Stats 1.1-1.4
_____ occurs when a study tends to favor certain results.
Bias
Your mechanic performs his twenty point checkup on your car to determine how much longer it will last.
Case study
looks at multiple variables that affect a single event
Case study
For budget purposes, a secretary needs to know the average cost of health plans of employees at their college.
Census
a study in which data are obtained from every member of the population
Census
A random number generator is used to choose five metropolitan areas. Then a college student collects data from each person in these metropolitan areas.
Cluster Sampling
A random number generator is used to choose twenty-five zip codes. Then a biologist collects data from each person in these zip codes.
Cluster Sampling
A school administrator interviews each member from each of the fifteen randomly chosen math classes at a university.
Cluster Sampling
A statistics student interviews each member from each of the ten randomly chosen zoning districts in a town.
Cluster Sampling
population is divided, each member of a few groups is chosen
Cluster sample
Amounts of yearly rainfall in Miami over the last 55 years are an example of which type of data?
Continuous
Heights of sunflowers in a garden are an example of which type of data?
Continuous
Widths of the doors in a restaurant are an example of which type of data?
Continuous
quantitative data that can take on any value in a given interval and are usually measurements (HOW MUCH)
Continuous data
sample is convenient to select
Convenience sample
A chain restaurant wants to determine how restaurants are performing in a particular city where the chain is considering opening a new restaurant.
Cross sectional study
A professor gives a quiz to her class to determine what topics they are struggling with.
Cross sectional study
data collected at a single point in time
Cross sectional study
the counts, measurements, or observations gathered about a specific variable in a population in order to study it
Data
66% of all students at the local university voted in the last election
Descriptive Statistic
The average price of a house in the new subdivision is $300,000
Descriptive Statistic
Speeds of cars driving on the highway are an example of which type of data?
Discrete
The number of red cars on various roads are an example of which type of data?
Discrete
The numbers of languages that various people speak fluently are an example of which type of data?
Discrete
The numbers of suitcases loaded onto various airplanes are an example of which type of data?
Discrete
The numbers of telephone calls received in one day by each person in a company are an example of which type of data?
Discrete
quantitative data that can take on only particular values and are usually counts (HOW MANY)
Discrete data
If a participant begins a study but fails to complete it, then that participant is a(n)
Dropout
A recent poll of 3517 luxury car owners in Michigan showed that the average price of a luxury car in the U.S. is $29,500
Inferential Statistic
A survey of 1478 people revealed that 52% eat while they drive; therefore it can be assumed that 52% of the U.S. population eats while they drive.
Inferential Statistic
When conducting legal experiments on animals, a researcher needs to obtain consent from the ______
Institutional Review Board
Copyright years of all books in a library
Interval
Quantitative numerical data with measurable differences, but no starting point (temperature, birth years), differences are meaningful
Interval
Release years of a list of 100 of the greatest movies of all time
Interval
Temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) of apartment thermostats in an apartment complex
Interval
Temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) of students visiting a school's health clinic
Interval
Time of day a person woke up each day for a year
Interval
data gathered by following a particular group over a period of time
Longitudinal study
A meteorologist compares five weather reports from hurricanes to compare for common factors.
Meta-Analysis
a study that compiles information from previous studies
Meta-analysis
Letter grades on a test are an example of which type of data?
Neither
Colors of jelly beans in a jar are an example of which type of data?
Neither continuous or discrete
Colors of cats owned by a sample of households
Nominal
Combination lock codes
Nominal
Eye colors extracted from a collection of passport photos
Nominal
Qualitative categorical data that cannot be ordered
Nominal
In order to help decide when and where to advertise, an electronics repair company decided to pull invoices and tally what types of devices were repaired. There were twenty-five devices repaired that month. What is the level of measurement for the data? Are the data qualitative or quantitative?
Nominal, qualitative
A(n) _____ is a subject who strays from the directions they were given for the study, yet they remain in the sample.
Nonadherent
A gift shop owner wants to know if her customer base is shrinking.
Observational
observes data that already exists
Observational study
Educational level as reported in the census (Elementary school, High school graduate, Some college, etc.)
Ordinal
Letter grades given for a college course
Ordinal
Qualitative categorical data that can be ranked, but can't measure differences
Ordinal
Sizes of sweatpants on a clearance rack
Ordinal
A reviewer decides to interview guests to see how they would rate a particular hotel. The following table lists the responses from twenty-five guests. What is the level of measurement for the data? Are the data qualitative or quantitative?
Ordinal, qualitative
A reviewer decides to interview patrons to see how they would rate a particular restaurant. The following table lists the responses from twenty-five patrons. What is the level of measurement for the data? Are the data qualitative or quantitative?
Ordinal, qualitative
a numerical description of a population characteristic
Parameter
A self-selected survey is especially prone to...
Participation bias
A particular group of interest
Population
The final exam scores in your chemistry class
Population
The heights of 14 out of the 28 okra plants at Mr. Lonardo's greenhouse --> all okra plants at Mr. Lonardo's greenhouse is an example of ....
Population
50% of all students at the local university voted in the last election
Population Parameter
The average number of hours students in your statistics class study per week is 12.2
Population Parameter
The heights of 5 out of the 32 corn plants at Mr. Lonardo's greenhouse
Population: The 32 corn plants at Mr. Lonardo's greenhouse Sample: The 5 corn plants at Mr. Lonardo's greenhouse
Hair colors are an example of which type of data?
Qualitative
Sales in dollars made by a sales person are an example of which type of data?
Quantitative
Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
Random Sampling
Heights of ceilings in a building
Ratio
Lengths of newborn babies
Ratio
Number of characters in tweets posted in 2018
Ratio
Quantitative numerical data with a zero point, so ratios can be measured (zero point represents absence)
Ratio
Has the same relevant characteristics as the population and does not favor one group from the population over another
Representative sample
One form of _____ is in the wording of survey questions a researcher has given to participants.
Researcher bias
If a participant cannot remember the correct answer to a question and simply comes up with one, this is known as
Response bias
The heights of 9 out of 34 tomato plants at Mr. Lonardo's greenhouse --> the 9 tomato plants at Mr. Lonardo's greenhouse is an example of a...
Sample
The high school GPAs of a sample of 22 professors at the local college.
Sample
The number of children of a sample of 33 employees at a textbook company --> The 33 employees at a textbook company is a ....
Sample
The number of hours a group of 7 children in Mrs. Smith's kindergarten class watch television in a day.
Sample
a subset if the population from which data are collected
Sample
A recent poll of 3054 corporate executives showed that the average price of their cars is $49,700
Sample Statistic
A recent poll of 3902 home owners in Ohio showed that the average price of their houses is $254,000
Sample Statistic
numerical descriptions of sample characteristics
Sample Statistics
every SAMPLE from the population has an equal chance of being selected
Simple Random Sampling
A school administrator chooses ten people at random from each zoning district.
Stratified Sampling
First, the population is subdivided by city. Then a biologist uses a random number generator to select twenty-five members from each city to study.
Stratified Sampling
First, the population is subdivided by district. Then a biologist uses a random number generator to select fifty members from each district to study.
Stratified Sampling
population is divided, a few members of each group are chosen
Stratified sample
chosen by selecting every nth member of the population
Systematic Sample
A value or characteristic that changes among members of the population
Variable
gathers, sorts, summarizes, and displays the data
descriptive statistics
In a ______ experiment, neither examiners nor participants know into which group a participant has been placed.
double-blind
involves using descriptive statistics to estimate population parameters
inferential statistics
If a participant skips hard to answer questions in a survey, it causes
nonresponse bias
A study is done an a new drug designed to lower blood pressure. Individuals with high blood pressure are selected for the study and some are given pills containing the drugs while others are given pills that do not contain any of the drug. What can we call the pills that do not contain the drug?
placebo
Entering data into incorrect fields in a data set is an example of
processing errors
If a study of all college students at a particular college resulted in only freshmen being sampled, this would be considered
sampling bias
