STD's

According to the CDC, who is affected the most by Chlamydia (or who reports infection most often)

Women

What percentage of the population has been exposed to HPV?

75 percent. other 25 percent not currently infected.

What types of tests can be done for Chlamydia trachomatis?

Genital (rectal, endocervix, vagina, urethra) and non genital (eye, throat) swabs, urine sample. Also nucleic acid probes (PCR, ligase chain reaction, culture takes 6-8 hours)

Which other STD is Chlamydia similar to in its symptoms and pattern of transmission?

Gonorrhea

What are the general characteristics of Chlamydia?

Gram negative, non motile, HAS TO REPLICATE WITHIN THE CELL

What is the treatment for HIV?

HIV is uncurable, supportive treatment only

Other than herpes, what are the other more common STD's?

HPV (20 million), Chlamydia (2 million), and HIV (560,000)

How is HPV spread?

HPV is spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected individual. HPV can be passed even when an infected person has no signs or symptoms.

What is the treatment for HPV?

HPV is uncureable, supportive treatment only

What is herpes simplex virus?

HSV is a recurring viral STD that produces painful genital lesions. There are two strains. NON CURABLE.

What is the treatment for HSV?

HSV is uncurable, supportive treatment only

How does chlamydia differ from viruses?

Has both DNA and RNA. Cell wall is similar in structure to gram negative bacteria.

What is stage 1/3 of syphilis?

Have a sore. Occurs 3-90 days after exposure. This stage is curable.

What happens in a genital herpes primary infection?

Occurs when HSV II infects epitherlial cells covering the mucosa. The virus then migrates to the nearest ganglion (sacral ganlia) via neurons where it replicates and establishes latency for life.

What is the treatment for syphilis?

Penicillin recommended for all stages of disease

How do we use epidemiological data to help decrease spread of disease?

People who work in public health, if aware of data trends, can help educate and cut down on transmission of a particular disease

What is the development cycle of chlamydia?

Replicated within the host cell, forming inclusion bodies. Restricted metabolic activity-reactions do not produce energy, but use ATP produced by the host cell "energy parasites".

What is the biggest differences between Type I and Type II HSV?

The biggest difference is the area of the body in which the two reside. I is in the brain, II is in the base of the spinal cord.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Untreated STDs can cause PID. This is a serious condition in women. 1 in 8 women with a history of PID experience difficulties getting pregnant.

How many types of HPV exist?

We have found more than 100 different types so far.

What is the most commonly reported bacterial STD in the US?

Chlamydia

What is the type of Chlamydia that has an unclear role as a pathogen?

Chlamydia pecorum

What is the type of Chlamydia that is atypical?

Chlamydia pneumoniae

What is the Chlamydia type found in birds?

Chlamydia psittaci

What is the Chlamydia STD pathogen?

Chlamydia trachomatis

What two bacteria are typically tested for together?

Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Done together because the two have similar clinical presentations, but important to distinguish between the two since they are treated with different antibiotics.

How many people acquire herpes annually?

Less than one million Americans

How many strains put women at high risk for cervical cancer?

15 of the 100

What percent of cases develop into cancer over the course of 10-30 years?

0.8 percent. In these cases, HPV invades deeper layers of tissues and turns cancerous.

Which age range reports the highest amount of cases of Chlamydia?

15-24 (70%)

What percent of cases of cervical cancer heal within two years?

90 percent

What is inclusion conjunctivitis?

Adult inclusion conjustivitis is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is a follicular trachomatis. Most often results from sexual contact with a person who has a genital infection, but may rarely acquired from an incompletely chlorinated swimming pool.

What happens in a genital herpes recurrent infections?

After primary infection, becomes reactivated, travels back through neurons to the site of the primary infection. Once the virus enters the human body it remains for life.

What is the treatment for Chlamydia?

Azithromycin or doxycycline is preferred. Oflaxacin and erythromycin are good alternatives.

What causes syphilis?

Caused by bacterium Treponema pallidium.

Which racial/ethnic group has the highest reported rates of Chlamydia?

Black

What is stage 2/3 of syphilis?

Body rash. Occurs 4-10 weeks after initial reaction. This stage is curable.

What do genital warts look like?

Discolored ares or raised bumps on the genitals. More often though will not see any outward symptoms.

What does epidemiological data tell us about syphilis?

Early trends showed more even distribution, then women decrease compared to men. Most common in men. who have sex with men.

Describe the growth cycle of Chlamydia

Enters a susceptible host cell as an elemental body. Prevents phagocytosis. Reorganizes into a reticulate body rich in RNA. Begins to divide (binary bission). EXCLUSIVELY a human pathogen.

What is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the US?

Herpes (45 million or 1 in 5)

What is stage 3/3 of syphilis?

Internal organ damage. 3-15 years after initial infection. This is the most difficult stage to treat (least curable)

How can you identify Chlamydia trachomatis?

On a pap smear of a woman's cervix, Chlamydia infected cells appear pink, while uninfected cells appear blue.

How does the HPV infect the cervix?

The virus enters through microabrasions.

What is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)?

This is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US. Nearly all sexually active men and women get it at some point in their lives. CDC recommends 11 to 12 year olds get two doses of this vaccine (used to be three).

HSV II

This type causes 90-95% of all genital herpes lesions; lives in sacral dorsal root ganglia (bring information from periphery to spinal cord).

HSV I

This version represents 5-10% of genital herpes lesions; primarily causes oral-labial lesions and resides in trigeminal ganglion (nerve that transmits sensations of face to brain).

What is trachoma?

Trachoma is a bacterial infection that affects your eyes. It is contagious, spreading through contact with the eye, nose, or throat secretions of infected people. LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE. Most blinding trachoma occurs in poor areas of Africa.

What diseases can Chlamydia trachomatis cause?

Trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, lymphogranuloma vernereum (LGV), and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)