SSM Ch. 16 Sound Structures

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Homophony

A musical structure in which a single pre-dominant melody is supported by chords. The melody can stand on its own; the chords cannot.

Fugue

A musical theme or subject stated first in each of the voices (usually four) and then restated verbatim or in a slightly changed form a various times in all voices.

Melody

A series of musical notes arranged in succession, forming a tune.

Imitation

A short musical theme or subject stated first in one voice and then repeated verbatim or in a slightly changed form in the other voice(s) while the first voice continues.

Counterpoint

A specific polyphonic technique in which the various voices (horizontal vectors) encounters each other.

Timbre

Describes the tone quality or tone color. Depends on the amount and the combination of overtones.

Harmony

Elements that go together well. In music, a number of chords or vertical sound vectors.

Duration indicates the relative highness and lowness of sound measured against an agreed-upon scale.

False

Harmony is a horizontal combination of simultaneously played notes.

False

Homophony refers to two or more melodic lines that, when played together, form a harmonic whole.

False

Mixing a happy scene with upbeat sounds is an example of thematic matching.

False

Pitch describes the tone quality or tone color.

False

Polyphonic structures have one dominant melody that is backed by chords.

False

Structural matching requires sounds that fit the general mood and the feeling of the event.

False

The basic elements of sound are dynamics, loudness, pitch, and timbre.

False

The four basic picture/sound matching criteria are loudness, attack/decay, pitch, and timbre.

False

The timbre of a tone is its apparent strength as we perceive it.

False

Thematic matching requires sounds that fit the general mood and the feeling of the event.

False

There is no limit to how many dialogue tracks we can discriminate among in multiscreen presentations.

False

Timbre indicates the relative highness and lowness of a sound measured against an agreed-upon scale.

False

Timbre referes to how long you hear a sound lasting.

False

Timbre refers to how long you hear a sound lasting.

False

When using structural matching you parallel pictures and sound according to their internal structure

False

When using structural matching, you parallel pictures and sound according to their external structure.

False

You cannot use a type of phasing for transition from one scene to the next.

False

You cannot use a type of phasing for transitions from one scene to the next.

False

Pitch

Indicates the relative highness or lowness of a sound, measured by frequency (hertz).

Harmonics

Overtones that are simple multiples of the fundamental tone.

Structural Matching

Pictures an sound are matched according to their internal structure and their dominant vector fields.

Historical Matching

Sound and pictures originate in the same historical period.

Geographical Matching

Sound and pictures originate in the same. . .

Which of the audio/video matching criteria relies most heavily on psychological closure?

Structural

Loudness

The apparent strength of a tone as we perceive it (magnitude of a sound vector). Technically, the amplitude of the sound wave.

Polyphony

The combination of two or more melodic lines (horizontal vectors) which, when played together, form a harmonic whole (vertical vectors).

Overtones

The number of frequencies with which a sound-producing source vibrates in addition to its fundamental frequency.

Canon

The purest and most obvious form of musical imitation. Both the theme and the melody are repeated verbatim by the other voices.

Sound Texture

The relative complexity of a harmonic structure (complexity of vertical sound vectors).

Duration

The running time of a scene, sequence, or total film or video production. In music, refers to how long we perceive a sound.

Chord

The simultaneous playing of three or more musical tones. Two tones played simultaneously constitute an interval.

Phasing

The sound portion of an event is either ahead of or trails the corresponding picture portion.

Decay

The speed with which a sound fades to where it can no longer be heard.

Attack

The speed with which a tone reaches a certain (usually maximum) level of loudness. See also decay.

Envelope

The total duration of a tone, form initial attack to final decay.

Dynamics

The variations of perceived loudness of a sound.

Thematic matching

The video event is accompanied by sounds we ordinarily associate with the event, such as the interior or a cathedral and organ music, or a football game crowd sounds.

Tonal Matching

The video event is matched with sounds that express the general tone or mood of the event.

Tone matching

The video event is matching will sounds that express the general tone or mood of the event.

A chord forms a vertical vector

True

A chord forms a vertical vector.

True

A melody is a series of musical tones arranged in succession.

True

A subtext refers to a character's psychological makeup.

True

According to Zettl, matching the sights and the sounds historical periods does not automatically make for effective and smooth picture/sound combinations.

True

According to Zettl, matching the sights and the sounds of historical periods does not automatically make for effective and smooth picture/sound combinations.

True

According to Zettl, vectors convey more readily than any other aesthetic factor the con contextual nature of media aesthetics.

True

According to Zettl, vectors convey more readily than any other aesthetic factor the contextual nature of media aesthetics.

True

According to Zettl, you must combine the video and audio vector fields so that they form a synergistic structure.

True

Attach refers to how fast a sound reaches a certain loudness level.

True

Attack refers to how fast a sound reaches a certain loudness level.

True

Counterpoint emphasizes a vector-against vector structure.

True

Counterpoint is a specific polyphonic technique in which the individual notes and melodic lines are set against each other.

True

Four of the more notable polyphonic audiovisual techniques are phasing, transitions, multiple texts, and multiple screens.

True

If the horizontal vectors have an uphill slant, the tune is rising; if they go downhill, the tune gets lower.

True

In a figure the same theme can appear in different voices.

True

In a fugue the same theme can appear in different voices.

True

In a homophonic structure, the audio track (considering of literal and nonliteral sounds) is in step with the visual event.

True

In a homophonic structure, the audio track (consisting of literal nonliteral sounds) is in step with the visual event.

True

In multiple screen presentations, each screen can pursue a different story that relates to the others thematically or through the interaction of characters.

True

In phasing the sound is asynchronous to the picture.

True

In phasing, the sound is asynchronous to the picture.

True

Overtones are a number of frequencies with which a sound-producing source vibrations in addition to its fundamental frequency.

True

Pairing video a scene in 1960's London with music by the Beatles is an example of history matching.

True

Polyphony refers to two or more melodic lines that, when played together, form a harmonic whole.

True

Structural analysis involves analyzing the picture sequence according to the fundamental and contextual image elements of light and color, space, time/motion and sound.

True

Structural analysis involves analyzing the picture sequence according to the fundamental and contextual image elements of light and color, space, time/motion, and sound.

True

The basic sound structure are melody, harmony, homophony, and polyphony.

True

The basic sound structures are melody harmony, homophony, and polyphony.

True

The harmonic combination of sounds is called a chord.

True

The vertical vectors of a chord can be compared to the depth and texture of a character in a play.

True

We can create contrapuntal tension through a contrast in rhythm.

True

When translated into graphic, index, and motion vectors, musical notation can describe a line, a direction, a movement, and horizontal and vertical structures.

True

When using structural matching, you parallel pictures and sound according to their internal structure.

True

When using thematic matching for video and audio, you select sounds that we are accustomed to hearing at specific events or locales.

True

You can use multiple texts for single-screen presentations or multiscreen productions.

True

Text

What a character says and does. Also a system of verbal and nonverbal . . .

What two musical forms represent contrapuntal structures?

a canon and a fugue

What is the main characteristic of a homophonic structure?

a dominant melody backed by chords

How fast a sound reaches a certain level of loudness is called:

attack

Which of the following is not an element of sound?

context

Which one of the following is not an element of sound?

context

Which of the following is not a notable polyphonic audiovisual technique:

counterpoint

The variations of perceived strength are the ______ of the sound.

dynamics

What type of vector best describes a melody?

horizontal vector

What two factors determine the relative decay of the sound?

instrument and acoustic environment

We say a sound has a slow decay when:

it takes some time for the sound vector to lose its strength

What are the basic elements of sound?

loudness, attack/decay, pitch, and timbre

Which of the examples listed represents thematic matching?

parade and band music

Which of the following is not a basic picture/sound matching criteria?

phasing

When we select sounds that we are accustomed to hearing at specific events or locales, we are using which picture-sound matching criteria:

thematic

Timbre describes what element of a sound?

tone quality

Geographical matching means that you select music that is typical of the geographical area depicted in the scene.

true

In a fugue the same theme can appear in different voices

true

You can use multiple texts for single screen presentations or multiscreen productions.

true

What type of vector best describes a chord (harmonic structure)?

vertical vector


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