sts

Confucianism

China created the religion based on the teachings of Confucius who believed in ancestor worship and human- centered virtues for living a peaceful life.

Middle East

Cradle of Civilization

ancient Egyptian civilization

Africa's most famous civilizations

Modern Age (1450 AD - present)

As world population steadily increased, people of the modern age realized the utmost importance of increasing the efficiency of transportation, communication, and production. Industrialization took place, but greater risks in human health, food safety, and environment rose, which had to be simultaneously addressed as scientific and technological progress unfolded at an unimaginable speed.

India and China

Asia had two of the world's great early civilizations

Charles Dawin's book

The Origin of Species

Ayurveda

a traditional Hindu medicine based on the idea of balance in bodily systems and uses diet, herbal treatment, massage, meditation and yogic breathing.

Ancient China

developed the accounting device called abacus; introduced acupuncture

Middle east

developed the first writing system in cuneiform tablets

Muslims

followers of Islam

shadoof

for watering farms

Islamic Empire

grew as one of the largest empires in history.

Ancient China

is known to be one of the oldest and longest lasting civilizations of the world. It made important advancements in science and technology, mathematics and astronomy.

Jabir Ibn Hayyan

known as the Father of Chemistry

Abu Qasim Al-Zahrawi

known as the Father of Surgery

Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi

laid the foundations of Algebra

Pyramids of Giza, the Great Sphinx of Giza and other great structures.

made by Africans

Egyptians

made paper from papyrus plants

Aztec

people also flourished in agriculture, predicted astronomical events, and devised calendar. They were also advanced in their cultural and social systems, used pictographs as system of writing, and had massive stone temples for religious rituals.

Buddhism

praised Buddha who believed that human greed and selfishness lead to human pain.

intellectual revolution

refer to series of events that led to the emergence of modern science and more current scientific thinking across critical periods in history.

Mark Zuckerberg's definition of technology

something that takes a human's sense or ability and augments it and makes it more powerful.

Abu Ali Ibn Sina

studied human anatomy and diseases

Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni

studied the Earth's radius and rotation

Jean Sylvain Bailley's Two-Stage Process

sweeping away the old establishing the new

Middle east

the first to practice intensive year- round agriculture and currency-mediated trade.

Mesoamerica

the region and cultural area in North America that spans territories from Mexico to Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador.

Qur-an or Koran.

their holy book of muslims

Great Wall of China

they built this wall to protect themselves from the invasions of barbarians from other parts of Asia

Stonehenge

was developed by Africans as their numeration system, and it is an accurate calendar

Mayan civilization

was scientifically advanced. They had a system of writing called "Maya hieroglyphics"; predicted solar eclipses; and devised a calendar based on a 365-day solar year.

Incan Empire

was the largest Mesoamerican civilization.

historical antecedent

- Can be understood as a precursor of a thing - An antecedent of a something unfolded or existed before it - Historical antecedents in S&T can be understood as the previous state of science and technology or previous scientific or technological tools that paved the way for more advanced and sophisticated S&T to arise

Modern age inventions

- Compound microscope made by Jansen - Telescope - Jacquard Loom - Engine-powered airplane made by Orville and Wilbur Wright - Television made by Baird

Foci of this unit

- Copernican Revolution - Darwinian Revolution - Freudian Revolution

President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010

- During the administration of President Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo, Science, Technology and Innovations (STI) was developed to strengthen the educational system and to help the poor. - "Filipinnovation" was coined that aimed to make the Philippines an innovation hub in Asia. - She promulgated RA No. 9367: Biofuels Act to utilize indigenous materials as sources of energy while having cleaner emissions. - The farmers were encouraged to use rice that can withstand environmental hazards. - RA No. 10601: Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization (AFMech) Law was also passed to modernize agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment.

Philippine scientists inventions

- E-jeepney - Erythromycin made by Abelardo Aguilar - Medical incubator made by Dr. Fe Del Mundo - Mole remover by Rolando dela Cruz - Banana Ketsup formula'd by Orosa

Darwinian Revolution

- English naturalist, geologist, and biologist Charles Darwin is credited for stirring another important scientific revolution in the mid-19th century. - His treatise on the science of evolution, On The Origin of Species, was published in 1859 and began a revolution that brought humanity to a new era of intellectual discovery. - an evolutionary process by which organisms, including humans, inherit, develop, and adapt traits that favored survival and reproduction.

S&T During the Spanish Colonial Period (1521-1898)

- Established formal education and launched scientific organizations - Schools were mandated to teach religion, mathematics, reading and writing, and music and arts - Health and sanitation as well as medicine and biology were also taught - Trained the natives to use innovative approaches in farming - Engineering was introduced and developed to construct buildings, churches, bridges, roads and forts - Trade was prioritized due to possible bigger profits

Middle ages inventions

- Gunpowder - Paper money - Mechanical clock - Spinning wheel

President Corazon Aquino's Administration (1986-1992)

- In 1986, President Corazon Aquino renamed the National Science and Technology Authority to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) for S&T to be represented in the cabinet - Strengthened S&T to be part of the nation's sustainable economic recovery and growth - Created S&T Master Plan aimed to update the production sector, improve research activities, and develop infrastructures for the S&T sector - Upgraded the R&D Plan to determine research areas of priority based on local materials, likelihood of success, potential of product to be exported, and its tactical nature.

President Fidel Ramos' Administration (1992-1998)

- In 1998, during the presidency of Fidel V. Ramos, the Philippines had approximately 3,000 competent scientists and engineers. - The "Doctors to the Barrio" Program brought an improvement of life expectancy from 67.5 years to 69.1 years between 1992 to 1995. - Incentives were given to people who played significant roles in S&T. - The National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in S&T was created. - Mandated Republic Act (RA) No. 8439: Magna Carta for S&T Personnel; RA No. 7687: S&T Scholarship Act of 1994; RA No. 7459: Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act; and RA No. 8293: The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines.

President Joseph Estrada's Administration (1998-2001)

- President Joseph Estrada signed and mandated RA No. 8749: The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 and RA No. 8792: Electronic Commerce Act of 2000. - He was also responsible in implementing cost-effective irrigation technologies and providing basic health care, nutrition, and education for those could not afford. - He also laid down a 15-year modernization program of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

President Ferdinand Marcos Administration (1965-1986)

- President Marcos mandated the Department of Education to promote science courses in public high schools - Granted additional budget for research projects in applied sciences and science education - Allocated funds for private universities and colleges for the creation of courses related to S&T and to promote research - The 35-hectare lot in Bicutan, Taguig was proclaimed in 1968 as the Philippine Science Community (now DOST site) - Seminars, workshops, training programs and scholarships on fisheries and oceanography were sponsored by the government

President Rodrigo Duterte (2016-present)

- President Rodrigo R. Duterte prioritized S&T by increasing the budget for R&D to nearly six times over the same period. - He backed up the formulation of programs and policies that will aid in shaping the country. - "Science for the People" programs were strengthened. - DOST helped transfer technology and put R&D results into commercialization gaining 1,000 new intellectual properties in only a year. - The Philippine Space Technology Program launched Diwata-2 in 2018, after the launching of Diwata-1, in 2016, that displayed the Philippine flag in space. - The current administration also gives importance on agriculture and disaster preparedness.

Science

- Refers to a systematic and methodical activity of building and organizing knowledge about how the universe behaves through either observation or experimentation or both - Comes from the Latin word, 'scientia' meaning 'knowledge'

Freudian Revolution

- Sigmund Freud is credited for stirring a 20th century scientific revolution named after him, the Freudian Revolution. - Freud developed Psychoanalysis as a scientific method of understanding inner and unconscious conflicts springing from free associations, dreams and fantasies of the individual. -

Ancient period inventions

- Sumerian wheel - Potter's wheel - The Edwin Smith Papyrus - Rush plant - Shadoof - Antikythera mechanism - Aeolipile

S&T During the American Regime (1898 -1946)

- The former Laboratorio Municipal was replaced by the Bureau of Government Laboratories under the Department of Interior. - The Bureau was established for the purpose of studying tropical diseases and other related research projects. - In 1905, the Bureau was changed to the Bureau of Science, which became the main research center of the Philippines - In 1933, the National Research Council of the Philippines was established. - Developments focused on agriculture, medicine and pharmacy, food processing and forestry - In 1946 the Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science

S&T in the Philippines During the Pre-colonial Times

- Used herbal medicines - For trading, used writing, numerical, measurement, and calendar systems - Developed livelihood skills such as farming, fishing, ship-building , mining minerals and weaving for clothing - Made majestic architectural designs like the Banaue rice terraces of Ifugao

Socially responsible science

- accurate and reliable research - oppose misuse or abuse in the application of research findings - attend to both the limitations and the foreseeable impacts of their work - participate in discussions and decisions regarding the appropriate use of science in addressing societal issues and concerns - bring their specialized knowledge and expertise to activities and discussions that promote the education of students and fellow citizens - enhance and facilitate informed decision- making and democracy

Copernican Revolution

- refers to the 16th century paradigm shift named after Polish mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. - The idea that it is the Sun and not the Earth that is at the center of the universe proved to be unsettling in the beginning. - Marked the beginning of the birth of modern astronomy

Technology

- the application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles to produce services, materials, tools, and machines aimed at solving real-world problems - comes from the Greek root word, technē, meaning 'art, skill, or cunning of hand'

Science, Technology, and Society Defined

- traces its roots during the interwar period and into the start of the Cold War - resulted from a recognition that many schools today do not really prepare students to respond critically, reflectively, and proactively to the challenges of the contemporary world, in this case S&T - a result of questions about its dynamic interaction with various aspects of society and was thus viewed as a socially embedded enterprise - seeks to bridge the gap between two traditionally exclusive cultures of humanities (interpretive) and natural sciences (rational)

2018's ten emerging ethical dilemmas and policy issues in S&T

1. Helix - A digital app store designed to help you read your genome. 2. The Robot Priest - BlessU-2 and Pepper are the first robot priest and monk, respectively. 3. Emotion-Sensing Facial Recognition - Optimizing retail experiences by assessing your reactions. 4. Ransomware - Holding data hostage until you pay up, whether you're an individual or a large corporation. 5. The Textalyzer - A new tool in the battle against texting and driving that tells cops if you were on your phone before an accident. 6. Social Credit Systems - China will debut theirs in 2020, but do we already live in a world where online reputation is king? 7. Google Clips - This little camera will watch you all day and capture your most picturesque moments. 8. Sentencing Software - There are already Americans being sentenced with the help of a mysterious algorithm. 9. The Rise of Robot Friendship - Can we create a chat bot out of our loved ones' old texts and social media posts? 10. The Citizen App - Live crime reporting

President Ferdinand Marcos' Administration

Established the following agencies: - Philippine Coconut Research Institute (PCRI) - Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI) - Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) - National Grains Authority (NGA) - Philippine Council for Agricultural Research (PCAR) - Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical & Astronomical Services Admin (PAG-ASA) - Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) - Plant Breeding Institute (PBI) - International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) - Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) - Bureau of Forest Products (BFP) - National Committee on Geological Sciences (NCGS) - National Science Development Board (NSDB) - National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) - Established the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) in 1976 - Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the Philippine Science High School were built and operated.

Hasan Ibn Al-Haytham

Father of Modern Optics

President Benigno Aquino's Administration (2010-2016)

In 2014, President Benigno Aquino III conferred new National Scientists: - Gavino C. Trono for Marine Biology, studied seaweed species - Angel C. Alcala for Biological Science, pioneered on coral reefs - Ramon C. Barba for Horticulture, changed the seasonal supply of mangoes - Edgardo D. Gomez for Marine Biology, spearheaded the assessment of damaged coral reefs and their conservation

Indus River Valley

In India, about 4,000 years ago, civilization arose

the Mesopotamian region

Iraq (Sumeria), Iran (Persia), Syria, Kuwait, Turkey and others

Hinduism and Buddhism

Is the 2 religions that was birthed in India

Middle Ages (450 AD - 1450 AD)

Major advances in scientific and technological development, including a steady increase of new inventions, introduction of innovations in traditional production, and emergence of scientific thinking and method, had taken place. Many medieval universities at the time stirred scientific thinking and provided infrastructure for scientific communities to flourish. Some of humanity's most important, present-day technologies could be traced back to historical antecedents in the Middle Ages.

Other civilization at Mesoamerica

Maya, Aztec and Inca civilizations at around 900-1500 AD

Inventions of Filipino Scientists

The Philippines boasts of its own history and tradition of scientific and technological innovation. Filipino scientists have long been known for their ingenuity. As with all other inventions, necessity has always been the mother of Philippine inventions. Most Filipino inventions appealed to the unique social and cultural context of the archipelagic nation. Even during the ancient period, our Filipino ancestors developed scientific and technological innovations focused on navigation, traditional shipbuilding, textiles, food processing, indigenous arts and techniques, and even cultural inventions.

Olmec civilization

The earliest Mesoamerican civilization at around 1200 BC

Africa

The lineage and culture of achievements have emerged at least 40,000 years ago by the present-day people of Zaire, Nigeria, Kenya, Mali, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Egypt.

Ancient Period (2.5 million years ago - 450 AD)

The rise of ancient civilizations paved the way for advances in S&T. The advances in S&T during the ancient period allowed civilizations to flourish by finding better ways of living, communication, transportation, and self-organization.

Hinduism

based on the sacred books called Vedas and the people were divided based on the caste system.

Mesoamerica

contributed greatly in terms of agriculture. As early as 7,000 BC they were cultivating beans, corn, squash, cacao as well as cotton plants and rubber trees.