Speech Quiz 2

Example

a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like

What are three tips for preparing your main points

-keep main points separate -try to use the same pattern of wording for main points -balance the amount of time devoted to main points

What are four tips for using testimony in your speeches?

-quote or paraphrase accurately -use testimony from qualified sources -use testimony from unbiased sources -identify the people you quote or paraphrase

What are SIX tips for using statistics in your speeches?

-use statistics to quantify your ideas -use statistics sparingly -identify the sources of your statistics -explain your statistics -round off complicated statistics -use visual aids to clarify statistical trends

What THREE questions should you ask to judge the reliability of statistics?

1) Are they Representative? 2) Are the measures used correctly? 3) Are they from a reliable source?

What are SIX tips for your introduction?

1) Keep the introduction relatively brief. 2) Be on the lookout for possible introductory materials as you do your research. 3) Be creative in devising your introduction. 4) Don't worry about the exact wording of your introduction until you have finished preparing the body of the speech. 5) Work out your introduction in detail. 6) When you present the speech, don't start talking so soon.

What four pieces of information do you usually need to provide when making oral source citations in a speech?

1) document 2) date of publication 3) author's credentials 4) Author or sponsoring organization

What are the four kinds of speech connectives?

1) transition 2) internal preview 3) internal summary 4) signpost

What are three kinds of examples for supporting your ideas?

Examples, statistics, and testimony

Why is it important to limit the number of main points in your speeches?

Listeners cannot keep track of a multitude of points

What is the most appropriate pattern of organization for persuasive speeches?

Problem-solution order

What are seven methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of the audience?

Relate the topic to the audience State the importance of your topic Startle the audience Arouse the curiosity of the audience Question the audience Begin with a quotation Tell a story

Why is it important to establish your credibility at the beginning of your speech?

So that your audience perceives you as qualified to speak on the subject

How many main points will your speeches usually contain?

Speeches should not contain no more than 2 - 5 main points.

Why is it so easy to lie with statistics?

Statistics can be manipulated and distorted

Main points

The major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two to five main points.

supporting materials

The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.

What are the major functions of a speech conclusion?

To let the audience know you are ending the speech. To reinforce the audience's understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea.

Why do you need supporting materials in your speeches?

To provide credibility

crescendo ending

a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

Dissolve ending

a conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement

problem-solution order

a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

spatial order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern

chronological order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

Casual order

a method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship

Rhetorical question

a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud

brief example

a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point

internal preview

a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

internal summary

a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points

preview statement

a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

extended example

a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point

Signpost

a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas

Connective

a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between themselves

Transition

a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

hypothetical example

an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation

What are five basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech?

chronological order, spatial order, casual order, problem-solution order, and topical order

What are four objectives of a speech introduction?

get the attention of the audience, reveal the topic, establish credibility and goodwill, preview the body of the speech

What are four tips for your conclusion?

keep an eye out for possible concluding material as you research, conclude with a bang, don't be long-winded, don't leave it to chance

What is the most important thing to remember when organizing supporting materials in the body of your speech?

make sure they are directly relevant to the main points they are supposed to support

Statistics

numerical data

strategic organization

putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience

testimony

quotations or paraphrases used to support a point

quoting out of context

quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it

Why is it important that speeches be organized clearly and coherently

so that listeners can follow the progression of ideas in a speech from beginning to end

What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?

summarize your speech, end with a quote, make a dramatic statement, or refer to the introduction

peer testimony

testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic

expert testimony

testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields

direct quotation

testimony that is presented word for word

Credibility

the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic

Goodwill

the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind

Mean

the average value of a group of numbers

Median

the middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest

Mode

the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers

What are two ways you can signal the end of your speech?

through what you say, such as, in conclusion; manner of delivery, crescendo ending decrescendo

paraphrase

to restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words

Why should you nearly always include a preview statement in the introduction of your speech?

to tell the listeners what they should listen for in the rest of your speech

What are five tips for using examples in your speech?

use to clarify your ideas, reinforce ideas, personalize ideas, make them vivid and richly textured, practice delivery