SPM 340 Quiz 2/Final Exam
The Rice Commission Recommendations
1.NBA should eliminate its "one & done" rule so that elite players coming out of high school have more options 2.Harsher penalties for rule breakers: up to a 5-year ban on post-season play, and one year suspensions for coaches . 3.The NCAA should create a program tocertify agents, and make them accessible to players from high school through college. 4.The NCAA, with support from the NBA and USA Basketball, should run its own recruiting events for prospects during the summer. 1.Any other "non-scholastic" events should require NCAA certification 5.Greater transparency on shoe/apparel deals. 1.University presidents should be required to "certify annually that they have conducted due diligence and that their athletic programs comply with NCAA rules."
The Rebellion
1981 The College Football Association (CFA) of 63 Div. 1 universities negotiated a separate deal w/NBC for more TV games and more $$$. NCAA threatened to expel them, killing the deal Going to court was only option remaining. Oklahoma and Georgia filed suit claiming that the NCAA violated anti-trust laws, functioned as a monopoly & was guilty of price-fixing.
US Tennis Association 1881
700,000 members. Runs US Open. Affiliated with ITF, the International Tennis Federation
Amateur Sports Act of 1978 Amendment
Amended in 1998 as "Olympic & Amateur Sports Act" to account for professionals competing. Gave USOC even stronger powers to resolve disputes
Impact of Ruling
As a result, conferences and individual institutions could negotiate their own TV rights deals independent of the NCAA: More games on TV, more $$$ for colleges, conferences and the NCAA
Centinnials
Be Transparent Be the Purpose Be the People
NCAA Board of Governors Vote
Board of Governors set guidelinesfor the Working Group to define changes and enforcement: Affirm that college athletes are NOT college or state employees Financial opportunities for athletes must be treated the same as opportunities for non-athletes (absent a "compelling reason to do so.") Ensure that rules are transparent and enforceable Prohibit inducements to attendance beyond covering the cost of attendance Compensation for performance or participation is NOT permissible Final recommendations due next April for a full NCAA vote. All three NCAA divisions would have a plan in place by Jan. 2021.
POWER OF THE COLLEGE SPORTS FAN
College sports fans dominate consumer spending: -41% larger consumers than non-college sports fans -103% larger consumers than non-sports fans
The Ruling & Its Impact
Federal district Judge Juan Burciaga ruled that : "The plaintiffs suffered directly from NCAA football TV controls." The US Supreme court concurred in 1984
The Threat to Amateurism In College Sports
Former UCLA basketball star Ed O'Bannon saw his likeness in an EA Sports game being used without his permission or any compensation. •He was the1995 Final Four MVP for UCLA O'Bannon was joined by dozens of former & active athletes in his suit against the NCAA, Electronic Arts, and Collegiate Licensing (CLC) •September 26, 2013: $40 million settlement w/ EA & CLC •College athletes would be compensated for use of likenesses •NCAA motion to dismiss was rejected in Federal Court Fall 2013
USA Track and Field
Founded in 1979 as The Athletics Congress to take over from the AAU, the Amateur Athletic Union.
Ted Stevens Olympics and Amateur Sports Act of 1998 Provisions
Fully incorporated the Paralympics into the Amateur Sports Act. Improved the notification requirements for when a National Governing Body (NGB) has been put on probation or is being challenged. The legislation increased the reporting requirements of the USOC and the NGBs with respect to sports opportunities for women, minorities, and disabled individuals. The USOC was required to report to Congress in five years with any additional changes that may be needed to the Act. It was named for Senator Ted Stevens of Alaska
NCAA Adopted Rules Changes in August 2018
NCAA will now allow underclassmen to enter the draft, participate in the combine and then return to school if they go undrafted. Pending approval from NBA, NBA Players Association
AAU was founded in 1888 by William "Father Bill" Curtis, 1st president of the NY Athletic Club
NYAC had assumed leadership of amateur sports in 1870's. 1st amateur national Track & Field championships 1876 1st national swimming championship 1877 1stNational boxing & wrestling tournaments 1878
The First NCAA Championship
National Collegiate Track and Field Championships of 1921, in Chicago 10 universities including Notre Dame & Washington University of Illinois won the title Men only competed Collegiate men's basketball championship was taken over by NCAA in 1939
The Origins of the NCAA
President Roosevelt summoned reps from Harvard, Yale and Princeton to the White House in 1905 American Football Rules Committee was formed at a December 1905 meeting of 13 college reps called by NYU Chancellor Henry McCracken Later that month officials from 62 universities met and formed the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the US Renamed National Collegiate Athletic Association in 1910 NCAA made rules & was a discussion group
Amateurs & the Olympic Ideal
Professionals were barred from Olympic competition until the Games of 1988. Olympic charter was amended in 1986 to allow: "All the world's great male and female athletes to participate."
Ted Stevens Olympics and Amateur Sports Act of 1998
Purpose: Amend the Amateur Sports Act to strengthen provisions protecting the right of athletes to compete, recognize the Paralympics and growth of disabled sports, and improve the U.S. Olympic Committee's ability to resolve certain disputes.
California Gov. Newsomsigned the "Fair Pay to Play Act" into law on Oct. 1st. It goes into effect Jan. 1, 2023.
Schools in California are not forced to pay athletes, but the law allows athletes to hire business agents to negotiate deals for profiting on their name/ image/ likeness (NIL). Similar proposals are in the works in 9 states: Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, Pennsylvania & South Carolina Two congressmen are proposing federal legislation to: Allow college athletes to earn endorsement $$ OR, Change the definition of amateur sports organizations in the tax code
The Rice Commission Report
Sept. 2017- Four Div. I college basketball assistant coaches were among 10 arrests made for fraud & corruption. FBI investigation found coaches were taking tens of thousands $$ to steer NBA prospects to agents, financial advisers and apparel companies In response, the NCAA appointed a commission of 12 college administrators, former coaches and players led by former Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice to investigate and make recommendations for changes in college basketball.
US Golf Association 1894
Sets rules, runs championships, established handicapping system, serves as the game's historian
USA Gymnastics, established in 1963
Sets the rules and policies that govern gymnastics in the United States.
1916 The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and the NCAA agreed upon the definition of an amateur
Someone who competes "only for the pleasure, and the physical, mental, moral, and social benefits derived therefrom."
Amateur Sports Act of 1978
The act decreed: only one governing body per sport Forced AAU to relinquish oversight of multiple sports Set standards that governing bodies must meet to: Hold sanctioned national competitions in USA Participate in international competitions and represent the USA. Granted the USOC power of review over the actions of any sport governing body affiliated with Olympics
NCAA vs. Board of Regents
The decision in this court case effectively de-regulated the broadcasting of college football in the US
The Governing Bodies of Sport
Today the US has 39 national sport governing bodies of each sport, recognized by international federations
NCAA Rule Changes 2018
Two independent groups will oversee & resolve complex cases across ALL NCAA sports that involve academic misconduct, major penalties or adversarial behavior. The Complex Case Unit and the Independent College Sports Adjudication Panel,
USOC started as the American Olympic Association 1921
US Olympic Association received a federal charter in 1950 enabling it to solicit tax-deductible $$ as a private, non-profit organization. Name changed to US Olympic Committee in 1961 Amateur Sports Act of 1978 appointed the USOC as coordinating body for all Olympic-related sports in USA
Grand slam tennis tournaments excluded pros until 1968
Wimbledon prize money in 1968: Rod Laver £2000 ($4800) Billie Jean King£ 750($1800
The Amateur Ideal
You compete only for the "love of sport" Sport was recreation for gentlemen and ladies, not a livelihood Professionals were considered mercenaries
1982 NCAA contracts with ABC & CBS
limited the number of national TV appearances any school could make....and limited TV rights income
Brand Attributes - College Sports
•Competition •Passion •Empowerment •Loyalty •Student Athletes •Pride •Tradition •Regional Focus •Diversity •Community
EVOLUTION OF COLLEGIATE LICENSING
•Initially started for intellectual property protection •Promote and market the institution •Generating revenue •Branding, recruiting etc.
TRADEMARK BASICS
•The purpose of trademark law is to... •To avoid unfair competition by providing rights and remedies to the owner of the trademark •Trademark owners should be able to protect their investments •Provide consumer confidence in the products or services that are purchased
Trademarks and Licensing
•Why is it Important? •Build affinity •Increase brand awareness •Generate excitement •Generate revenue
Intellectual properties also extend to
•Word marks •Trade dress •Images and/or associated symbols