Sports Psych ch.14 Self Efficacy

Situational favorableness

seeing breaks going one's way and feeling that everything is going right

Vicarious experience

seeing other athletes perform successfully

social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986)

-Perceptions of your personal control over life events influence your motivation to get involved & persist -One aspect of this control is your degree of confidence in your personal abilities

Verbal Persuasion

-Self-efficacy can be changed moderately by verbal persuasion dependent upon, the expertise, trustworthiness, & attractiveness of the source -Self-talk

ensure performance accomplishments

-Successful behavior increases confidence and leads to further successful behavior -Include good physical, technical, and tactical instructions -Use game-pressure simulations

Benefits of Self-Efficacy

-arouses positive emotions -facilitates concentration -affects the setting and pursuit of challenge goals -increases effort -affects game strategies -affects psychological momentum -affects performance

motivates

-choices of activity -effort expended -amount of persistence in the face of obstacles -coping with anxiety-producing situations

act confidently

-instructors and coaches should display confidence -teach athletes to display confidence

sources of self-efficacy

-mastery -demonstrate ability -physical and mental preparation -physical self-presentation -social support -coaches' leadership -vicarious experience -environmental comfort -situational favorableness

Levels of Self-Efficacy

-optimal self-efficacy -lack of self efficacy -overconfidence

Demonstrate ability

showing ability by winning and outperforming opponents

self efficacy is a ______ ________ self confidence

situation specific

Self-efficacy/confidence and Performance

Relationships proposed in self-efficacy theory grpah graph

Why maximize self-efficacy?

motivates & Predicts

building self efficacy: Prepare

o Develop performance plans and precompetitive routines

imaginal experiences

people can generate beliefs about personal efficacy or inefficacy in future situations

predicts

performance adherence

optimal self-efficacy

involves being so convinced that you will achieve your goals that you strive so hard to do so

Self efficacy theory

- Graph. Memorize.

Why is Self Efficacy important?

- If someone has the skills and motivation, self-efficacy is a major determinant of performance

Coaching Efficacy

- The extent to which coaches believe they have the capacity to affect the learning and performance of athletes

overconfidence (or too much self-efficacy)

- causes you to prepare less than you need to in order to perform

Physical and mental preparation

- staying focused on goals and being prepared to give maximum effort

How can coaches build self confidence?

-Ensure performance accomplishments -act confidently -respond with confidence

guidelines for enhancing self-efficacy

-Establish challenging, realistic goals -Establish progressively more difficult tasks -Use positive reinforcement -Demonstrate skills (correctly!) -Encourage use of imagery -Use realistic verbal persuasion -Encourage positive self-talk

in elite performers, additional sources of self-efficacy include:

-Experience (having been there before) -Innate factors (natural ability, competitiveness) -Competitive advantage (having seem competitors perform poorly or crack under pressure before)

Components of coaching efficacy

-Game strategy -Motivation -Technique -Character building

Performance Accomplishments -Effectiveness depends on:

-How experiences are perceived -Perceived difficulty of the task -Amount of guidance -Temporal patterns of success and failure -Performance -> self-efficacy -> performance

effectiveness on physiological states depends on

-How feelings are perceived -Whether one associates arousal with fear or being ready for performance

Vicarious Experiences

-Observation of the abilities of others, noting the consequences of their behavior, and using this information to make assessments about one's own perception of ability -This is particularly important when the observers have never performed the task

Emotional States

-People are more likely to have increased self-efficacy when their affect is positive rather than negative

Physiological States

Aversive physiological states can reduce self-efficacy, whereas pleasant states can increase it

What is Confidence

Global and stable personality characteristic focused on belief that one is competent and can do what is necessary to achieve expected outcomes -Belief that one can achieve in most areas of a sport -Belief that one can achieve in a number of different sports -Cross-domain transfer also occurs

respond with confidence

athletes should focus on responding with control and confidence, as opposed to reacting with emotion or unproductive behaviors

self efficacy

belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments" -note: --behavior not equal outcome --not concerned with actual skills, but with the person's belief of what he/she can do with these skills

lack of self-efficacy (self-doubt)

creates anxiety, breaks concentration, and causes indecisiveness

mastery

developing and improving skills

Environmental comfort

feeling comfortable in the environment where one will perform

Physical Self-presentation

feeling good about one's body & weight

Social Support

getting encouragement from teammates, coaches, and family

Coaches' leadership

trusting coaches' decisions and believing in their abilities