Speech Midterm

After looking at the web site, Jarret decided not to use it as a source because the site was unsigned and there was no sponsoring organization listed. Which criteria for evaluating an Internet resource does this represent?

Accountability

An analogy can best be described as a(n) _____.

Comparison

The _____ of a speech is used to summarize the key ideas.

Conclusion

By relating abstract statistics to something tangible, a speaker can communicate ideas more clearly. When a speaker does this, he or she makes an idea _____.

Concrete

Michelle needs to discuss the theory of relativity in her speech to the science department. When choosing supporting material, she should focus on those things that provide _____ to give her audience specific examples of the theory.

Concreteness

According to the text, which of the following is true regarding being audience-centered?

During the speech, you should make adjustments based on the audience's responses.

As she reached the conclusion of her speech, Marylou said "In summary, the lack of clean water is a detriment to everyone. I urge you to get out and vote tomorrow. Thank you." Which part of her summary is an example of a transition?

In summary

Olivina's speech described the three stages of running a marathon. What type of speech is she presenting?

Informative

What is the primary reason to analyze your audience after you finish delivering your speech?

It can help you prepare for your next speech.

From the studies cited in the text, which of the following accurately describes the fear of public speaking?

It is normal to be nervous.

Knowing your communication apprehension style can help in three ways. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways?

It remedies the apprehension you experience.

Which of the following speakers demonstrates public-speaking apprehension triggered by a state?

Jeremy is comfortable speaking with new people he meets, but he is feeling very anxious about the speech he has to give tomorrow at work.

At what point in the speech delivery should the speaker first make eye contact?

Just before beginning to speak

Which of the following speakers is being influenced by physiological noise?

Karen has a bad cold and the medicine she took to alleviate her symptoms has clouded her memory.

While she is not a veterinarian, Jan has had a dog her entire life and felt she was a good source on grooming tips for pets. According to the text, Jan's information would be an example of _____ if it were used as a source.

Lay testimony

A "_____" is a group of students who listens to each other supportively and empathizes with other students' anxieties.

Learning Community

Dionte's speech is on the three main components of a lawn mower. These three items will become the _____ of his speech.

Main ideas

To show her audience the chart she had created for her presentation, Natalie held up her note card and passed it back and forth slowly in front of herself. What is the biggest principle Natalie violated when creating her presentation aid?

Make it big enough for the audience to see.

While giving a speech about the retention rates at her college, Sarah announced, "On this slide is a line graph showing our school's retention rates." She then moved on to her next slide. What mistake did Sarah make?

She failed to explain her presentation aid.

The central idea should be written as a _____.

Single sentence

Which aspect of public speaking involves the use of encoding?

Speaker

The words you choose and the arrangement of those words make up the _____ of your speech.

Style

Noah told the audience about his encounter with a shark during his speech on ocean water safety. His story is an example of _____.

Supporting material

According to the text, a reasonable number of preliminary sources for a ten minute speech might be _____.

Ten or twelve

Fran is doing research for her speech and has met a professor who opposes her point of view. Rather than ignore his thoughts, Fran takes time to meet with him and understand his beliefs. Fran's willingness to listen demonstrates the idea of _____.

accommodation

Which communication behavior should be displayed by a mindful listener?

acting selfishly by asking "What's in this for me?"

As a speaker, how should you deal with outside distractions affecting your audience?

Work to control the physical speaking situation before and during the presentation.

Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question?

What is your opinion on current proposals to raise the minimum wage?

Which of the following is true regarding citations?

You do not need to cite any information that is considered common knowledge.

Which of the following is true regarding good storytelling?

You should include a conflict and some action.

Which of the following is true of postspeech audience analysis?

Your listeners' actions are the best indicators of your speaking success.

Jason spoke at the senior citizens' meeting last week. His topic focused on the three best ways to get into college. When his audience seemed to grow listless during the speech, Jason became very nervous and his voice began to shake. What did Jason fail to do to minimize his speech anxiety?

consider the audience

Oscar's central idea for his speech is, "In my opinion, all schoolchildren in low income areas should have access to free meals at school." Oscar's professor advised that he revise his central idea because it _____.

contains qualified language

Dallas wrote "take a pause" and "walk to the right" on his speaking notes to remind him to do these things during his speech. These directions on the speaking notes are called _____.

delivery cues

Geoff could tell just by looking that the majority of his audience consisted of women under the age of 40. He used _____ audience analysis to determine this.

demographic

A speaker would use the visual mapping technique when they are _____.

developing the outline

When using another person as a presentation aid, make sure you plan ahead, only have the person on stage when they are needed, and _____.

do not allow them to run away with the show

Barriers to effective listening commonly occur during which stage(s) of the listening process?

during every stage

At what point in the process of public speaking does the speaker feel the least anxiety?

during speech preparation

When a speaker delivers a speech with competence and confidence because he or she has the resources and information to make a good presentation, that speaker is experiencing

empowerment

According to the text, what are the two long-term advantages related to studying public speaking?

empowerment and employment

Laurence is trying to determine the main ideas for his presentation on the rapid aging of America. After conducting some research, he identifies three primary causes for this demographic shift. Laurence is generating main ideas by _____.

establishing reasons

Karl knew he could convince the audience to believe his side of an issue if he withheld certain facts and exaggerated others, but he refused to do that because he knew it would be wrong. Karl is basing his decision on _____.

ethics

If you have a(n) ________ style of communication anxiety, you have a generally positive approach to communicating in public.

average

Which of the following should a listener avoid doing when providing feedback?

be general

Telling a story, using a personal example, and picking up the delivery pace are all good strategies when the audience seems _____.

bored

In order to come up with a topic for her speech, Stephanie took out a sheet of paper and wrote down everything she could think of over a three-minute period. What technique did Stephanie use?

brainstorming

Numerical signposts, internal summaries, and appropriately used handouts help the speaker to _____.

build in redundancy

Connor's presentation details the battles of the Civil War from the earliest to the latest. Which type of organizational pattern best suits his approach to the topic?

chronological

When a speaker's message demonstrates _____, the ideas are expressed so that the listener understands the intended message accurately.

clarity

A survey question that can be answered with a yes or no is called a(n) _____ question.

closed-ended

Jameela plans to give a talk on bike safety to a group of cyclists that she bikes with every week. Jameela has identified a way in which she and her audience are alike, an example of _____.

common ground

Which organizational pattern can be used when your central idea has natural divisions that are equal in importance?

topical

For Josiah's speech on the history of the Olympic Games, he decided to talk about the political and economic impact of the games. He has organized his speech _____.

topically

The three methods of generating main ideas includes finding logical divisions, establishing reasons, and _____.

tracing specific steps

The most recent communication model developed by theorists is the ________ model.

transactive

A typical map is designed to be read from a distance of no more than _____ feet, making enlargement _____ for use as a presentation aid.

two; necessary

While the real reason for his presentation was to sell time-share space at the condominium, Robert told his audience that they were there to hear about the new golf course opening up across the street. By misleading his audience, Robert can be labeled as a(n) _____ speaker.

unethical

An ethical speaker is one who _____.

uses sound reasoning

"Many factors are responsible for global warming," is a central idea that contains _____ language.

vague

A(n) _____ is an enduring concept of good and bad, right and wrong.

value

When listeners are told to listen with their eyes as well as their ears, this means listeners should _____.

work to accurately interpret the speaker's nonverbal messages

Realizing that the linear model of communication was too simplistic, later communication theorists added which two elements to make the interactive model?

feedback and context

An effective specific purpose should contain one idea, consider the audience, and ____

focus on observable or measurable behavior

The culturally constructed and psychologically based perception of one's self as feminine or masculine is known as _____.

gender

During the meeting, Sven told the other managers that if sales continued on this path, they would probably be out of business in a year. Sven's statement is an example of a(n) _____.

inference

When a professor lectures to a classroom of students on communication theory, it is an example of a speech to _____.

inform

The _____ preview is usually used in conjunction with the central idea within the introduction of the speech.

initial

If a speaker says, "Let's review for just a moment," that speaker is going to include a(n) _____ in the speech.

internal summary

Which of the five classical canons developed by the ancient Romans is characterized by the creative process of developing the ideas for a speech?

invention

Which of the following is the best substitution for passing an object through the audience?

inviting the audience up after the speech to see the object

Your specific purpose should reflect the audience's interests, expectations, and _____.

knowledge level

As a critical listener, one of the essential skills you must apply as an audience member is _____.

learning to separate fact from inference

Which type of graph is best to use if a speaker wants to demonstrate data that covers an extensive period of time?

line

The ________ model of communication is represented by a simple transfer of meaning from a sender to a receiver.

linear

In general, U.S. speakers tend to be more _____ than speakers from Semitic, Asian, Romance, or Russian cultures.

linear and direct

The working memory theory of listening helps explain which type of listening barrier?

listener fatigue

On the first day of class, Manesh was surprised by the instructor's informality and lack of organization. He realizes he must adapt to the instructor's lecture style, but asks for a syllabus at the end of class. In this situation, what listening behavior is Manesh demonstrating?

listening ethically

The blueprint for a speech contains a statement of the central idea plus a preview of the _____.

main ideas

The subdivisions of the topics within a speech are known as the _____.

main points

When speaking to people from a culture different from their own, who is more likely to experience anxiety?

men

Which of the following describes a smooth way to integrate a citation into a speech?

mentioning the resource type and title

Kinesthetic learners learn best when they _____ while learning.

move

________ is anything that interferes with the communication of a message.

noise

Jacey's speech on the Washington Monument was well received by the class. Her speech was about a(n) _____.

object

Martina brought in her collection of Barbie dolls to enhance her presentation on toys that had been popular for more than 50 years. What type of presentation aid is Martina using?

object

Your central idea should contain _____ idea(s) because multiple ideas can _____.

one; lead to confusion and a lack of coherence

Josette realized her topic was new and complex for her audience, so she made sure to spread out the information evenly throughout the speech to avoid overwhelming the audience. Josette succeeded in being sensitive to _____.

pacing her information flow

Lacing a speech with compelling phrases that the speaker finds in a source but does not credit is known as _____.

patchwriting

Janelle is trying to focus on the speaker, but her thoughts keep drifting back to a fight with her mom this morning. What barrier to effective listening is Janelle experiencing?

personal concerns

When a speaker presents a speech to _____, he or she is trying to change the convictions of the audience and might try to urge the audience to action.

persuade

Rather than write his own speech, Ken found a speech on the Internet and presented it word-for-word without crediting his source. Ken is guilty of _____.

plagiarism

According to the text, you should use warm colors to communicate _____.

positive messages

Which of the following suggestions will help a speaker minimize anxiety?

practice the speech aloud

Any object that reinforces the speaker's point visually or orally so the audience can better understand it is called a _____.

presentation aid

In his speech about the benefits of growing one's own produce, Nick was sure to include information about nearby community garden plots. This is an example of _____.

presenting information that relates to the audience

In order to be associated with an insensitive style of communication apprehension, a speaker must have had

previous public speaking experience

According to the principle of _____, a speaker should discuss his or her most important points first.

primacy

When using computer-generated slides, if you do not have a slide to go with a certain portion of your message, you should _____.

project a blank slide

Grady learned that the majority of his audience was apathetic about his topic, so he decided to alter his approach a bit. He used _____ audience analysis to determine this.

psychological

According to the text, when taking notes for your citations, you should include the author, title, publisher, page numbers, and _____.

publication date

The _____ indicates what the audience should be able to do by the end of the speech, whereas the _____ summarizes the speech in one sentence.

purpose statement; central idea

In his public speaking class, Niall learned that when critiquing a speech, he should focus on information that helps the speaker to improve, rather than discuss things the speaker cannot control. In other words, his feedback should be _____.

realistic

Always _____ in order to increase the chances of your audience listening to you and perceiving you as credible.

rehearse your speech several times

Which of the following is an example of a demographic?

religious views of the audience

When using a model or another large, attention-getting presentation aid, it is helpful to _____.

remove the aid from sight when it is not in use

Which strategy will most help active listeners who want to remain alert and feel engaged?

rephrase key ideas or information

The contemporary meaning of _____ is the process of using symbols to create meaning to achieve a goal.

rhetoric

What is the general order of events a speaker should go through when preparing a speech?

select and narrow the topic, determine the purpose, develop the central idea

According to the text, a memorable and effective central idea statement is _____.

short enough to fit on a bumper sticker

Transitions, previews, and summaries are all examples of _____.

signposts

Hypothetical illustrations and analogies are both examples of _____ that can be used as supporting material.

soft evidence

By the end of Sicily's speech, she wanted her audience to be able to describe the three campgrounds available to large groups within the Smoky Mountains. For this speech, Sicily should use the _____ organizational pattern.

spatial

Rob decided to compact his statistics for his presentation, so he started with broad statistics and progressed to precise statistics. What principle is Rob using to incorporate this supporting material for his speech?

specificity

The American Civil Liberties Union was formed in response to the Supreme Court's decision to restrict _____.

speech that presented "a clear and present danger" to the nation

When selecting the right presentation aid, you need to consider the audience, the speech objective, your own skill and experience, and _____.

the room in which you will speak

Trustworthiness is dependent on _____.

the speaker's known consistent adherence to ethical principles

Aisha is opening a flower shop and wants to set up a web site so her customers can find her shop. What type of domain is typically associated with a company that sells products and services like Aisha?

.com

It is estimated that more than _____ percent of all information comes to us through _____.

80; sight

What rule should a speaker follow when using handouts?

Don't distribute handouts during the speech unless your audience must refer to them.

According to the text, which is the most effective way to practice a speech?

Aloud, standing as you will when you actually deliver the speech

Sam quickly realized that his audience was confused about his three main points. What does the text suggest a speaker can do when an audience appears confused?

Ask for feedback from an audience member to clarify the situation.

After assessing the potential usefulness of sources, you should _____.

Begin taking notes

For Toby's PowerPoint presentation, he used consistent, parallel bullet points, a serif font, clip art, and a red and green color scheme. What could Toby do to improve his presentation?

Change the red and green color scheme.

_____ is a speaker's believability.

Credibility

Chad told his audience that the horse he was referring to was a type of race horse. This is an example of a(n) _____.

Definition by classification

The final step in the preparation of a speech is _____.

Delivery

Classical rhetoricians used the word disposition when referring to _____.

Developing an orderly speech

A speaker would use a(n) _____ to make clear how something is done or why it exists in its present form.

Explanation

When used as supporting material in a speech, statistics must be _____.

From reliable sources

In order to access an online database, you would typically have to _____.

Go to a library

Which of the following speakers is attempting to reduce his or her anxiety by using positive self-talk?

Griffin reminds himself that people like to talk to him and he is good at speaking one-on-one.

Mr. Garcia typically starts each class with a quiz over the reading assignment, but today he decided to start with a fun science demonstration. What is Mr. Garcia doing to pique the class' attention?

He is defying their expectations with the unexpected.

Hunter kept emphasizing his key ideas by giving frequent verbal reminders of every point's importance, but was dismayed to see his audience looking more disengaged as his speech went on. What is likely the problem with Hunter's speech delivery?

He is overusing verbal reinforcements.

As she started her speech, Anne asked her audience to imagine they were swimming across the English Channel like Diana Nyad once did. This is an example of a(n) _____ illustration.

Hypothetical

Which of the following indicates a major idea in a speech outline?

I. There are three popular vacation destinations.

While Michael feels comfortable using slang with his coworkers, he would never use it in a presentation to the directors. Which aspect of conversation versus public speaking does this represent?

Public speaking is more formal than conversation.

Which of the following represents one of the three key differences between conversation and public speaking?

Public speaking is more prepared than conversation.

A biographical speech is an example of a speech about _____.

People

Which of the following is true regarding the cultural backgrounds of your audience members?

People in the United States are very diverse in culture, age, ethnicity, and religious tradition.

A _____ bibliography consists of a list of promising potential sources a speaker might use.

Preliminary

Which of the following is an example of a speech about a procedure?

Rocky explained to the class how to prepare a cover letter.

Which of the following contains an example of enumeration?

Second, we will discuss the importance of studying before taking the Graduate Record Examinations.

Within a few years of the First Amendment being enacted, Congress passed the _____ as a way to punish those who spoke out against the government.

Sedition Act

Why should the central focus of public speaking be on the audience rather than topic selection or research?

The audience influences your topic choice and every other step of the speechmaking process.

The text suggests that speakers rename their anxiety in order to tame it. How would a speaker do this?

Tim told himself that his anxious feelings were a sign of excitement and would increase his adrenaline to improve his energy level for the speech.

Maria has always been nervous when called upon to speak; it is a general tendency for her. This exemplifies anxiety triggered by a

Trait

Which of the following is the most ethical way to use evidence and reasoning in a speech?

Use sound reasoning to avoid overgeneralizations.

_____ refers to the use of a diverse set of supporting material rather than one type.

Variety

A _____ search engine indexes Internet-based information in a specific field.

Vertical

What are the two types of channels used in public speaking?

Visual and auditory

The art and science of teaching adults is known as _____.

androgogy

One way to manage speech anxiety is to be a(n) ________-centered speaker.

audience

Throughout every single phase of speech preparation, it is vital that a speaker take into consideration the _____.

audience

Although she knew the majority of her audience had voted against the immigration bill, Heidi decided not to alter her speech about the importance of immigration laws in the U.S. By failing to customize her message based on the information she gathered, Heidi was failing at _____.

audience adaptation

The process of examining information about the listeners who will hear your speech is known as _____.

audience analysis

Carson made sure to listen carefully to the human resource manager's presentation. He wanted to make sure he heard everything about the new 401k plan so that he could research it more carefully at home to see if it was relevant to his needs. In this instance, Carson is using ________ thinking skills

critical

The process of listening to evaluate the quality, appropriateness, value, or importance of the information you hear is known as _____.

critical listening

When you practice ________, you listen to and analyze information you hear to judge its accuracy and relevance.

critical thinking

According to the National Communication Association's Credo for Communication Ethics, ethical communication is fundamental to responsible thinking, relationship development, and _____.

decision making

For his speech on the civil rights movement, Connor delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech by Martin Luther King Jr. By delivering this famous speech, Connor was practicing the art of

declamation

For effective audience-centered adaptation, the speaker needs to consider the audience, the speech goal, the speech content, and _____.

his or her delivery

A _____ is a recap of what has been said and provides additional exposure to the speaker's ideas.

summary

Before rising to speak, one technique a speaker can use to channel nervous energy is to

take deep breaths

Which type of listener prefers that speakers get right to the point and avoid long personal stories or extended examples?

task-oriented listener