Statistics-Ch. 1

In an experiment that looks at the effect of different teaching methods on student learning, the independent variable is... -the number of students involved. -scores on a standardized exam. -teaching method. -inherently unknowable.

teaching method

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of experiments? -Laboratory setting -Representative groups -Biological measures -Manipulations

Manipulations

A univariate analysis typically focuses on... -cause and effect. -one variable at a time. -un-varying values. -a uniform group of participants.

one variable at a time

A question that asks whether a person believes they are more creative, less creative, or just as creative as other people is at the _____ level of measurement.

ordinal

A sample is part of a larger...

population

A variable that records how many seconds it take for a person to spell a word backwards is at the _____ level of measurement.

ratio

For a study to be considered an experiment, it must have... -a sample of at least 30 participants. -ratio level measurements on all variables. -a manipulation. -no more than two variables.

A manipulation

Which is bigger: a sample or a population?

A population

If a web marketer compares the effectiveness of two online ads in getting clicks by gathering data from 3 million Internet shoppers, the population of interest is... -all shoppers. -the two online ads. -the 3 million Internet shoppers. -all Internet shoppers.

All internet shoppers

If the number of games a team has lost in a season is subtracted from the number of games that they won in that season, the resulting variable would be at the _____ level of measurement.

Interval

Temperature in celsius or Fahrenheit (but not Kelvin) is measured at which level of measurement?

Interval

A question that asks a person which religion (if any) they identify with is at the _____ level of measurement.

Nominal

A variable that classifies people into racial or ethnic groups is what level of measurement?

Nominal

If a person's sex is coded as Male = 0 or Female = 1, then that variable is at the _____ level of measurement.

Nominal

If a person's sex is coded as Male = 1 or Female = 2, then that variable is at the _____ level of measurement.

Nominal

If a person's sex is recorded as "Male" or "Female," then that variable is at the _____ level of measurement.

Nominal

The only level of measurement that does not place scores or categories into order (and is therefore the lowest level of measurement) is the _____ level of measurement.

Nominal

The respondent's gender is typically recorded as a(n) _____ variable.

Nominal

A question that asks how many times a person attends religious services each year is at the _____ level of measurement.

Ratio

The amount of time that a person spends on social media each week in minutes is a(n) _____ variable.

Ratio

The highest level of measurement (i.e., the one that contains the most information) is the _____ level of measurement.

Ratio

The number of students enrolled in a school each year is an example of which level of measurement?

Ratio

Which level of measurement has a true zero point?

Ratio

A bivariate analysis typically focuses on... -two participants at a time. -causal inference. -the association of two variables. -symmetrical distributions.

The association of two variables

The variable that is measured as the outcome in an experiment is called the _____ variable.

dependent

Inferential statistics are typically contrasted with _____ statistics.

descriptive

A question that asks a person how strong their motivations for religious participation are using a 1-7 rating scale is at _____ level of measurement.

either the ordinal or the interval

In an experiment, the variable that the researcher manipulates is called the _____ variable.

independent

If a researcher is able to survey 99% of all students enrolled in statistics classes at a college, then that researcher has gathered data from a(n)...

sample

A population can never be... -made up people of just one sex. -accurately described. -smaller than one of its samples. -larger than one of its samples.

smaller than one of its samples