Studies in Leadership Final Exam

True or False? Based on our lecture, it is generally in your best interest to wait until your annual or semi-annual performance review to ask for feedback.

False

True or False? Based on this week's lecture, personal appeals are another term for inspirational appeals.

False

True or False? Based on this week's lecture, pressure can be thought of as a form of participative leadership.

False

True or False? Based on this week's lecture, the original trait approach (i.e., direct effects models) is generally well supported by research.

False

True or False? Direct influence includes secondhand communications.

False

True or False? Higher levels of positive emotions have been associated with working slowly, taking too many breaks, and wasting company resources.

False

True or False? If a behavior is unethical, then it is also illegal.

False

True or False? Research has informed us that negative feedback is less common via email, as opposed to face-to-face.

False

True or False? Research shows that those who proactively seek more feedback are less likely to receive promotions.

False

True or False? Research shows us that individuals are 8 times more likely to be perceived as rude and impulsive when communicating face-to-face as opposed to electronically.

False

True or False? To be the most effective leader possible, it's better to be feared than to be loved.

False

Based on our lecture, which of the following statements is false about rational persuasion?

None of the above

Which of the following is false about having an internal locus of control, including taking personal accountability for undesirable outcomes?

None of the above

True or False? Similar outcomes can be accomplished with different leadership behaviors.

True

True or False? The Normative Decision Model is the most consistently supported contingency approach to leader decision making.

True

True or False? We can fulfill the role of both leader and follower at the same time, and in the same relationship.

True

True or False? When someone's words are not consistent with his/her facial expressions or body language, facial expressions and body language are typically given more weight.

True

Based on this week's lecture, which of the following would be best for increasing referent power?

A) Building relationships.

Once upon a time, in a face-to-face class, Dr. Alipour gave a stern warning to his students. He said, "If I catch you cheating, I will fail you!" This example best illustrates which type of power?

A) Coercive Power

The idea that leadership is an "influence process" and/or "social process" refers to which of the following statements?

A) Holistically, leadership involves social interactions and reciprocal influence between leaders and followers.

Based on this week's lecture, what was the primary focus of the "Great Man" approach to leadership?

A) Identifying the traits historical leaders shared and were thought to be predictive of effective leadership.

Based on this week's lecture, what is the purpose of the Normative Decision Model?

A) It allows leaders to better understand when and to what extent followers should be included in decision-making.A) It allows leaders to better understand when and to what extent followers should be included in decision-making.

Based on our lecture, why should you ask questions, as a leader?

All of the above

Which of the following statements, about influence tactics, is false?

A) Rational persuasion is least effective when combined with expert power.

Based on this week's lecture, which of the following is true about leadership?

A) Researchers, to this day, often define leadership in many different ways.

Based on our lecture, which of the following is consistent with active listening?

All of the above

Based on this week's lecture, which of the following is a primary focus of modern trait approaches to leadership?

B) Fixed or stable characteristics of leaders that indirectly predict leadership effectiveness.

Based on this week's lecture, select the statement that best defines leadership.

B) Influencing others toward shared goals.

Based on our lecture, what can we do to overcome pike syndrome?

B) Remain flexible and consider alternative options.

Which of the following is true about influence tactics?

B) The likelihood of success will increase if more than one highly effective tactic is used, at the same time.

Based on the entirety of this week's lecture, which is considered best practice with respect to using leadership styles?

B) We should use behaviors from multiple leadership styles, simultaneously, provided that these styles are relevant to the situation.

Which of the following statements is true about Laissez-Faire leadership?

C) Laissez-Faire leadership is generally ineffective.

Based on research, which of the following types of power is suggested to be most important for leadership effectiveness?

C) Personal power.

Based on this week's lecture, which is the primary reason that contingency theories of leadership were developed?

C) Researchers wanted to understand why previously identified traits and behaviors, for leaders, were not effective in all situations.

Based on our lecture, empathy is an aspect of which component of emotional intelligence?

C) Social awareness

Based on this week's lecture, the behavior approach to leadership originally focused on which of the following two leadership styles?

C) Task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership.

Select the statement below that best defines power, as highlighted in our lecture.

C) The potential to influence others.

Which of the following is true about making inspirational appeals, based on the totality of our Influence Tactics lecture?

C) We should try to combine inspirational appeals with other influence tactics.

Based on this week's lecture, the behavior approach to leadership originally and primarily focused on which of the following?

C) What effective managers actually do at work.

Based on our lecture, what can we do to overcome the fundamental attribution error?

D) Both A and B.

Based on our lecture, which of the following is true about those with more of an internal locus of control?

D) Both A and B.

Based on our lecture, which of the following statements is true?

D) Both A and B.

Based on our lecture, which outcomes are more likely for individuals who have higher levels of emotional intelligence?

D) Both A and B.

Dan likes to threaten his subordinates to make sure they perform up to par. Recently, he implemented an attendance system that costs employees $2 for every minute they are late to work. Based on this information, Dan has which type(s) of power?

D) Both A and B.

Morgan was recently hired as a People Analyst at Google. As part of her new job, she has a large degree of input over how much her subordinates get paid. Based on this information, we can determine that she has which type(s) of power?

D) Both A and B.

Which of the following is true about pressure tactics, based on our Influence Tactics lecture?

D) Both A and B.

Based on our lecture, how can we identify our weaknesses and potential blind spots?

D) Both A and C.

Based on our lectures, what are the benefits of active listening?

D) Both B and C.

Based on our lecture, which of the following is false?

D) Identifying the other side's facial expressions, to determine how they're feeling, demonstrates the relationship management component of emotional intelligence.

Based on this week's lecture, which of the following behaviors is typically considered relationship-oriented?

D) Providing developmental opportunities.

Based on this week's lecture, which leadership style is NOT mentioned in path goal theory?

D) Transformational leadership.

Based on our lecture, when is unethical behavior more likely?

E) All of the above.

Based on this week's lecture, before determining how to effectively influence others, we must first consider which of the following?

E) All of the above.

Based on this week's lecture, how do we define ethics?

E) Appropriate conduct, based on the norms of society.

Based on this week's lecture, path-goal theory primarily addresses which of the following topics with respect to leadership?

E) Both A and C.

Please answer the following question, based on this week's lecture. Effective leader behaviors, in the Ohio State and Michigan studies, were based on which of the following criteria?

E) Both B and C.

True or False? A person can be a leader, even if they have no followers.

False

Carlos is the top executive at his company. He frequently shares his vision, face-to-face, with those in upper management. Upper management shares this vision with middle management, and middle management shares the vision with lower management. This form of direct to indirect influence is referred to as:

E) Cascading.

Based on our lecture, when is it considered best practice to use coercive power?

E) Coercive power should only be used in extreme circumstances, such as ethical violations.

Based on our lecture, which leadership style should you consider adopting if you desire to promote more ethical behaviors from your subordinates?

E) Ethical leadership

Based on our lecture, which of the following statements is true about expert and referent power?

E) None of the above.

Based on our lectures, which of the following statements about positive and negative emotions is false?

E) None of the above.

Based on this week's lecture, which of the following statements is true?

E) None of the above.

Based on our lecture, power types are often broadly grouped into which of the following categories?

F) B and D.

True or False? According to the Normative Decision Model, when time is NOT critical, we should consider developing our followers' decision-making skills.

True

True or False? Based on our lecture, anger and envy are examples of negative emotions.

True

True or False? Based on this week's lecture, role modeling can be considered both a task-oriented and relationship-oriented leader behavior.

True

True or False? Positive emotions can stimulate more flexible and open-minded thinking.

True

True or False? Relationship-oriented leadership has been found to increase subordinates' motivation and job satisfaction.

True

True or False? Research suggests that there are often multiple viable options that a leader can use to solve a particular problem.

True

Which of the following is true about sensegiving, based on this week's lecture?

all of the above

True or False? Although genetic components do play a role in one's potential to be an effective leader, the information acquired through life experiences will also play a substantial role.

true