STUDY GUIDE HISTORY 1

How did Manifest Destiny impact America's Settlement of the West post-Civil War to 1890?

Made the issue of slavery worse by adding more states and causing a large division between north and south

Describe the rise of Theodore Roosevelt in American Politics. What was his history? How did he become iconic? What position did he hold prior to the Spanish American War and why did he resign it? Why did he start the "Rough Riders" and what/who were they? What did they contribute in the War? How did it cement Theodore Roosevelt as an American Hero?

Theodore Roosevelt was a progressive and an important figure in the progressivism movement. He became a leader in New York politics at a young age. He was iconic for all his achievements in history. Theodore was the Assistant secretary of the Navy. He resigned in 1989 to organize the Rough Riders which was a nickname given to the first US volunteer group of soldiers, who fought in the Spanish- American War. The rough Riders captured Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill and this ended the Spanish American War. This made him a American Hero

What were the causes of the U.S. entry into WWI? HOW did they cause it? What was the result of American entry into the war?

America entered the war in 1917 by declaring war on Germany. This happened because of the attack on Lusitania when Germany was sinking many of the USA's ships. America entering the war was the "turning point" because it made the defeat over Germany possible

Describe American "Imperialism" from 1880 through the 19-teens.

American imperialism is the expansion of American political, economic, cultural, and media influence going past the boundaries of the US. Imperialism affected the colonies in America at the time by preventing development. The native culture and industry was destroyed due to it. It got rid of local industries and when using the colonies as a source for manufactured goods/materials this also put a halt on further developing industries in the colonies.

How did Farming change from the end of the Civil War until 1890? What was the Granger Movement? Cooperatives? What was farmers stance on tariffs, currency, and regulating interstate Commerce? Why? How did Farming grievances contribute to the rise of "Populism"?

Before the civil war there was slavery and plantations after it was sharecropping and tenant farming. The grange movement was founded in 1867 by Oliver Hudson Kelley and its intent was to bring farmers together to discuss farming styes to fix the issue of widespread issues with farming. Cooperatives is a farm or organization that is owned by members who share profits and benefits. Small farmers favored the interstate commerce act because they felt as if railroads charged them higher then large corporations, so farmers were not for tariffs. Farming grievances contributed because of deflation, falling farm prices, high tariffs, high rail shipping rates and that is what populism wanted to fix

What was Big Stick Diplomacy? Dollar Diplomacy? Moral Diplomacy? With whom is each associated? How are they similar/different? How did each form and impact America's foreign policy and Imperialism?

Big stick diplomacy was made by Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy that was threating the use of military force in Latin America. Moral diplomacy's principle was "self-determination" which is the moral right of people to choose their own form of government and leaders by democratic elections. Dollar diplomacy is the use of country financial power to extend its international influence. Dollar diplomacy is associated with William Howard Taft. Theodore Roosevelt is associated with the big stick diplomacy. Moral diplomacy is associated with President Woodrow Wilson. They all advocated for minimized use of military power. President Roosevelt brokerd an agreement for an American-led canal through Panama, this expanded American influence in Cuba and negotiated a peace treaty between Japan and Russia. Dollars diplomacy allowed the US to gain financially from other countries but also restrained other foreign countries from reaping any sort of financial gain. Wilsons Moral diplomacy replaced the dollar diplomacy , it empowered developing nations in becoming self-sustained and democratic

How did Manifest Destiny impact the Mining, Railroad, and Ranching Industries

By expanding and making all three industries grow such as the transcontinental railroad impacting the railroad industry

What was Manifest Destiny?

Manifest Destiny was the idea that the US is destined by God to go westward. It was also the belief passed down there cultural belief where American settlers were destined to expand across the new America

What was the impact of Ranching on Western Settlement? What were the cultural, economic, and geographical clashes over Ranching? When was the apex of the Ranching industry and when and why did it see a decline?

It gave more food sources and introduced cowboys. Cowboys helped manifest destiny because they helped run the ranches and keep them going.

What was the impact of Mining on Western Settlement? Native Americans? Immigration? The economy?

Mining caused flooding in towns and farm land due to rock dust dumped into river beds which caused slit deposits downstream that flooded towns and farm lands this impacts native Americans homes , caused more immigration and expanded the amount of agriculture

Why were negotiations after WWI so controversial, both internationally and domestically? What was the Treaty of Versailles? What was America's involvement in the treaty? What were the controversies surrounding the treaty? What were Wilson's "Fourteen Points" and were they realized? What led to the creation of the "League of Nations?" What was America's role? Why did Congress not approve the Treaty of Versailles? Why did America not participate in the League of Nations? What did that mean for the success or failure of the League?

Negotiations became so controversial due to the treaty of Versailles. The treaty was a so called "war threat" making it seem like Germany and other central powers to take the blame for WW1. This was bad for a lot of reasons and meant a loss of territories, reduction in military forces and reparation payments to allied powers. The US refused to ratify the treaty. The republicans in the senate were unhappy that Wilson had not included them in the negotiations and refused to vote in favor of the treaty. Wilsons "fourteen points" were points that supported the idea of lasting peace. The points were focused arounf trade, equality, ending of secret treaties, alliances, freedom of the seas and the establishment of the League of Nations. The league of nations was created because the world needed peace after ww1. The US never joined the League of Nations. Congress rejected the treaty of Versailles because they believed it would interfere with US soverignety and the power that congress had to declare war. Because of this the US did not join the league of nations. Without America there was not enough resources to form a formidable standing army. The league of nations failed because its intention was to prevent another world war but two decades later there was another world war.

How did American society view the role of government before 1880? How did "New Immigration" impact that viewpoint? By the 1890s, how had Americans' view of the role of government shifted? Why?

The American society at the time saw the government as quite respectful and trusted. The "New Immigration" changed this because the government that was ran by people wasn't anymore and people felt disrespected by this. The reason this law was needed in the first place was because of the increase of immigration population in the US causing more laws and regulations to be put into place. The government became stricter which caused the shift in the view of the government

1. What was the Monroe Doctrine? What was the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and how did that shift American foreign policy and involvement? How did the Corollary lead to increased American presence in the Caribbean and South America? What conflicts resulted from the Policy?

The Monroe Doctrine was a foreign policy statement put in place in 1823. It created separate spheres of European and American influence. The US basically promised to stay out of European business and told them Europeans to stay out of the western hemisphere. The Roosevelt Corollary sent a message to European and latin American nations letting them know that the US was not joking and will not take any European interference in the region and the US would police the area. The corollary asserted the right of the US to intervene into the Caribbean and South America if they wouldn't pay their debts so that's what they did. The Monroe Doctrine led to limiting outside interference within the western hemisphere, but at the cost of generating disdain from the Americans.

How long was the Spanish American War and how many deaths? What were the results? How did it cement America as a World power and a Naval threat? Describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1898). What were the consequences of the Spanish American War? What were the Platt Amendment and Teller Amendment? How did they impact America's relations with Cuba? What was the Philippine Insurgency? How was it caused by the ending of the Spanish American War? What was the result? What type of relationship developed between the Philippines and the U.S? What territories did America acquire as a result of the Spanish American War and how did the war impact American expansion into the Caribbean and the Pacific?

The Spanish American war lasted around 10 weeks. 3,000 Americans died due to the war but only a small number of soldiers died in combat. Because Spain's navy was weak and this put a lot of pressure on both sides, showing the US determination. The US gained world power, Cuba was now independent from Spain, the US gained power of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. The treaty of Paris (1898) it established the independence of Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the US, allowed the victories power to purchase the Philippines islands from Spain for 20 million. The teller amendment was more of a rule created by congress that the US couldn't annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War. The Platt amendment was the treaty in the U.S and Cuba that was an attempt to protect Cuba and their independence from foreign intervention. The amendments made it where the US had the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban Independence. The Philippine Insurgency was an armed military conflict between the Philippines and the United States. The ending of the Spanish American War started this because it delayed Philippine independence causing a large amount of Filipino population at the US border. The insurgency led to the succession of the Philippines from the Spanish Empire. The US and Philippine relationship were a security alliance. The US acquired Puerto Rico and Guam. The war made a clearer path towards the Caribbean and Pacific and the US now knew what to do.

1. Why did the U.S. have a growing interest in China in the late 19th century? Who conceived the "Open Door" Policy and what was it? Was the world initially receptive to the idea? Why or why not? How did it become recognized eventually and what did that international recognition mean for the U.S.?

The US had growing interest in China because England refused to deal with Americans and the Chinese preferred to work with Americans regarding goods. The open-door policy was created by Secretary of state John Hay and was intended to keep China from being divided up, to create cooperative collective system, protect Chinas markets and prevent disputes between the powers who operated China. People were not eager for the Open Door Policy. People reacted by increasing foreign influence in China and led to anti-foreign and anti-colonial sentiment in the country. After World War 1 the policy became more known and liked, this made the US be able to expand its markets for industrialized goods.

1. Why did the U.S. want access to Hawaii? What is the history of American involvement there? How was the acquisition of Hawaii acquired? What happened? How was the acquisition fueled by tariffs? Who pushed for it? Who objected to it? How did the Spanish American War impact it? How did it impact American Imperialism and the American Economy?

The US wanted Hawaii because it had natural sugar and the US wanted to make plantations out of the sugar from Hawaii. The US annexed Hawaii in 1898, Hawaii was made a territory in 1900. The Newlands resolution was what acquisition. The acquisition was fuled by tariffs because it was going to make the US more money. William McKinley the president at the time was pushing for the annexation of Hawaii. President Cleveland opposed the annexation of Hawaii and so did the Queen of Hawaii. The Spanish American war spurred up Nationalism giving the US more reason to annex Hawaii. Hawaii eventually had many economic treaties and all of the treaties built up to Americans moving to Hawaii and operating Hawaii making the economy in America better.

What were the Causes of the Spanish American War? What was the state of relations between the U.S. and Spain? Why did the U.S. want Spain out of Cuba and access to the Island? What was "Yellow Journalism?" How did Yellow Journalism contribute to the start of the war? Describe the circumstances surrounding the sinking of the USS Maine. How did it help lead to war? Who objected to the war and why

The causes of the American civil war are the U.S. supporting Cuba's independence, wanting to protect U.S. business interests in Cuba, Yellow Journalism and the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine. The U.S. established diplomatic relations in 1783 with Spain. America supported the Cuban and Filipinos against Spanish rule. Yellow journalism is journalism that is based purely upon sensationalism and uses exaggeration to attract readers to sell the newspaper. Yellow journalism exaggerated news reports of event and this turned the people of the IS against Spain. The US ship sunk on February 15,1898 , it protected American interests, why it exploded was a mystery and no one knows why but this showed the US' passions against Spain. Anti-imperialists were opposed to the Spanish- American War.

What was the Dawes Act? When? Why was it passed? What was its intention? Did it result in the "stealing" of land from Native Americans and if so, how? How did it impact Tribal identity? How did it impact Native American land ownership?

The dawn act was an act to make treatment of native Americans as individuals instead of members of tribe. It was approved on February 8, 1887. It was passed to protect American Indians property rights. It stripped over 90 million acres of tribal land then they sold it to non-native US citizens. This took away land from Native Americans

What was the impact of the Railroad Industry on Western Settlement? Native Americans? Immigration? The economy?

The railroad industry impacted western settlement by continuing to build railroads. The railroad industry made getting resources from the east easier. It made native American tribes have faster access to new territories. This made new economic opportunities possible while made more development of towns and communities increase while making the country united.