptor d. intermediary

a. illustrator

When you are really interested in another person or in his or her ideas, your eye contact with that person is likely to ______. a. increase b. decrease c. remain the same d. be unpredictable

a. increase

People from collectivist cultures tend to have higher self-esteem when they view themselves as being _______. a. interdependent b. unique c. independent d. self-sufficiency

a. interdependent

According to your text, what three things affect what we select to pay attention to? a. needs, interests, and expectations b. interests, expectations, and values c. values, beliefs, and stereotypes d. needs, values, and expectations

a. needs, interests, and expectations

Diana takes a work phone call while she's in the car. She tries to pay attention to the call, but she also has to focus on traffic and driving. What kind of context is affecting Diana's communication? a. physical context b. cultural context c. historical context d. social context

a. physical context

To improve perception, we should _______. a. seek out more information b. realize that we'll be stuck with the same perception for a while c. trust first impressions d. keep your perceptions to yourself

a. seek out more information

According to the text, our "evaluation of competence and worthiness" defines _______. a. self-esteem b. self-concept c. self-attribution d. self-consideration

a. self-esteem

Amy was traumatized as a child when she had a bad experience jumping from a diving board. To this day, she considers herself a poor swimmer. That experience as a child has affected her _______. a. self-perception b. self-monitoring c. self-esteem d role

a. self-perception

Four students on a college campus decide to start a club that focuses on volunteering. They establish the organization, promote it, and plan events together. All of these activities involve communication. What kind of communication best describes what these four students are doing? a. small group communication b. public communication c. interpersonal communication d. formal communication

a. small group communication

Saying "three-bedroom ranch" instead of "house" is a matter of word ______. a. specificity b. emphasis c. concreteness d. vividness

a. specificity

According to the textbook, nonverbal communication is _______. a. the primary way we convey our emotions b. unambiguous c. communicated only through a single channel d. something we can avoid through monitoring behavior

a. the primary way we convey our emotions

Which statement is best identified as an "idiom"? a. "That was a fantastic movie." b. "We should leave now to beat traffic." c. "It was extremely hot yesterday." d. "How are you feeling today?"

b. We should leave now to beat traffic

According to your text, the self-concept can best be defined as _______. a. a pattern of behavior that characterizes a person's place in a context b. a mental image a person has about his or her skills, abilities, and knowledge c. a set of assumptions developed about physical characteristics and popularity d. a combination of your original ideas and theories about life

b. a mental image a person has about his or her skills, abilities, and knowledge

8. Ashley says, "The porch light was shining like the North Star." This is an example of _______. a. connotative language b. a simile c. a metaphor d. parallel language

b. a simile

Chet asked Drew if he could borrow a book. Drew agrees and says that he will bring it to Chet's room by 7 p.m. that night. When Drew has not arrived by 7:30, Chet says, "I knew I couldn't count on him to follow through on a promise—he's so irresponsible." Chet's comment about Drew's behavior is _______. a. prejudice b. an attribution c. a stereotype d. halo effect

b. an attribution

The importance of understanding personal assumptions behind a word is _______. a. literal meaning b. connotative meaning c. denotative meaning d. less important than nonverbal messages

b. connotative meaning

If a friend declares that she will plan your upcoming vacation and you agree that she should take this responsibility, the relationship most likely has an understood degree of _______. a. immediacy b. control c. cultural tension d. conflict

b. control

A mother tells her child to go clean his room. He does this, although he mumbles something under his breath and makes a face to let her know that he's not happy about it. This is an example of _______. a. context b. feedback channel c. decoding d. noise

b. feedback channel

After your first speech, four people tell you that you did a good job, and one tells you that you looked nervous. If you focus on the comment from the person who told you that you looked nervous and ignore the positive comments from others, this is called _______. a. perceptual defense b. filtering messages c. halo effect d. self-fulfilling prophecy

b. filtering messages

Individuals with low self-esteem _______. a. are more attentive to situations than people with high self-esteem b. find it easier to dwell on criticism than accept praise c. cannot gain higher self-esteem, even with practice d. are unlikely to have self-fulfilling prophecies

b. find it easier to dwell on criticism than accept praise

Because Dawson is a muscular, attractive male, Emily perceives him as being popular, an average student, and a superb athlete. This best exemplifies the idea of _______. a. stereotyping b. implicit personality theories c. self-esteem d. attributions

b. implicit personality theories

If we are practicing linguistic sensitivity, we use ______ language. a. specific b. inclusive c. familiar d. kind

b. inclusive

You find your roommate Marcus singing to himself in the kitchen, and you are impressed. "Man, Marcus, you've got a great voice!" Marcus looks embarrassed. "No way, you don't need to try to make me feel better. I know I'm terrible. I've never been able to sing." And no matter how hard you try to convince him otherwise, Marcus continues to feel worse about his singing ability. This gap between different perceptions is known as _______. a. implicit personality adjustment b. incongruence c. scripted differences d. behavioral adjustment

b. incongruence

Which of the following statements are true of a low-context culture? a. People are easier to get along with. b. Information is presented directly. c. People will use gestures and hand movements more than in a high-context culture. d. Information is presented indirectly.

b. information is presented directly

Which indexical aspect of communication determines our level of emotional disclosure? a. control b. intimacy c. symmetrical feedback d. trust

b. intimacy

Imagine that you are saying these messages to yourself: "Oh, I have that interpersonal test in the morning. I really haven't studied, so maybe I'll skip it. But maybe I won't be able to take a make-up test. I'd better go after all and take my chances." This is an example of which self-perceptions? a. filters others' statements b. moderate self-talk c. predicts behavior d. influences tone of voice

b. moderate self-talk

What of the following statements is true about nonverbal messages? a. Nonverbal messages occur less often than verbal messages. b. Nonverbal messages are more emotionally powerful than verbal messages. c. Nonverbal messages are less trustworthy than verbal messages. d. Nonverbal messages are less important than verbal messages.

b. nonverbal messages are more emotionally powerful than verbal messsages

Tonya believes that she is not good at sports, so much so that when she takes part in athletic activities she is timid and performs poorly, and usually finds a way to sideline herself from the game. This is an example of _______. a. stereotype b. self-fulfilling prophecy c. role d. halo effect

b. self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of these statements accurately reflects stereotypes? a. Stereotypes are always negative. b. Stereotypes are generalizations based on ideas about a group, not specific aspects of an individual. c. Stereotypes are negative actions towards others. d. Stereotypes are usually not harmful.

b. stereotypes are generalizations based on ideas about a group, not specific aspects of an individual.

Moussa has preconceived beliefs about people who belong to fraternities and sororities. When he finds out that Mike belongs to a fraternity, he believes he understands Mike because he has a pretty good idea of what frat guys tend to be like. His "understanding" is best explained by _______. a. selective perception b. stereotyping c. self-fulfilling prophecy d. assumed similarity

b. stereotyping

Which of the following is competent advice for being linguistically sensitive? a. Use the most sophisticated language you know in all situations. b. Use jargon sparingly. c. Avoid ever using slang. d. Use male-generic language.

b. use jargon sparingly

According to scholar Brian Spitzberg, motivation is an important aspect of communication competence because _______. a. we must know what is involved in communication b. we will only improve our communication if we want to c. it is always effective and appropriate d. along with incentives, it guarantees success

b. we will only improve our communication if we want to.

_______ is a system of symbols used by people to communicate. a. Speech community b. Utterance c. Language d. Grammar

c. Language

The three stages of the perception process are _______. a. action and selection, expectation of stimuli, and impression b. attention and selection, organization of stimuli, and impression c. attention and selection, organization of stimuli, and interpretation d. action and selection, expectation of stimuli, and interpretation

c. attention and selection, organization of stimuli, and interpretation

Competent communication depends on _______. a. having a friendly personality b. learning how to give strong feedback c. being both effective and appropriate d. avoiding noise

c. being both effective and appropriate

Which of the following statements are true about communication? a. Communication is an innate quality that does not need to be taught. b. It's easy to stop communicating. c. Communication is influenced by ethical implications. d. Communication is only used to exchange information and to meet needs.

c. communication is influenced by ethical implications

Tia says, "Ew! Lizards are so gross and scary." Aimee disagrees, "No way! They're awesome pets and so sweet." Tia and Aimee are disagreeing about the _______ meaning of the word "lizard." a. concrete b. denotative c. connotative d. metaphoric

c. connotative

Communication that is appropriate, but unethical is _______. a. bright side b. hard dark side c. easy dark side d. evil dark side

c. easy dark side

Failure to recognize a misspelling in a word used in a newspaper illustrates perception that is limited because of ______. a. interest b. need c. expectations d. all of the above

c. expectations

Which statement best provides the right amount of information? a. "It's down on the left, you can't miss it." b. "If you're coming from downtown you'll see a billboard that is right next to the store." c. "From here the tire shop is three blocks south, then take a left on 7th." d. "I'm pretty sure it's just up the street a few blocks."

c. from here the tire shop is three blocks south, then take a left on 7th

Jared wants to be a professional singer/songwriter. He performs at open-mike nights, competes in karaoke competitions, and spends the majority of his free time writing and rehearsing. Jared is responding to his ______. a. self-esteem b. self-perception c. ideal self-concept d. self-talk

c. ideal self-concept

If you can't pay attention because a song lyric is stuck in your head, you are experiencing _______. a. physiological noise b. semantic noise c. internal noise d. message filtering

c. internal noise

The fact that many English words were once part of other languages before being absorbed into our lexicon demonstrates what characteristic of language? a. language is abstract b. language changes over time c. language in arbitrary d. all of the above

c. language is arbitrary

When the interviewee began to discuss her experience, the interviewer leaned forward to show interest. This movement is best described as a change in _______. a. gesture b. expression c. posture d. positioning

c. posture

Racism, ethnocentrism, sexism, heterosexism, ageism, and able-ism are examples of ______. a. discrimination b. attributions c. prejudice d. assumed similarity

c. prejudice

The cashier at the store greets you by saying, "How are you doing today?" Even though you're having a bad day, you say, "I'm fine, thank you." Your response is an example of a _______. a. spontaneous expression b. constructed message c. scripted message d. semantic message

c. scripted message

If instead of saying "The car was wrecked" you say, "The left fender was busted by a hit-and-run driver," you are using ______. a. emphasis b. appropriateness c. specificity d. concreteness

c. specificity

Which of these should you not do when you find yourself in a conversation with someone from a different sociolinguistic background? a. practice mindfulness b. respond as best you can based on the cues you are receiving c. talk louder in case they didn't hear you properly d. adapt to the tone of the speaker

c. talk louder in case they didn't hear you properly

A perception check is a skill that is used to _______. a. see whether your hearing is normal b. check to make sure that you really understand who someone is c. test the accuracy of your understanding of a person's behavior d. test the accuracy of your understanding of a person's wording

c. test the accuracy of your understanding of a person's behavior.

April and Josh are considering pursuing a future together and are discussing what their future plans may be. This use of language is best described as _______. a. using language to label, define, and limit b. using language to evaluate c. using language to discuss things outside our immediate experience d. using language to talk about language

c. using language to discuss things outside our immediate experience.

A dialect is ______. a. a set of rules for combining words to form sentences b. a sound used to pronounce words c. a collection of words and expressions d. a unique form of a more general language

d. a unique a form of a more general language

Which pragmatic guideline should we pay most attention to when having a conversation about getting a project completed? a. providing the right amount of information b. relating to the topic c. acknowledging when you are violating a guideline d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of these is an example of a symbol used in communication? a. a word b. a hand gesture c. silence d. all of these are examples of symbols

d. all of these are examples of symbols

How does self-concept affect communication? a. Self-concept affects who we becomes friends with. b. Self-concept affects how we interact with others. c. Self-concept affects how comfortable we are in communication interactions. d. All of the above

d. all the above

The fact that silence is a form of communication demonstrates that _______. a. communication is irreversible b. communication is situated c. communication has purpose d. communication is continuous

d. communication is continues

________ language clarify semantic meaning by appealing to the senses. a. Specific b. Familiar c. Descriptive d. Concrete

d. concrete

When something is a negative action toward a social group, not just a rigid or negative attitude, then it this is _______. a. prejudice b. stereotype c. racism d. discrimination

d. discrimination

Which of these statements is an example of using inclusive language? a. "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." b. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." c. "Do you guys want to go to the store with me?" d. "Each student should sign the honor pledge on his or her exam."

d. each student should sign the honor pledge on his or her exam

As they were walking to the corner store, Samantha and Meagan passed by a large bush. Suddenly, from out of nowhere, a large dog lunged at them. Meagan gasped and dropped her books, but Samantha laughed and said, "Oh, that dumb dog always hides behind that bush." Samantha's reaction was a good example of which step of the perception process? a. patterns b. interpretation c. organization d. expectation

d. organization

_______ includes all voiced parts of communication other than words themselves. a. Nonverbal communication b. Verbal communication c. Chronemics d. Paralanguage

d. paralanguage

The exchange of information function of communication is best illustrated by _______. a. saying "Do you want to study together?" to a new acquaintance b. explaining why you feel as you do about marriage c. giving reasons for buying a product d. providing directions to the doctor's office

d. providing directions to the doctors office

Deon and Janet, who do not know each other, are assigned to work on a project together at work. Deon suggests that the two have a lunch meeting together to get to know one another before beginning the official work. Deon's suggestion is an effort to _______. a. evaluate an implicit personality theory b. use stereotypes c. make attributions d. reduce uncertainty

d. reduce uncertainty

Lila and Sherin are sitting in their dorm room while Sherin flips through her notes. "I'm totally going to fail this math test tomorrow," Sherin says. The next day, Sherin takes her test and learns that she failed it. Her performance on the test is an example of _______. a. incongruence b. filtering messages c. halo effect d. self-fulfilling prophecy

d. self-fulfilling prophecy

Most people only reveal parts of our self-perceptions depending on what we deem appropriate to the situation. This phenomenon is called ________. a. incongruence b. self-talk c. discrimination d. social construction

d. social construction

"A compound sentence has two independent clauses," is an example of ______. a. phonology b. lexicon c. dialect d. syntax

d. syntax

When we encounter people for the first time, we often try to gain more information about them to help make ourselves feel more comfortable. This process is called _______. a. implicit personality theories b. halo effects c. discrimination d. uncertainty reduction

d. uncertainty reduction

The fact that many people will talk openly with perfect strangers while on an airplane or a bus suggests that _______. a. we communicate to maintain our sense of self b. we communicate to exchange information c. we communicate to develop relationships d. we communicate to meet social needs

d. we communicate to meet social needs

When Paul, who is Jewish, finds out that his friend is Muslim, he develops a negative attitude toward his friend. This behavior is best labeled as _______. a. halo effect b. selective perception c. stereotyping d. self-fulfilling prophecy e. prejudice

e. prejudice