Starting Out with Python Chapter 1

A bit that is turned off represents the following value: __________.

0 (zero)

3k means about 3 thousand bytes. How would you express two hundred million bytes?

200 MB

3k means about 3 thousand bytes. How would you express four trillion bytes?

4 TB

3K means about 3 thousand bytes. How would you express five billion bytes?

5 GB

How many bits are in a byte?

8 bits

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is __________.

ASCII

Was created in the 1970's, primarily, for applications used by the US Dept of Defense. The language is named in honor of Countess Ada Lovelace, an influential and historic figure in the field of computing.

Ada

Programs that make a computer useful for everyday tasks

Application Software

is any software that runs with the support of the operating systems.

Application software

What part of the computer actually runs programs?

CPU

the brain of the computer. The part of the computer that actually runs programs: most important component without it; cannot run software used to be a huge device

CPU

the brain of the computer - it is the part of the computer that actually runs the program

CPU or Central Processing Unit

When a program runs on a computer, the part of the computer that carries out the instructions is called the

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program?

Compiler

A program has to be copied into what type of memory each time the CPU executes it?

Main memory, or RAM

What fundamental set of programs control the interface between the user and the perations of the computers hardware?

Operating Systems

control operations of hardware components

Operating system

A set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task

Program

a person who can design, create, and test computer programs; also known as software developer

Programmer

is a general-purpose language created in the early 1990's. It has become popular in business and academic applications.

Python

A program that accepts and then executes Python source code.

Python Interpreter

This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running.

RAM

What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data when running?

RAM

When a program runs on a computer, it is stored in

Random Access Memory (RAM)

used to create, modify, and test software programs

Software development tools

The statements that a programmer writes in a high-level language are called what?

Source code or code

a strict set of rules, that each computer language has; that must be strictly followed when writing a program

Syntax

programs that control and manage basic operations of a computer; it is the most fundamental set of programs on a computer

System Software

When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in what process?

The fetch-decode-execute cycle

What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?

Utility Program

How many bytes in a Gigabyte GB

about 1 billion bytes

how many bytes in a megabyte

about 1 million bytes

How many bytes in a Kilobyte KB

about 1 thousand bytes

How many bytes in a Terabyte TB

about 1 trillion bytes

a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program? Python uses this - it interprets and then immediately executes them

an interpreter

A program that translates an assembly-language program into machine code

assembler

It is an alternative language to machine language. Instead of using, binary numbers for instructions, this language uses short words that are known as mnemonics.

assembly language

In the_____________numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s.

binary

Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a _______

binary data

What does the term bit stand for?

binary digit

In what numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s?

binary numbering system

What do you call a tiny "switch" that can be set to either on or off? "electrical component that can hold positive or negative charge, like on/off switch

bit

A ___________ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or small number.

byte

A(n)__________program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.

compiler

Machine language is produced by

compilers

any data that is stored in binary format

digital data

Flash drives, CDs, external disks are all examples of this

external storage(memory) devices

What type of programming language allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works?

high-level language

A language which enables a programmer to write programs that are close to human language. This makes the coding much easier to reader and write

high-level programming language?

A _____________________mode is a way of using the Python interpreter by typing commands and expressions at the prompt.

interactive

The Python language uses an______________, which is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program.

interpreter

A binary digit (choose one) is either positive or negative, is zero or one, requires one byte of storage, is 2, is none of the above.

is zero or one

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called __________.

key words

Words that have a special meaning in programming language are called

key words

Assembly language is a ____________level programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute.

low-level

A CPU understands instructions that are written only in what language?

machine language

Computers can only execute programs that are written in __________.

machine language

Computers can only execute programs written in

machine language

What are the short words that are used in assembly language called?

mnemonics

What amount of memory is enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number?

one byte

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called __________. digital images are composed of this each one is converted to a binary number representing the color stands for picture element

pixels

A(n) is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task. a. compiler b. program c. interpreter d. programming language

program

A __________mode is a way of using the Python interpreter to read and execute statements in a script.

script

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer is called___________

secondary storage

a type of secondary memory: faster than disk drive, no moving parts, stores data in solid state memory; typically uses flash memory (used to use RAM but now use flash instead)

solid state drive

___________________ are the individual instructions that you use to write a program in a high-level programming language.

statements

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called __________.

syntax

What type of mistake is usually caused by a misspelled word, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator?

syntax error

____________ error message and the program can not be compiled or executed.

syntax error?

A ________________program is a systems software that provides additional functionality to the operating system and helps make the operating system/computer easier to use, examples are antivirus software, back up software and disk tools.

utility

Machine language consists of

zeros and ones

Refers to all of the physical components of devices of which a computer is made.

Hardware

The first step of this cycle is to___________, or read the next instruction from memory into the the CPU.

Fetch

What part of the computer collects data from people and other devices?

Input devices

What are the words that make up a high-level programming language called?

Keywords

the world's first programmable electronic computer

ENIAC

The last step in a 3 step cycle in the CPU to perform the operation.

Execute