Spinal Column, Abdominals and Thorax Exam

In which regions of the vertebral column are flexion and extension most free?

Cervical and lumbar

Which of the following accompanies rotation of the vertebral column?

Lateral flexion to same side

Structural scoliosis

Inflexible "C" or "S" curve that persists even with lateral bending of the spine.

Kyphosis

Spinal abnormality demonstrating exaggerated thoracic curvature.

DIsc degeneration

A condition in which the annulus fibrosus deteriorates and it can no longer withstand the stresses produced by compression.

Which of the following is not true of the vertebral column? A. acts as freely moveable link system B. acts as link between upper and lower extremities C. acts to protect internal organs D. acts as motion segment for the trunk

A. acts as freely moveable link system

Which of the following is not a primary muscle of respiration? A. diaphragm B. intercostales C. levatores costorum D. abdominals

Abdominals

Heriated disc

Annulus fibrosus is ruptured and nucleus pulposus may protrude through.

Atlanto-axial

Articulation between cervical vertebrae 1 and 2.

Atlanto-occipital

Articulation between the head and the neck.

How is inhalation primarily accomplished?

Enlargement of the thorax in all three diameters

Which movement of the pelvis accompanies flexion of the vertebral column?

Backward tilt

Herniated disc Ch. 9 Quiz

Caused by compression of two adjacent vertebrae with such magnitude that the annulus fibrosus ruptures and allows protrusion of the nucleus pulposus which may then press on the spinal nerves or spinal cord.

Whiplash

Cervical sprain resulting from a violent motion whereby the neck is violently moved through an S-curve.

Lordosis Ch. 9 Quiz

Exaggerated curve in the lumbar region having a forward convexity.

Kyphosis Ch. 9 Quiz

Exaggerated curve in the thoracic region having a backward convexity.

Scheuermann's Disease

Development of wedge-shaped vertebrae (especially in thoracic region) due to abnormal epiphyseal plate behavior.

Secondary curves are a response to gravity and continue to develop through puberty resulting in curves that are concave anteriorly.

False

Since only a slight amount of gliding motion is permitted between vertebrae, the cumulative effect of motion in all of the involved vertebrae still results in a small, restricted range of motion in the spine.

False

The annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc constitutes a center of motion and permits compression in any direction, as well as torsion.

False

The movements of the spinal column resemble those of a condyloid joint.

False

Nonstructural scoliosis

Flexible "C" or "S" spinal curve that is not seen with lateral bending of the spine.

Scoliosis Ch. 9 Quiz

Lateral deviation of the spine.

Scoliosis

Lateral deviations in spinal curvature which may be coupled with rotational deformity.

In which region of the spine is the least amount of rotation permitted?

Lumbar

Lordosis

Spinal abnormality which may result from weak abdominal muscles resulting in anterior pelvic tilt.

Scoliosis

Spinal abnormality which results in a "C" or "S" curve

Primary curves

Spinal curves found naturally in the thoracic and sacral portions of the spine.

Primary curves

Spinal curves present at birth which are concave anteriorly.

Secondary curves

Spinal curves that develop after the child starts to stand or sit up; concave posteriorly.

Although the articulations of the intervertebral discs are synchondroses and have no synovial cavity, the articulations between the facets of the vertebrae arches are nonaxial, diarthrodial joints having an articular cavity and capsule.

True

Lateral flexion of the spine is always accompanied by a certain amount of torsion with the direction of torsion (rotation) being dependent upon the anteroposterior curves of the spine.

True

The articulations of the vertebral bodies are classified as synchondroses or cartilaginous joints.

True

The cervical and lumbar curves reverse direction of the curvature during infancy and early childhood and are referred to as secondary curves.

True

The resultant movement of each vertebrae is determined largely by the direction in which the articular facets face.

True

The severity of a vertebral fracture is determined by the location of the fracture and the extent to which bone is displaced.

True