speech final exam (chp 12-17,19)

T/F "Conversational quality" in a speech means that the speaker talks the same as she or he would in ordinary conversation.

False

T/F "Silence settled over the audience like a block of granite" is an example of metaphor.

False

T/F "To persuade my audience to contribute to the campus blood drive" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy whose aim is passive agreement.

False

T/F A faster rate of speech is usually called for when a speaker is explaining complex information.

False

T/F A persuasive speaker who argues that capital punishment should be outlawed because it violates the constitutional principle banning cruel and unusual punishment is reasoning from specific instances.

False

T/F A public speaker needs to use big words to impress the audience.

False

T/F One way to communicate an appropriate level of professionalism in your online speech is to choose a setting free of traffic noise, interruptions, and clutter.

True

In an informative speech, the speaker acts as a(n)

teacher

Which of the following is mentioned in your textbook as a guideline for effective informative speaking?

Relate the subject directly to the audience. Don't be too technical. Personalize your ideas.

T/F "To inform my audience about the Olympic Games in ancient Greece" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about an event.

True

T/F "To inform my audience about the principles of game theory" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a concept.

True

T/F "To inform my audience how to grow an indoor herb garden" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a process.

True

T/F "To persuade my audience that cloning human beings is morally unjustifiable" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of value.

True

T/F "Your success as a family, our success as a society, depends not on what happens in the White House, but on what happens inside your house" is an example of antithesis.

True

T/F A simile is an explicit comparison that contains the words "like" or "as."

True

T/F Aristotle used the term pathos for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeals.

True

T/F As defined by your textbook, a recorded online speech is delivered, recorded, and then uploaded to the Internet.

True

T/F As your textbook explains, almost every aspect of the speech communication process can be affected by the online environment.

True

T/F As your textbook explains, coming across to your audience as poised and professional is just as important in an online speech as in a speech you present in person.

True

T/F Because it moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion, reasoning from principle is the opposite of reasoning from specific instances.

True

T/F Gauging audience feedback is usually more difficult when presenting an online speech than when speaking to an in-person audience.

True

T/F If presentation technology is allowed to dominate a speech, it can divert attention from the speaker's message.

True

T/F One advantage of using presentation technology is that it enables you to integrate different kinds of visual aids in the same speech.

True

T/F One drawback of using Prezi for presenting visual aids is that its zooming, panning, and transition effects can distract from the content of your speech.

True

T/F One of the major barriers to effective informative speaking is overestimating what the audience knows about the topic.

True

T/F Persuasive speeches on questions of fact are usually organized in topical order.

True

T/F Regardless of whether a persuasive speaker uses emotional appeal, he or she should always build the speech on a firm foundation of facts and logic.

True

T/F Research indicates that once a listener takes action in support of a speaker's position, she or he is more likely to support that speaker's position in the future.

True

T/F Research shows that using personal terms such as "you" and "your" in an informative speech can increase listeners' understanding of the speaker's ideas.

True

T/F Terminal credibility is the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech.

True

T/F The following is an example of reasoning from principle: "Any action that endangers the safety and security of the United States is an act of treason. Edward Snowden's leaks of NSA activities endangered the safety and security of the United States. Therefore, Edward Snowden's leaks were an act of treason."

True

T/F The following statement is an example of reasoning from analogy: "If you can make great tacos, you can make great enchiladas."

True

"My teacher was a gardener nurturing the seeds of knowledge" is an example of

metaphor

Of all the kinds of speechmaking, __________ speaking is the most complex and the most challenging.

persuasive

According to your textbook, the __________ speaker delivers a speech with little or no immediate preparation.

Impromptu

Ivory will be giving a presentation for her company to a group of potential clients visiting from Germany, and she is deciding what to wear. According to your textbook, which of the following statements about the role of personal appearance in speechmaking should she keep in mind when making her decision?

A speaker's personal appearance should be in keeping with the occasion of the speech.

According to your textbook, when you are going to give an audience material to take home from a speech, you should usually distribute the material

After the speech

"The flickering light of the fire revealed the fearful faces of the campers" is an example of

Alliteration

As your textbook explains, when preparing for a question-and-answer session, you should

Anticipate possible questions. Write out your answers in full. Practice the delivery of your answers.

According to your textbook, the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually with a parallel structure is called

Antithesis

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? There's nothing wrong with capital punishment. After all, it's been around for thousands of years.

Appeal to tradition

According to your textbook, saying "dunno" instead of "don't know" is an error in

Articulation

What does your textbook advise regarding the use of gestures in a speech?

Both gestures should be suited to the audience and occasion and gestures should appear natural and spontaneous.

Anton will be giving a real-time online speech to prospective backers of his start-up company. According to your textbook, which of the following should he remember to do?

Both position his webcam so it points directly at him or tilts slightly downward toward him and sit two to four feet from his webcam so the audience will see him from the chest up.

Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a guideline for effective informative speaking?

Both relate the subject directly to the audience and don't overestimate what the audience knows.

According to your textbook, a speech that sounds spontaneous to the audience no matter how many times it has been rehearsed has a strong __________ quality.

Conversational

Which of the following are mentioned by your textbook as guidelines for managing a question-and-answer session?

Direct answers to the entire audience. Be honest and straightforward. Stay on track.

According to your textbook, which of the following would be an effective backup plan for a real-time online speech?

Distribute an outline of your speech via email. Reschedule the speech once the technical problems are resolved. Share a text of your speech through a document collaboration program such as Google Docs.

According to your textbook, which of the following statements about online public speaking is (are) true?

Dressing professionally is as important online as it is when speaking in person. Gestures and facial expressions are magnified when they appear on screen. Online speaking is more challenging and time-consuming than traditional speaking.

All of the following are discussed in your textbook as elements of the visual environment of an online speech except

Editing

"To inform my audience about the removal of the Cherokee from their native lands" is an example of a specific purpose statement for a speech about a(n)

Event

Sofia has prepared her speech in great detail. She is practicing to deliver it from a brief set of notes, and every time she goes through the speech, she uses slightly different wording. What kind of delivery is Sofia planning to use?

Extemporaneous

"To persuade my audience that criminalizing recreational drugs has failed to prevent their abuse" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of

Fact

T/F A single practice session of two or three hours is usually the best way to rehearse your speech.

False

T/F A speaker should avoid using familiar words because they make a speech sound trite.

False

T/F A speech dominated by abstract words will almost always be clearer than one dominated by concrete words.

False

T/F A summary is seldom necessary in the conclusion of an informative speech.

False

T/F According to your textbook, a speech that has been created for an audience who will view it online as it is being delivered is called a digital online speech.

False

T/F According to your textbook, blue text on a green background is usually a good choice of colors for a visual aid.

False

T/F According to your textbook, it is redundant for persuasive speakers to give their evidence and then to state the point the evidence is meant to prove.

False

T/F According to your textbook, it is usually a good idea to use a different font for each PowerPoint slide in your speech.

False

T/F According to your textbook, public speakers should avoid informal words such as "you" and "your" when giving an informative speech.

False

T/F According to your textbook, the most effective way to use PowerPoint is to read to your audience from the slides that are on screen.

False

T/F As your textbook explains, when you give an informative speech, it is usually a good idea to assume that the audience already knows a lot about the topic.

False

T/F Audience analysis and adaptation are less important for online speeches than for speeches presented to in-person audiences.

False

T/F Audiences tend to be more forgiving of poor delivery in online speeches than in speeches they attend in person.

False

T/F Because an online speaker is not physically present with the audience, online speeches should move at a slower pace than speeches presented in person.

False

T/F Because technology has become so advanced, it is seldom necessary to bring a backup of your PowerPoint slides on the day of your speech.

False

T/F Comparative advantages order is used most often in organizing persuasive speeches on questions of value.

False

T/F Concentrating on a target audience means that a persuasive speaker can ignore the rest of her or his listeners.

False

T/F Denotative meaning gives words their emotional power.

False

T/F Evidence from biased or self-interested sources is more persuasive than evidence from impartial sources.

False

T/F Frequent gestures are a sure sign of an effective speaker.

False

T/F If you find a topic that is interesting to you, you can usually be sure that your audience will find it interesting too.

False

T/F In most circumstances, you should keep your visual aids on display throughout your speech.

False

T/F Once you go beyond arguing right or wrong to arguing that something should or should not be done, you are moving from a question of opinion to a question of value.

False

T/F One of the advantages of speaking from a manuscript is that it frees a speaker from the need to establish eye contact with the audience.

False

T/F Research suggests that connectives are less important in speeches to inform than in speeches to persuade.

False

T/F Terminal credibility is the credibility of the speaker at the start of the speech.

False

T/F The best setting for an online speech is usually with a window behind the speaker because it will provide plenty of light.

False

T/F The denotative meaning of a word includes all the feelings, associations, and emotions that the word touches off in different people.

False

T/F Visual aids usually should be used only in informative speeches.

False

T/F When you are giving an audience material to take home from a speech, you should usually distribute the material in the middle of your speech.

False

T/F Your textbook recommends that public speakers avoid using personal examples when giving informative speeches on technical topics.

False

T/F Your textbook recommends wearing a white blouse or shirt when giving an online speech because it will show up well on screen.

False

T/F "Family is a well of compassion we return to for comfort in times of need" is an example of a simile

False

______ are especially valuable for showing an audience statistical trends and patterns.

Graphs

It is the __________ of your voice that reveals whether you are asking a question or making a statement, whether you are being sincere or sarcastic.

Inflection

If you wanted to show the increase in the cost of commercials during the Super Bowl over the past 40 years, the best kind of visual aid would probably be a

Line graph

"My grandmother is the glue that holds our family together" is an example of

Metaphor

What organizational method for persuasive speeches is designed to take the audience through the five steps of attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action?

Monroe's motivated sequence

What does your textbook say about speech dialects?

Most languages have dialects. Dialects are usually based on regional or ethnic speech patterns. No dialect is inherently better or worse than any other dialect.

What does your textbook say you should do when presenting visual aids in a speech?

None of the answers is correct.

According to your textbook, which of the following statements is (are) true?

Online speeches need more rehearsal time than in-person speeches.

Ariana is going to deliver an online informative speech for her public speaking class. According to your textbook, which of the following should she keep in mind?

Online speeches require more rehearsal time than in-person speeches.

T/F When reasoning from specific instances in a persuasive speech, it is usually a good idea for a speaker to supplement the specific instances with testimony or statistics showing that the instances are typical.

True

T/F When using presentation software, you need to limit the amount of information you put on each slide.

True

T/F When you discuss a question of policy, you must deal with three basic issues—need, plan, and practicality.

True

T/F You can articulate a word sharply and still mispronounce it.

True

T/F You can seldom be too cautious in avoiding language that may confuse or offend your audience.

True

T/F You should include in a visual aid only what you need to make your point.

True

T/F Your textbook recommends sitting two to four feet away from the webcam when presenting a real-time online speech.

True

What does your textbook advise regarding the ethical use of emotional appeals in a persuasive speech?

Use emotional appeals to supplement your evidence and reasoning.

According to your textbook, which of the following is an advantage of using visual aids in a speech?

Using visual aids can increase the clarity of a speaker's message. Using visual aids can increase the audience's retention of a speaker's message. Using visual aids can increase the persuasiveness of a speaker's message.

Which of the following statements about real-time online speeches is (are) true?

You should talk directly into the webcam as if you were making eye contact with an audience right in front of you.

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking?

a doctor explaining how antioxidants affect the body

Which of the following would probably be the best kind of visual aid to illustrate the rising cost of a college degree?

a line graph

Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking?

a scientist urging the FDA to ban plastics containing the chemical BPA

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking?

a social worker explaining adoption laws to potential parents

According to your textbook, __________ words refer to ideas or concepts rather than to tangible objects.

abstract

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? The mayor's plan to turn the rundown section of the city into a park will never work. Don't forget that she was involved in a scandal last year.

ad hominem

"Solving the problem of video-game addiction in children involves a combination of supervision, support, and substitution" is an example of

alliteration

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? We've been using pennies for more than two hundred years. We can't get rid of them now!

appeal to tradition

As your textbook explains, when reasoning from principle in a persuasive speech, it is particularly important that you

assess whether you need to support your general principle with evidence.

As your textbook explains, if you are going to use PowerPoint or another presentation program in a speech, you should

both allow extra time to prepare your slides and plan where you can employ slides to greatest advantage.

Good speech delivery

both has a conversational quality and does not call attention to itself

"A dream deferred dries up like a raisin in the sun" is an example of

both simile and alliteration

Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking?

both use language clearly and accurately

If your specific purpose were "To inform my audience how baseballs are made," you would probably organize your speech in __________ order.

chronological or spatial

"To inform my audience about the pillars of faith in Islam" is an example of a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n)

concept

The action step in Monroe's motivated sequence usually comes in the __________ of a persuasive speech on a question of policy.

conclusion

As your textbook explains, __________ meaning gives words their emotional power.

connotative

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? We have only two choices. We can either adopt a year-round school system or raise a nation of second-rate intellects.

either-or

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? We must either support the governor's plan to reduce spending on education or we will never be able to balance the state budget.

either-or

Enzo is giving a speech in his art history course. He has carefully prepared his presentation and plans to deliver it from a brief set of note cards. What kind of delivery is Enzo using?

extemporaneous

The three types of questions that give rise to persuasive speeches are questions of

fact, value, and policy.

Nonverbal communication includes a speaker's

gestures eye contact rate of speech

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? In high school I didn't have to study at all and I earned good grades in all my classes, so I'm sure I don't need to study to do well in my college classes.

invalid anology

As your textbook explains, whenever you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to

justify your value judgment against a set of standards or criteria.

In a speech seeking to persuade her audience to support the city's ban on unlimited drink specials at local bars, Amira used examples and statistics to demonstrate the seriousness of binge drinking as a problem on college campuses. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Amira address in this part of her speech?

need

Jia's persuasive speech contained the following statement: The decline in the U.S. bat population has reached critical proportions. Since 2006, more than six million bats in 33 states have been killed by a fungus called white-nose syndrome. The shrinking number of bats has serious consequences, not only because bats eat insects that are harmful to trees and crops, but also because they eat mosquitoes, such as those that carry West Nile virus. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Jia address in this excerpt?

need

Jolene's persuasive speech contained the following statement: The best way to prevent teens from texting while driving is for every state to require a program similar to one implemented in New York. There, Esurance is offering its customers a free plugin that reports back to parents about instances of unsafe driving. The device can also disable any aspect of cell phone use that the parent chooses, such as texting, while still allowing other features such as navigation apps and calls from the parent. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Jolene address in this excerpt?

plan

Camille prepared excellent PowerPoint slides for her speech about education reform, but the speech didn't go as well as she had hoped. She had trouble finding the Enter key on her computer to advance her slides, and sometimes she skipped a slide because she held the key down too long. According to your textbook, Camille could have presented her slides more effectively if she had

practiced using the keyboard until she could advance the slides easily.

As explained in your textbook, a __________ is a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.

process

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Why should we be concerned about Siberian tigers becoming extinct when there are more and more homeless people who need our support?

red herring

As your textbook explains, persuasive speeches on questions of value are most often organized in __________ order.

topical

Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a way to use language clearly?

use familiar words choose concrete words eliminate clutter

As defined in your textbook, the _________ consists of the onscreen elements seen by the audience during an online speech.

visual environment

Which step of Monroe's motivated sequence deals with the issue of practicality in a persuasive speech on a question of policy?

visualization

According to your textbook, the best rate of speech depends on the

vocal attributes of the speaker mood the speaker is trying to create composition of the audience