Study guide 54

Which term most accurately describes age - related changes of the neurologic system ?

As neurons are lost with aging , there is deterioration in neurologic function .

What is the cardinal sign of increased intracranial pressure in a brain injured patient ?

Decrease in the level of consciousnes

The nurse is caring for a patient with multiple sclerosis . Which appropriate nursing care should be implemented ?

Encouraging a well - balanced diet high in fiber and adequate fluids

Which autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction is characterized by fluctuating weakness of certain muscle groups

Myasthenia gravis

The newly admitted patient to the emergency room 30 minutes ago after a fall off a ladder has gradually de creased in consciousness and has slowly reacting pupils , a widening pulse pressure , and verbal responses that are slow and unintelligible . What is the most appropriate position for the patient ?

Neck placed in a neutral position

Why are the drugs neostigmine ( Prostigmin ) and pyridostigmine ( Mestinon ) helpful to the person with myasthenia gravis ?

Promotes nerve impulse transmission

The nurse explains to a patient and family that the triad of signs of Parkinson disease is _________rigidity , and bradykinesia .

Tremor

A patient is in which stage of Alzheimer disease when she demonstrates " sundowning " ?

Final stage/Late

The nurse explains that the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system work to maintain homeostasis . Which action is the first autonomic event following a stressful or frightening event ?

Heart rate and blood pressure rise , secretion of adrenaline

The nurse assures an anxious family member of a 92 - year - old patient who is demonstrating signs of de mentia that many causes of dementia are reversible and preventable . What is one example ?

Hypotension

A ______is a diagnostic procedure used to identify lesions by observing the flow of radiopaque dye through the subarachnoid space ..

Myelogram

The nurse is taking care of a patient who suddenly begins to have a seizure . Which action is the appropriate nursing response ?

Observe and record the seizure activity .

A patient , age 45 , is to have a myelogram to confirm the presence of a bemiated intervertebral disk . Which nursing action should be planned with respect to this diagnostic test ?

Obtain an allergy history before the test

What Glasgow Coma Scale rating would a patient receive who opens the eyes spontaneously , but has in comprehensible speech and obeys commands for movement ?

12

Which technique is necessary for safely feeding a patient with hemiplegia ? ( Select all that apply . )

Checking the affected side of mouth for food accumulation, Offering small bites of food, Adding a thickening agent to liquids

Which activity is the reticular activating system ( RAS essential to ? ( Select all that apply . )

Concentration Wakefulness Attention Introspection

A frantic family member is distressed about the flaccid paralysis of her son following a spinal cord injury several hours ago . What does the nurse know about this condition ?

It is possibly a temporary condition and will clear

As the result of a stroke , a patient has difficulty discerning the position of his body without looking at it . In the nurse's documentation , which would best describe the patient's inability to assess spatial position of his body ?

Loss of Proprioception

Which effect is a factor of normal aging on the nervous system ? ( Select all that apply )

Loss of neurons, Reduction of cerebral blood flow, Lipofuscin, Decrease in oxygen use

Following a myelogram the nurse should include in the postprocedure care assessment for

Loss of sensation in lower extremities

_____is/ are responsible for the transmission of impulses between synapses

Neurotransmitters

For which reason is the patient with suspected Guillain - Barre Syndrome ( GBS hospitalized immediately ?

The disease can rapidly progress into respiratory failure

Why is the patient with suspected Guillain - Barre Syndrome ( GBS ) hospitalized immediately ?

The disease can rapidly progress into respiratory failure

The nurse is caring for a home health patient who had a spinal cord injury at C5 three years ago . The nurse bases the plan of care on the knowledge that the patient will be able to :

feed self with setup and adaptive equipment .

An 83 - year - old patient has had a stroke . He is right - handed and has a history of hypertension and little strokes . He presents with right hemiplegia . To afford him the best visual field , the nurse should approach him

from the left side

A family member of a patient who has just suffered a tonic - clonic seizure is concerned about the patient's deep sleep . What is this behavior called ?

Postical period

A patient has recently suffered a stroke with left - sided weakness and has problems with choking , especially when drinking thin liquids . What nursing interventions would be most helpful in assisting this patient to swal low safely ?

Tuck chin when swallowing

What is the cranial nerve that supplies most of the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities and also carries motor fibers to glands that produce digestive juices and other secretions ?

Vagus nerve

The nurse is caring for a patient who is being evaluated for a neurologic spoken word Which term would the nurse use to document this problem ? disorder . The patient is not able to comprehend the written or

Receptive aphasia

What is the nurse aware of when assessing a person with a craniocerebral injury ?

Signs and symptoms may not occur until several days after the trauma

A patient with a spinal cord injury at TI complains of stuffiness of the nose and a headache . The muse notes a flushing of the neck and " goose flesh . " What should be the primary nursing intervention based on these assessments ?

Sit upright and check blood pressure

Which question is likely to elicit the most valid response from the patient who is being interviewed about a neurologic problem ?

" Can you describe the sensations you are having ?"

What are surgical navigational systems ?

Computerized devices that guide the surgeon

The nurse is aware that the drug t - PA ( Activase ) , a tissue plasminogen activator , must be given in bours of the onset of symptoms to have maximum benefit

3 hours

6. The nurse is aware that when assessing a patient by the FOUR score coma scale , the patient is assessed in four categories : eye response , brainstem reflexes , motor response , and respiration . How are these results reported ?

As individual scores in each category

How would a nurse record the behavior when a patient with Alzheimer disease attempts to eat using a nap kin rather than a fork ?

Agnosia

What does the marse know about the stroke patient who has expressive aphasia ?

Can understand the spoken wond , but cannot speak

What are the two divisions of the nervous system ?

Central and the peripheral

Which finding is the earliest sign of increased intracranial pressure ?

Change in level of consciousness ( LOC )

What is the first sign of Bell's palsy ?

Inability to wrinkle forehead and pucker lips in affected side

A patient has been recently diagnosed with Parkinson Which information is correct in addressing the spouse's questions ? disease . The patient's spouse asks the nurse numerous questions about the disease

Parkinson disease is a syndrome of bradykinesia , rigidity , tremor and impaired postural reflexes

The nurse will implement which nursing intervention for patient with increased intracranial pressure ? ( Select all that apply . )

Place neck in neutral position . Teach patient to avoid Valsalva maneuver Position patient to avoid flexion of hips , waist , and neck . Suction only as necessary , but no longer than 10 seconds .

What should the nurse do when the child arrives on the floor with the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis ?

Place the child in respiratory isolation

Which symptom is specific to migraine headaches ?

They are preceded by an aura

How would the nurse instruct a patient with Parkinson disease to improve activity level ?

To walk with hands clasped behind back to help bulance

Which is a sign of Cushing response ? ( Select all that apply . )

Widened pulse pressure, Bradycardia, Increased systolic blood pressure

Which food should the person who experiences migraine headactics avoid select all that apply

Yogurt Caffeine Marinated foods

The waxy substance that covers the neuron fibers and increases the rate of transmission of impulses is the

myelin

What is the nurse assessing when asking the patient , " Who is the president of the United States during a level of consciousness assessment ?

Fund of knowledge

The newly admitted patient to the emergency room after a motorcycle accident has serosanguineous drainage coming from the nose . What is the most appropriate nursing response to this assessment ?

Gently wipe nose with absorbent grauze

A patient is going provider states that the intracranial blood vessels . In test involves the use of preparing to answer for a diagnostic test . The nurse listens as the differential radio the patient's questions waves and health care provider further , which magnetic field explains the procedure to the signals to visualize diagnostic test will the nurse address ? flowing blood to evaluate patient .

Magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA )

What is the purpose of a " drug holiday " in the treatment of Parkinson disease ?

Restart drugs at a lower dosage with favorable results

Involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes with oscillations that may be horizontal , vertical , or mixed movements , is called

nystagmus

The nurse is aware that the characteristic gait of the person with Parkinson disease is a propulsive gait which causes the patient to

shuffle with arms flexed

What is the basic problem that prompts most of the early signs of Alzheimer disease ?

Memory loss that disrupts daily life

Which neurotransmitter primarily affects motor function and is involved in gross subconscious movements of the skeletal muscles ?

Dopamine