Speech Midterm + Study guide

What are the rules for writing your central idea?

- Express as a full sentence - Do not express as a question - Avoid figurative language - Do not be vague or overly general

If you are searching for U.S. census information, what type of web site would you go to during your research? .edu, .gov, .org, or .com?

.gov

When you are searching for U.S. Government information, what type of website would be the best to cite? (Ch. 7)

.gov

What are the rules for writing your central idea?

1. Express as full sentence 2. Do not express as a question 3. Avoid figurative language 4. Do not be vague or overly general

Although all forms of plagiarism are unethical, some types are worse than others. Order the following choices from least to most egregious. Least egregious would be 1 and most egregious would be 3.

1. Incremental 2. patchwork 3. global

The guideline for informative speaking includes:

1. Relate the subject directly to the audience. 2. Don't be too technical. 3. Personalize your ideas.

Even though we speak at a rate of [___] to [____] words/minute, the brain can process [_____] to [______] words/minute. (Use numbers in the blanks.)

120; 150/180; 400; 500/800

If you devote 2 minutes to your first body point, and 2 minutes to your second body point, you should devote ___ minutes to your final body point. (Use number in blank - don't spell out.) (Ch. 9)

2

According to the caption beside the photo of Conan O'Brien, speech anxiety reduces greatly after [__] to [___] seconds. (Use numbers - don't spell the number out.)

30; 60

What percentage of your speech should your conclusion be?

5-10%

Although we believe ourselves to be good listeners, researchers say we only understand [___]% of the things we hear, and remember just [____]% of the original message 24 hours later. (Use numbers in the blanks - don't spell out.)

50; 10

Define crescendo ending.

A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

What is spatial order?

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.

What is the difference between a simile and a metaphor?

A simile compares using like or as. A metaphor compares without using like or as

Which of the speeches below would be a commemorative speech?

A speech honoring the sacrifice of a local veteran who recently passed away.

How is a well-organized speech related to perceived credibility of a speaker?

A well-organized speech will enhance your credibility and make it easier for the audience to understand your message.

Why should a speaker adapt their message to their specific audience?

All people have different frames of reference.

____________ is repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words. Hint: Think "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."

Alliteration

Define hypothetical example

An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation

When JFK says, "Let every nation know that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty" he us using what type of structural device?

Antithesis

What is interference

Anything that impedes the communication of a message, Interference can be external or internal to listeners.

Define different types of listening?

Appreciative Listening- listening for pleasure or enjoyment Empathic Listening- listening to provide emotional support for a speaker Comprehensive Listening- listening to understand the message of a speaker Critical Listening- listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it

Naomi attended the first lecture for her history course and heard her professor speak in a heavy Southern accent. She immediately thought, "I won't learn anything from this teacher because he is obviously uneducated." Naomi failed to uphold which guideline for ethical listening?

Avoid prejudging the speaker.

Babette went to the river instead of staying on campus and completing work on her speech. She realized on Sunday night that her speech was due the following morning. As a result, she asked a friend who had already passed speech class to loan her an old outline, which she used verbatim for her class speech. Which of the following statements best describes Babette's actions?

Babette is guilty of global plagiarism.

Why should a speaker adapt their message to their specific audience?

Because people have a different frames of reference, a public speaker must take great care to adapt the message to the particular audience being addressed. You will loose your audience is your speech does not interest them or they do not want to know about it.

What is ethnocentrism?

Belief or assumption that the particular social or cultural group a person belongs to is superior.

History-based topics following the time order in which something happened are using what type of order? Ex: A speech covering the Battle of the Bulge from beginning to end would use what order?

Chronological order

A speech at a funeral is a ________________.

Eulogy

A speech advocating for the Governor to tear down a monument for a Confederate general is an example of a commemorative speech.

False

Bombarding your audience with numbers is the most effective way to use statistics. (Ch. 8)

False

During the question and answer session of your speech over Black Lives Matter, someone asks you a blatantly racist question. Since they were hostile in their question, you should fight fire with fire and be vicious in your response.

False

For your outline, a bulleted list will suffice. (Ch. 11)

False

If something is legal, then by default it is ethical.

False

In a lot of jobs, listening is not all that important.

False

It if fine to stereotype the audience when you are analyzing their demographics. (Ch. 6)

False

It is acceptable to cite Wikipedia during a speech. (Ch. 7)

False

It is acceptable to poke fun at senior citizens as long as there are no senior citizens in the audience. (Ch. 6)

False

It is fine for your informative speech to have 10+ body points.

False

It would be fine for the exact same speech to be used to introduce J.K. Rowling to an audience of elementary-school children and an audience of educators at the International Reading Association.

False

Memorization is the best way to prepare for any speech.

False

Only countries in the United States and Europe are prone to ethnocentrism.

False

Out of all communicative activities, people spend the most time talking.

False

The #1 goal of a special occasion speech is to share important information with those in attendance.

False

The aim of an ethical speaker is to accomplish his or her goals by any means necessary.

False

Using transitions, internal previews, and internal summaries will confuse your audience. (Ch. 9)

False

You are planning to give your informative speech on the structure of circuit boards. Most likely, since the topic is interesting to you, it is safe to assume your audience will also be interested.

False

Your message is made up of only the words that come out of your mouth.

False

How is hearing different from listening?

Hearing is a physiological process, listening is paying close attention to and making sense of what we hear

Sophia Petrillo began her speech by saying, "Sicily. 1912. Picture it. Two young girls, best friends, who share three things: a pizza recipe, some dough and a dream. Everything is going great until one day a fast talking pepperoni salesman gallops into town. Of course, both girls are impressed. He dates one one night, the other the next night. Pretty soon, he drives a wedge between them. Before you know it, the pizza suffers, the business suffers, the friendship suffers. The girls part company and head for America, never to see one another again." What kind of supporting material did Sophia use in her introduction? (Ch. 8)

Hypothetical example

What are the laws regarding plagiarism?

If you are caught plagiarizing in the classroom can result in a failing grade to expulsion from the school. If you are caught outside the classroom then the punishments are forfeit from your good name, damage your career, being sued, or facing a fine.

Why should you assume listeners know nothing about your topic?

If you assume listeners do not know anything about your topic it will make you cover the basics in your topic and give background information on it. you have no idea how much the audience knows about the topic so assuming they know nothing helps you communicate more clearly.

If you are teaching or lecturing the class about a certain topic, what type of speech are you giving?

Informative

Why is a little bit of nervousness a good thing?

It can help you become focused and energized for your speech

Why should you use your own knowledge and experience while giving a speech?

It gives the speech a personal connection with the audience. It gives you as the speaker a type of credibility.

How is a well-organized speech related to perceived credibility of a speaker?

Listeners demand coherence, and have little patience for an unorganized speech.

What is visualization

Mental imagining in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.

When he was born, a man inherited millions of dollars from his father. He has worked in the family business all his life and is now a multi-billionaire. Would this person be credible to speak on what it is like to go without a paycheck? (Ch. 10)

No

You are giving an informative speech over Harry Potter. You mention, "He Who Must Not Be Named" but fail to explain that person is Voldemort, the villian. What mistake did you make?

Overestimating what the audience knows.

When JFK says, "Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country" he is using what?

Parallelism

Define Plagiarism in general and the three types of plagiarism.

Plagiarism is presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own. Global- stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own. Patchwork- Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own. Incremental- Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people.

Define Strategic organization

Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.

When outlining your speech, ________________ designate main points, while _________________ designate supporting points. (Ch. 11)

Roman numerals; capital letters

To inform my class about the beauty of Niagara Falls is an example of what type of statement?

Specific Purpose

Why do people in the U.S. think it is important to make eye contact when speaking?

The speaker is seen as truthful and established credibility

The very first thing out of a speaker's mouth should be (Ch. 10)

Their Attention Getter

Define Paraphrase

To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words

What is the most used speech organization pattern? (Ch. 9)

Topical

If you are giving a speech covering three Renaissance artists, what type of order are you using?

Topical order

A person can disagree with the ideas expressed within a speech but still support the speaker's right to free speech.

True

Giving speeches become more complicated as the world becomes more diverse.

True

Hate speech is protected under the First Amendment.

True

It is better to peruse a library database for sources rather than simply Googling. (Ch. 7)

True

Smiling at your audience when you begin your speech will help you establish a positive relationship with them.

True

Sources must be verbally cited during your speech - not just by showing your Works Cited at the end. (Ch. 8)

True

The New York Times is a credible source. (Ch. 7)

True

When accepting an award, you should thank those who helped you reach success.

True

When giving your first speech, attempting to cover too much can be just as problematic as not having enough material prepared.

True

What does critical thinking include?

Understanding how ideas are connected. Determining whether a statement is credible. Evaluating the quality and strength of evidence.

Why is a little bit of nervousness good?

We can use it to our advantage and get"psyched up"

What is the most important thing to do when preparing for a interview?

Working out the questions that you will ask

Can you listen too hard?

Yes

Should you ask tough questions when interviewing someone? How should you go about it?

You can ask tough questions just phrase them as neutrally as possible and save them till the end of the interview.

Define monotone.

a constant pitch or tone of voice

What is spatial order?

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern

Which of the following is an example of a speech for a special occasion?

a speech presenting an award to a retiring newspaper editor

Define preview statement.

a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

What is a preview statement?

a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

Reginae is listening to a speech on free college tuition. Reginae should be considering which of the following aspects concerning the evidence used in the speech?

a. Is the evidence from objective sources? c. Is the evidence relevant to the speaker's claims?

Which of the following would be considered an informative speech?

a. a CFO explaining next year's business plan for a chain of grocery stores c. a police chief briefing his officers on a string of murders that have occurred over the past week

Lux was giving her speech when she saw several audience members falling asleep. When moving to her next point, she increased her volume and took a few steps toward the audience. As a result, several of the sleeping audience members woke up and began paying attention. What was Lux doing?

adapting to audience feedback.

What would you not be doing if you are delivering a speech to inform? (Ch. 5)

advocating

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers is an example of what type of figurative language?

alliteration

What is a hypothetical example?

an example that describes an imaginary or fictional situation

What is interference?

anything that impedes the communication of a message. can be internal or external

When you listen to Lil Wayne's new album, you are engaged in _________________ listening.

appreciative

When you mumble, you have poor ________________.

articulation

What is the first thing that should come out of your mouth when presenting a speech?

attention grabber

Conclude with a [_____], not a [_________]. (Ch. 10)

bang; whimper

"Three types of yoga are Hatha, Vinyasa, and Ashtanga" is an example of a (Ch. 5)

central idea

Define crescendo ending

ch. 10 pg 197

In which of the following circumstances might a special occasion speech be given?

christenings weddings funerals graduations award ceremonies inaugurals retirement dinners

For her first speech, Elissa plans to explain her passion for duck hunting beginning with her preteen years and continuing through her days in college. Which pattern of organization will she use in her speech?

chronological

History-based topics following the time order in which something happened are using what type of order? Ex: A speech covering the Battle of the Bulge from beginning to end would use what order?

chronological

If you were giving a speech about the life of Nelson Mandela, you would set your speech up in __________________ order

chronological

The Gettysburg Address is an example of ______________________ speech.

commemorative

Define nonverbal communication.

communication based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words

"To convince classmates to go vegan and volunteer at homeless shelters" is not a good specific purpose statement because it: (Ch. 5)

contains two unrelated ideas

While the senator spoke about the need to start charging tolls on certain large bridges, Josef listened carefully and evaluated the senator's evidence. Josef was engaged in _______________ listening.

critical

As Mercy analyzed the audience while preparing a speech on utilizing wind and solar to power homes, she focused on such things as their gender, age, and cultural background. In doing so, she was engaging in ____________ audience analysis. (Ch. 6)

demographic

In general, someone from South Louisiana will have a different ________________ than someone from South Arkansas.

dialect

When a person believes their own group or culture is better than all other groups or cultures, that is called ______________.

ethnocentrism

When using _______________ delivery, you practice your speech to the point that you know it very well, but do not attempt to wholly memorize the script of your speech.

extemporaneous

What is incremental plagiarism?

failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

A marathon practice session, in which you practice your speech over and over again for 2-3 hours, is all the rehearsal you will need to deliver a successful speech.

false

A public speaker needs to use big words and technical language to impress the audience.

false

A speaker always sounds louder to a listener than to the speaker.

false

All of the world's cultures associate eye contact with truthfulness.

false

Extemporaneous and off the cuff are the same thing.

false

Extended metaphors should never be used in a speech.

false

In "real world" speeches outside of the speech classroom, staying within certain time limits is not that important.

false

It is acceptable to use the pronoun "he" to refer to all human beings in general.

false

Rustyn was an audience member for a speech about universal background checks for gun purchases. While listening, Rustyn remembered his time as an intern with the local sherrif's office and judged the speaker to be well informed on the topic. Rustyn was

filtering the message through his frame of reference

Fleur watched a debate among four candidates for city council. After the debate was over, all she could really remember was how handsome the third candidate was. As a result, she planned to vote for the handsome candidate. Which of the following was most likely to have impeded Fleur's listening?

focusing on personal appearance and delivery

If you make an offensive statement in your introduction, your audience may feel you do not have ____________ toward them. (Ch. 10)

goodwill

Google's scholarly database is called [_______] [___________]. (Ch. 7)

google scholar

The description "lemon yellow sun" is an example of ______________.

imagery

If you are teaching or lecturing the class about a certain topic, what type of speech are you giving?

informative

When an audience member is concerned about their upcoming court appearance for shoplifting, they are experiencing __________________ interference.

internal

Is using negative stereotypes ever okay? (Ex: Poking fun at the elderly as long as no elderly are present.)

it is never okay. we need to use inclusive language

In Armand's anthropology class, the professor announces that next week there will be a guest speaker from the Comanche Tribe who will give a presentation over the issues Native Americans face on the nearby reservation. Armand decides to cut class that day because the topic seems irrelevant to him, as he does not live on a reservation. What aspect of poor listening is Armand exhibiting in this example?

jumping to conclusions

What is your frame of reference comprised of?

knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes

What type of communicative activity do people participate in most?

listening

What is appreciative listening?

listening for pleasure or enjoyment

What is critical listening?

listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it

what is empathic listening?

listening to provide emotional support for a speaker

What is comprehensive listening?

listening to understand the message of a speaker

Pascal gave his informative speech over how to pay very little in income taxes. Rather than focusing on legitimate tax write offs and deductions, Pascal's methods involved citizens not paying their taxes, and then settling for a much lower amount with the IRS. He got an F on the speech because it did not follow the ethical guidelines listed in the book. The guideline Pascal violated was:

make sure your goals are ethically sound

__________ is the mathematical term for average. (Ch. 8)

mean

What is visualization?

metal imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation

"Her face was the sun" is an example of a __________________.

metaphor

Does the audience answer a rhetorical question out loud?

no

What percentage of your speech should your conclusion be?

no more than 5-10%

Does giving lots of speeches help with speech anxiety?

no. It helps you control the nervousness better but does not make you have less anxiety about giving the speech

"Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world." The underlined sections of the above passage are an example of what structural device?

parallelism

When you _______________, you reword or write a summary of the original text.

paraphrase

If someone describes your voice as squeaky, they are referring to your _________.

pitch

What is Plagiarism?

presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own

The following main points are organized in [__________] - [___________] order. I. Scientists say increased global temperatures are leading to more hurricanes, wildfires, and slower-moving disasters like sea level rise. II. In order to solve the problem of global warming, we need to reduce our emissions drastically within the next 10 to 15 years. (Ch. 9)

problem solution

What is strategic organization?

putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience

Which sentence has a more negative connotation? 1. "The teacher described Karen's voice as shrill." 2. "The teacher described Karen's voice as high-pitched."

sentence 2

"My father was like God — busy elsewhere" is an example of a _______________.

simile

Marty was preparing his campaign speech for student body president, which would be given the following day at the football stadium. He checked the weather forecast and saw it would be 35 degrees outside when he would be delivering the speech. Marty decided to keep his speech short - no more than 8-10 minutes. When he decided to do this, Marty was adapting to what part of the speech communication process?

situation

Is it easier to understand complicated information when the speaker speaks quickly or slowly?

slowly

Why should you work out the exact introduction wording you will use in your speech?

so that you can deliver it smoothly from a minimum of notes with strong eye contact

You're going to present a speech describing the different parts of Australia. More than likely you would set the speech up in _______________ order.

spatial

"To inform the class about the Colony of Jamestown" is an example of a (Ch. 5)

specific purpose

To inform the class about the beauty of Niagara Falls is an example of what type of statement?

specific purpose

The BP oil spill released more than 200 million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico is an example of a _____________. (Ch. 8)

statistic

What is global plagiarism?

stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own

What is patchwork plagiarism?

stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own

What is ethnocentrism?

the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

What are ethics?

the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

Define pitch.

the highness or lowness of the speaker's voice

What is your frame of reference comprised of?

the sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes.

Which or more of a giveaway as to how a speaker truly feels? Their body language or their actual words?

their body language

A central idea is the same thing as a [_________] [___________________]. (Ch. 5)

thesis statement

What is the most basic purpose of an informative speech?

to convey knowledge and understandings about a topic

What is the specific purpose of most classroom teachers when they are delivering a lecture or lesson? (Ch. 5)

to inform

What is paraphrasing?

to restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words

A speech about three different dog breeds would be set up in ________________ order.

topical

For her first speech, Esther is organizing her ideas around three Jewish holidays that were passed down by her grandparents, who were Holocaust survivors from Austria. According to your textbook, Esther's speech will most likely be organized in __________ order.

topical

If you are giving a speech covering three Renaissance artists, what type of order are you using?

topical order

"Now that you have heard all about Antoinette's interest in crossfit, let's look at her love for Mardi Gras" is an example of a

transition

__________________ are sentences that serve to tie your ideas together as you move from point to point, and help your audience keep up with your main ideas.

transitions

"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country" is an example of antithesis.

true

A good special occasion speech must include solid reasoning.

true

A major risk of informative speeches is that they tend to be boring.

true

No matter how well intentioned they may be, efforts to protect society by restricting free speech usually end up repressing minority viewpoints and unpopular opinions.

true

The question-and-answer session of a speech often reveals a speaker's true beliefs. (chapter 13 quiz)

true

When considering whether to use language that is potentially confusing or offensive, it is better to err on the side of caution.

true

At what point should a speaker consider and adapt to the audience? (Ch. 6)

while choosing the speech topic

What is the most important thing to do when preparing for an interview?

working out the questions you will ask