Speech Final Study Guide

Public speakers need to use language appropriately. The 1st is appropriate to the occasion. What are the other 3 appropriate considerations?

1. APPROPRIATENESS TO THE AUDIENCE 2. APPROPRIATENESS TO THE TOPIC 3. APPROPRIATENESS TO THE SPEAKER

Answering questions is often a very important part of public speaking. What are the 5 things you need to do to manage the question/ answer time effectively?

1. Approach Questions with a Positive Attitude 2. Listen carefully 3. Direct Answers to the Entire Audience 4. Be Honest and Straightforward Stay on Track

What are the 5 steps of the Monroe motivated sequence?

1. Attention 2. Need 3. Satisfaction 4. Visualization 5. Action

Small groups have 5 main responsibilities. Wonder if you do this in yours? The last is 'Members should work to keep the group's discussion on track.' What are the other 4?

1. Commit yourself to the goals of your group 2. Fulfill individual assignments 3. Avoid interpersonal conflicts 4. Encourage full participation

Credibility is affected by 2 factors. Name & define them.

1. Competence—how an audience regards a speaker's intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject. 2. Character—how an audience regards a speaker's sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.

What are the 6 guidelines for effective informative speaking?

1. DON'T OVERESTIMATE WHAT THE AUDIENCE KNOWS 2. RELATE THE SUBJECT DIRECTLY TO THE AUDIENCE 3. DON'T BE TOO TECHNICAL 4. AVOID ABSTRACTIONS 5. PERSONALIZE YOUR IDEAS 6. BE CREATIVE

The text lists 10 fallacies which are common in the reason of many student speeches. The 1st is hasty generalization. Name the other 9.

1. False Cause 2. Invalid Analogy 3. Bandwagon 4. Red Herring 5. Ad Hominem 6. Either-Or 7. Slippery Slope 8. Appeal to Tradition 9. Appeal to Novelty

What are the 4 guidelines for effective speaking outlines?

1. Follow visual framework used in the preparation outline 2. Make sure the outline is legible 3. Keep the outline as brief as possible 4. Give yourself cues for delivering the speech

Answering questions is often a very important part of public speaking. What are 2 steps for preparing for a successful question/answer session?

1. Formulate Answers to Possible Questions 2. Practice the Delivery of Your Answers

We have had opportunity to utilize small groups in your classroom experience. The text states that 4 main types of leader exist. What are they, and define them?

1. Implied leader- A group member to whom other members defer because of her or his rank, expertise, or other quality. 2. Emergent leader- A group member who emerges as a leader during the group's deliberations. 3. Designated leader- A person who is elected or appointed as leader when the group is formed. 4. No specific leader- members of effective groups tend to have equal influence

What are the 6 ethical guidelines for persuasive speakers? This is really important to understand. We have discussed ethics in many situations in the classroom discussions.

1. MAKE SURE YOUR GOALS ARE ETHICALLY SOUND 2. BE FULLY PREPARED FOR EACH SPEECH 3. BE HONEST IN WHAT YOU SAY 4. AVOID NAME-CALLING AND OTHER FORMS OF ABUSIVE LANGUAGE 5. PUT ETHICAL PRINCIPLES INTO PRACTICE 6. Avoid plagiarism

There are 6 guidelines listed in the text for speeches of introduction. The 1st is that it should be brief & the last is that it should create a sense of anticipation & drama. What are the other 4?

1. Make Sure Your Remarks Are Completely Accurate 2. Adapt Your Remarks to the Occasion 3. Adapt Your Remarks to the Main Speaker 4. Adapt Your Remarks to the Audience

What are the 3 reasons the text states outlines are essential to effective speeches?

1. Make sure that related ideas are together 2. Your thoughts flow from one to another 3. Structure of speech is coherent

What are the 4 aspects of physical action especially important for public speakers?

1. Personal appearance 2. Movement 3. Gestures 4. Eye contact

Speakers can improve their speech delivery by following a 5 step method. The 1st step is going over the preparation outline aloud. What are the other 4 steps?

1. Prepare your speaking outline 2. Practice the speech aloud several times using only the speaking outline 3. Now begin to polish and refine your delivery. Practice the speech in front of a mirror to check for eye contact and distracting mannerisms. Practice in front of people 4. Finally, give your speech a dress rehearsal under conditions as close as possible to those you will face in classroom

There are 4 patterns of organization considered effective for persuasive speeches. The 4th is the Monroe motivated sequence. What are the other 3?

1. Problem-Solution Order 2. Problem-Cause-Solution Order 3. Comparative Advantages Order

What are the 4 types of informative speeches? The 1st type is objects.

1. Processes 2. Events 3. Concepts

Visual aids offer a speaker several advantages. The text lists 4. One is that it helps fight stage fright. What are the other 3?

1. They heighten audience interest 2. shift attention away from the speaker 3. give the speaker greater confidence in the presentation as a whole

Emotional appeals or motivational appeals are intended to elicit various emotional reactions from audiences (happy, angry, fearful, hopeful, etc.). What are the 3 ways by which the text states speakers can generate emotional appeal?

1. Use Emotional Language 2. Develop Vivid Examples 3. Speak with Sincerity and Conviction

Speeches of presentation are given when someone receives a gift or an award. What are 4 of the considerations the text suggests.

1. Why the recipient is receiving the award 2. Point out contributions and achievements related to the award 3. Explain award briefly 4. Let audience know who losers are and praise them

There are 4 basic ways to deliver a speech. One is impromptu. What are the other 3? Name them & define them.

1. reading verbatim from a manuscript- A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience. 2. reciting a memorized text- recite a memorized manuscript word for word 3. speaking extemporaneously- A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.

In chapter 17 the text states that scholars believe listeners are persuaded by speakers for one or more of 4 reasons. High credibility is the 1st. What are the other 3?

1. won over by the speaker's evidence. 2. convinced by the speaker's reasoning. 3. their emotions are touched by the speaker's ideas or language.

Commemorative speeches are addresses of praise or celebration using creative & subtle use of language in a skilled speaker's toolbox. They pay tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution or an idea. It should heighten the admiration of the subject of the speech. Both informative & commemorative speeches convey information. What is the primary difference between the two? How do you think that is achieved?

Commemorative should inspire your audience- you should penetrate to the essence of your subject and generate in your audience a deep sense of respect. When speaking to commemorate, you want to express feelings, to stir sentiments—joy and hope when a new building is dedicated, anticipation and good wishes at a commencement celebration, lament and consolation at a funeral, admiration and respect at a testimonial dinner. When speaking to commemorate, your success will depend on your ability to put into language the thoughts and emotions appropriate to the occasion. Your challenge will be to use language imaginatively to invest the occasion with dignity, meaning, and honest emotion. Commemorative speeches are speeches of praise or celebration. Your aim in such a speech is to pay tribute to a person, a group of people, institution, or idea. It should inspire the audience and its success will largely depend on well you put into language the thoughts and feelings appropriate to the occasion.

The text suggests 2 groups of people to acknowledge when making a speech. Name them.

Winners Losers

When the text states that the job of the persuasive speaker is that of an advocate, what does it mean?

Your job is to get listeners to agree with you and, perhaps, to act on that belief.

There are 4 basic stylistic devices for enhancing the rhythm of a speech. Define each of them

a) Parallelism- The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. b) Repetition- Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. c) Alliteration- Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words. d) Antithesis- The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure.