stress resilience final

T or F Fathers of children with Down syndrome reported less stress and more positive perceptions of their children than fathers of children with other types of special needs.

true

T or F Widows tend to experience more depression and more negative health consequences than do widowers.

false

T or F A child or teen who loses a sibling may experience guilt resulting from sibling rivalry

true

T or F A child who begins using alcohol at age 12 or younger is more likely to develop later alcohol abuse or dependence than adolescents who begin using alcohol at age 16 or older.

true

T or F A strong predictor of positive outcomes in families with a chronically ill child is "balanced coping" which occurs when the demands of the illness are kept in perspective in other family needs.

true

T or F Adolescents who transition from a single parent family to a stepfamily increase their risk for initiating alcohol use.

true

T or F During the first two years following a loss, "yearning" for the deceased loved one is a major feature of the process.

true

T or F Having a child with a chronic illness may create risks for other children; while at the same time, the chronic illness may bring siblings closer together.

true

T or F If an older child experiences or continues to experience parental aggression or maltreatment, he or she is likely to have lower rates of resilience in adult romantic relationships.

true

T or F Male victims of IPV often face a type of "re-victimization" because of the stigma associated with being abused, which in our society, is deeply coded as a female experience.

true

T or F Women are more likely to be bothered by residual hostility from the past marriage than are men.

true

T or F Younger children tend to be more accepting of a stepparent than are older children.

true

T or F Youth who have strong and healthy relationships with their parents are less likely to socialize with deviant peers

true

The peak age for the first signs of an alcohol disorder is

18

Approximately ________% of women in the United States have reported IPV.

35%

According to the Economic Life Cycle model, individuals in the family formation stage:

A, B, & C are correct (accumulate significant amounts of debt, need to establish credit goals and debt limits, should compare the costs of different types of credit)

Which of the following strategies might a therapist use to assist families in adapting to the loss of a loved one?

A, B, and C are correct -encouraging family members to talk about the person who has died -encouraging family members to participate in the funeral or memorial services - planning and participating in rituals or memorial services on the anniversary of the family member's death

Of the children who live with a stepparent, the largest age group involves

Adolescents between ages of 12-17

Mary's parents keep liquor in their home. Both of Mary's parents drink regularly and have the expectation that drinking is a normal part of adult life. Which of the following terms would best describe these behaviors and their effect on Mary?

Alcohol specific effects

Which of the following statements reflect findings in the research literature regarding the adjustment of children and teens following divorce? A. Over time, children generally have less contact with non-custodial fathers B. The quality of relationships with both parents will affect the child's adjustment to divorce C. Adjustment to divorce is enhanced if the child has a good relationship with at least one parent D. All of the above are accurate research findings

All of the above

Protective factors exist within the multiple layers of a child's context. Which of the following is not true about protective factors in the child's community context?

All peer relationships that maltreated children and youth have contribute favorably to their resiliency

If a child blames himself or herself for the abuse, they tend to experience more negative outcomes. This process refers to:

Attributional style

Research regarding "protective buffering" (which involves hiding negative feelings or concerns about the illness to avoid hurting the ill spouse) is

B and C are correct (may increase levels of depression and anxiety, is linked to lower life satisfaction)

Which of the following demographic variables does not put a person or couple at increased for divorce?

Being older at the time of marriage

Flexibility, bonding through time together, and open communication are considered

Characteristics of resiliency that in stepfamilies that support family well-being

The most common source of conflict in stepfamilies is related to:

Child rearing

Nick is a stepparent who joined Mary and her three children. Nick wants to be considered a parent and early on has had screaming matches with Ethan, Mary's 13 year old son. This is an example of:

Confusion about how to enforce household rules and whether Nick has the right to parent (discipline) Ethan, especially in the eyes of the 13 year old boy

The most common form of intimate partner violence is

Emotional abuse

T or F Children who experience multiple family transitions (changes in what adults are living in the home) during their growing up years are no more likely to experience adjustment problems than children who experienced one transition in the form of their parent's divorce.

False

Research on families with a special needs child has affirmed all of the following, except: A. Fathers of special needs children experience higher levels of daily stress and more stress over time than mothers B. Having multiple forms of social support is the most important factor in coping with their child's special needs C. Having a healthy marriage can serve as a protective factor against the negative effects of stress D. The role that grandparents play can influence the parents' ability to cope

Fathers of special needs children experience higher levels of daily stress and more stress over time than mothers

Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP)

Focuses on child attachment to the parent and has been shown to improve bonding, reduce childhood problem behaviors, and reduce maltreatment recidivism

Which of the following marital outcomes is not associated with higher levels of consumer debt?

Greater teamwork to accomplish financial goals

Some research suggests that individuals who abuse tend to have which of the following characteristics?

High levels of anger and hostility

Which of the following relationship variables is not a risk factor for the increased likelihood of divorce?

High levels of cohesion in the relationship

Which of the following is not a common economic consequence following divorce? A. The economic well-being of women tends to decline after divorce B. The financial well-being of men tends to improve following divorce C. Men devote more money to caring for children than women do D. Many women receive incomplete or irregular child support payments

Men devote more money to caring for children than women do

Adolescents with alcohol problems had which of the following compared to teens without alcohol problems?

More perceived parental rejection, less parental warmth, more behavioral problems, and more association with substance-using peers

Which of the following conclusions was not identified by Emery in his summary of the effects of divorce on children?

Most children do not report unhappy memories or continued distress after divorce

Parents of children with special needs?

Often have negative reactions initially, then their attitudes become more positive over time as they realize a deeper meaning and satisfaction in their lives

Which of the following statements is inconsistent with our current knowledge and understanding of the experience of leaving an abusive or violent relationship?

Once the woman leaves her abusive partner, the abuse or violence ends

Vanessa and David have been a stepfamily for 6 months. They have good days and bad days. They are not overly concerned about this because they understand that forming a stepfamily is a process that is different than forming a traditional biological family. Vanessa and David's perspective on their new family best represents which of the following?

Realistic and positive expectations about forming a stepfamily

One of the first theoretical perspectives developed specific to families with special needs identified five crisis stages. Which of the following is not one of those five crisis stages?

Regret

Rob grew up in a home where his dad regularly pushed his mother around. Rob's mother was very apologetic and tried to please his father. Rob thought this was how men and women relate. Consequently, Rob was confused when he hit his girlfriend, and she made a huge deal of it. This is most clearly an example of which theory at work?

Social learning theory

Which of the following is not an accurate statement regarding stepfamilies? A. Approximately 65% of remarriages form stepfamilies B. More children live with mothers and stepfathers than with fathers and stepmothers C. Stepfamily households are more common among African Americans than among Whites D. Cohabiting stepfamilies are less stable than married stepfamilies

Stepfamily households are more common among African Americans than among Whites

Family factors related to resiliency include all of the following, except: A. Positive family communication and conflict resolution skills B. Strong intellectual and reading skills C. A strong attachment to at least one parent figure D. Parents have positive perceptions of the child

Strong intellectual and reading skills

Social competence is important primarily because it enhances the likelihood that the maltreated child will have

The ability to form close peer relationships

Which of the following is not an accurate statement about patterns of saving money reported by American families in 2012-2013?

The average income saved over the past year was 10%

In cases of childhood sexual abuse, if the non-abusing parent blames, punishes, or fails to believe the abused child

The child will have a more difficult time coping with his or her experiences

When a child's abuse or neglect begins when they are very young and is perpetrated by a parent or guardian

The child's ability to form secure attachments is harmed, thus impacting the chance of resilience

Families with special needs are at greater risk for experiencing stress due to all of the following, except: a. Extended caregiving roles b. Navigating multiple systems c. The gender of the child with special needs d. Demands on family resources

The gender of the child with special needs

Key predictors of the health, stability, and well-being of a person with special needs and his or her family are

The individual's functionality and the available social supports

Parent education programs for divorcing parents typically focus on all of the following, except: A. Children's reactions to divorce at different ages B. The reasons for the divorce C. How and why to develop cooperative post-divorce parenting D. How and why to avoid placing children in the middle of parental disputes

The reasons for the divorce

T or F High quality and reciprocal relationships with peers have been shown to be a protective factors that increase a child's self-esteem.

True

When exploring research on the siblings of children with special needs, each of the following findings emerged, with the exception of: a. Siblings with a brother with special needs displayed more behavior problems than siblings with a sister with special needs b. Behavior problems in a the sibling with special needs predicted behavior problems in other siblings c. When the child with special needs was a girl, siblings had more positive feelings for her d. Some siblings of a child with special needs show improved academic achievement

When the child with special needs was a girl, siblings had more positive feelings for her

Which of the following statements are accurate statements with regard to family caregiving?

Women are more likely to function as caregivers than men

Compared to grieving women, grieving males tend to be characterized by which of the following?

a greater involvement in instrumental tasks associated with the funeral, burial, and finances

Based on research findings, we know that parents who suffer the loss of a child or teen experience all of the following, except:

a high likelihood of divorce

Individuals who cope well with financial stress and strain tend to be characterized as having:

a strong sense of personal control or mastery over their situation

Intimate terrorism is

about power and control and is perpetrated mainly by men against women

Which of the following factors would be considered a non-alcoholic specific effect? A. Parental divorce B. Parent-teen communication processes C. Parental disciplinary strategies D. All of the above

all the above

Job loss is commonly associated with

all the above (strained family relationships, increased levels of depression, damaged self-esteem, a sense of helplessness)

Individual and family health outcomes during times of illness will be influenced by all of the following, except:

choice of health insurance carrier

Research indicates that a decline in health is related to a ____________________ in marital quality and the onset of of a disability is related to ________________ in marital quality.

decrease; increase

T or F A child's acceptance of a stepparent is distinct and separate from his or her relationship with the nonresidential biological parent.

false

T or F A common debt management strategy involves retiring loans or credit balances with the lowest interest first.

false

T or F Authoritarian parenting has been shown to reduce the risk of substance use in adolescents.

false

T or F Declines in general health are more strongly related to declines in marital satisfaction for older adults than for young or middle-aged adults.

false

T or F It is a rare instance when an abuser has been using alcohol or drugs at the time of a violent episode.

false

T or F There appears to be little or no relationship between post-divorce psychological adjustment and pre-divorce psychological adjustment.

false

T or F Research has indicated that, when maternal grandmothers are emotionally supportive to the mother, the child with special needs has fewer symptoms of depression

false

T or F Siblings of a child with special needs report overwhelmingly negative experiences associated with having a brother or sister with special needs.

false

The impact of illness on couple and family functioning is mediated by all of the following characteristics, except:

family cohesion and adaptability

Sources of stress that are unique to stepfamilies include all but: A. Financial concerns B. More family transitions and instability C. Less clarity regarding member roles and family boundaries D. Unrealistic expectations based on biological families

financial concerns

Typically, a special needs diagnosis represents a long-term and often permanent change in the trajectory of life for those families. Developing resilience in families with a special needs member is related to each of the following, except: a. establishing a sense of meaning b. functioning without clear roles and clear rules c. gaining a sense of control d. maintaining a personal identity for each family member separate from the disability

functioning without clear roles and clear rules

Which of the following commonly represents a family's greatest financial asset and share of net worth?

home equity

Which of the following is a possible negative consequence of bereavement on our physical health?

it can make existing medical conditions worse

All of the following family resources have been linked to positive outcomes when childhood illness occurs, except?

moving toward more diffuse or blurred boundaries to enhance closeness

What type of economic stress would best describe the family who experienced strain due to the added expenses associated with the birth of their first child?

normative

Situational couple violence occurs as a result of:

of conflict escalating rather than because of patterns of power and control

Adolescents growing up in these families were 9 times more likely to drink heavily in the 9th grade and three times more likely to drink heavily in the 11th grade. Which type of home/parents did these adolescents have?

permissive parents

Which of the following is not considered one of the three basic stages of grief?

reestablishment of personal beliefs

Common examples of disenfranchised grief would include all of the following, except:

the loss of an aging grandparent

Adaptation to loss is understood as

transformation of the relationship from physical presence to various "continuing bonds"

T or F Married couple households have higher median incomes than other types of family households

true

T or F Most children and adolescents experience difficulties for 1-2 years leading up to and following the divorce

true

T or F One of the reasons why the relationship between the divorced biological parent and his or her child is stressful when that parent begins dating is that it can trigger a series of additional "losses" for the child

true

T or F Research indicates that parents who are experiencing financial stress tend to become less supportive and more controlling and punitive in their disciplinary practices.

true

T or F Research indicates that when parents hold anti-alcohol beliefs and values, they can influence the development of negative alcohol-related cognitions, especially among their middle school and elementary school children.

true

T or F The majority of severely maltreated children show a limited ability to demonstrate resilience across a variety of domains (mental health, relationships, educational outcomes).

true

T or F The religious construct of "surrender, or self-denial, for a divine purpose" has been shown to function as a stress buffer, which may have an indirect impact on a person's health status.

true

T or F While higher rates of IPV have been found among low-income and poor families, high income and affluent victims of IPV often face a unique set of challenges trying to "protect the status quo."

true