Strength of Materials

Forces done along the longitudinal axis or the length of the material.

Axial force

Stress that develops to resist axial force.

Axial stresses

Force producing both tension and compression on to the cross-section of the body.

Bending

What component of steel dictates its ductility?

Carbon

The center of mass of a geometric object of uniform density. Center of gravity of a plane area.

Centroid

Part of the Resultant force resolved at the direction of the coordinate axes.

Component of a force

Loads act of shortening or state of pushing together.

Compression

A set of forces having all its directions converge at a common point.

Concurrent forces

A set of forces acting on a single plane.

Coplanar forces

Is a pair of forces, equal in magnitude, oppositely directed, and displaced by perpendicular distances.

Couple

Gradual permanent deformation produced by continuous application of loads.

Creep

It is the unit deformation of a material subjected to an applied load.

Deformation

Orientation of the Path where the force will be imposed.

Direction

Property of materials that enables the material to deform under tensile load.

Ductility

Study of External Forces applied on a body inducing any motion.

Dynamics

Is the limit beyond which the material will no longer go back to its original shape when the load is removed, or it is the maximum stress that may e developed such that there is no permanent or residual deformation when the load is entirely removed.

Elastic Limit

A temporary change in the shape the body produced by a stress less than the elastic limit of the material.

Elastic deformation

Property of materials that enables deformity upon the force applied and recovers after removing such force.

Elasticity

A branch of Engineering that deals with External Forces of an assumably rigid bodies.

Engineering Mechanics

Is a state in which the resultant of the force system that acts on a body vanishes.

Equilibrium

Means that both a resultant force and the resultant couple is zero

Equilibrium

Failure to maintain elastic limit subjected to repeated series of stress.

Fatigue

An isolated view of a body where all considered set of force/s are shown.

Free-body diagram

From the origin O to the point called *proportional limit*, the stress-strain curve is a straight line.

Hooke's Law

Amount of force.

Magnitude

Property of materials the ability to deform under compressive stress or load.

Malleability

It is the ratio between the unit stress and unit deformation caused by stress. Derived by Hooke's law

Modulus of Elasticity

The constant of proportionality k is called the _________________ and is equal to the slope of the stress-strain diagram from O to P.

Modulus of elasticity

Is the work done on a unit volume of material as the force is gradually increased from O to P, in N·m/m3.

Modulus of resilience

Is the work done on a unit volume of material as the force is gradually increased from O to R, in N·m/m3.

Modulus of toughness

Rotation of a Force at a point or an axis.

Moment

Shortest distance of a force from the point or axis.

Moment arm

A quantity of a body's tendency to resist angular acceleration. It is the sum of the products of the mass of each particle in the body with the square of its distance from the axis of rotation.

Moment of inertia

The angular mass or rotational inertia, of a rigid body is a tensor that determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about a rotational axis.

Moment of inertia

A set of forces having the same direction but do not converge at a common point.

Parallel forces

Inelastic strain in a material.

Permanent set

The region in stress-strain diagram from O to P is called the elastic range. The region from P to R is called;

Plastic range

Loads concentratedly imposed at a point on a Free Body Diagram.

Point load

Is the ratio of the transverse contraction strain to longitudinal extension strain in the direction of stretching force.

Poisson's Ratio

Reactive force developed by a body on which a force or system of force acts.

Reaction

Is its ability to absorb energy without creating a permanent distortion.

Resilience

Representative force of the cummulative effects of forces.

Resultant forces

A body does not deform under load.

Rigid

A basic requirement for the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies and the mechanics of fluids (advanced courses).

Rigid Bodies

Essential for the design and analysis of many types of structural members, mechanical components, electrical devices, etc, encountered in engineering.

Rigid Bodies

Is the strength of the material at rupture. This is also known as the breaking strength.

Rupture strength

Is a physical quantity that can be described by a single element of a number field such as a real number, of accompanied by units of measurement.

Scalar

Is usually said to be a physical quantity that only has a magnitude and no other characteristics.

Scalar

It is an instrument at the ground surface which records the electrical effects transmitted to it by a seismometer and thus shows the times and amplitude of earth shocks

Seigmograph

The ratio between shearing stress and the shearing strain.

Shear Modulus of Elasticity

Forces done perpendicular the longitudinal axis or the length of the material.

Shear force

Stress that develops to resist shear force.

Shear stress

This linear relation between elongation and the axial force causing was first noticed by;

Sir Robert Hooke

Deals with the study of the external effects of forces on rigid bodies that are at rest and remain at rest before and after the application of forces.

Statics

Also called as extensometer instrument to measure a minute deformation,

Strain Gauge

The behavior an increased rate of load application can cause in normally ductile material.

Strain rate effect

Branch of Engineering that deals with the internal effects of forces on the body.

Strength of materials

It is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behaviour of solid bodies subjected to various types of loading.

Strength of materials

It is the unit strength of element.

Stress

The time-dependent decrease in strength capacity in a constrained material.

Stress relaxation

Lines depicting the direction but not the magnitude of the principal stress of the beam.

Stress trajectories

The brittle behavior low temperature can cause in a normally ductile material.

Temperature effect

Loads act of stretching or state of pulling apart.

Tension

A moment force. Is the tendency of a force to rotate around an axis.

Torque

Twisting effect on to the cross section.

Torsion

Is its ability to absorb energy without causing it to break.

Toughness

Property of materials the ability to absorb energy before rupturing.

Toughness

The maximum ordinate in the stress-strain diagram is the ultimate strength or tensile strength.

Ultimate Strength

Series of concentrated loads with uniform magnitude.

Uniform load

Series of concentrated loads with varying magnitude

Varying line loads

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

Vector

Is the point at which the material will have an appreciable elongation or yielding without any increase in load.

Yield point

Modulus of elasticity also called as;

Young's Modulus