Study Guide Part 3

Which of the following is the LEAST useful thing to say to a person who is grieving?

"Things always work out for the best."

Which of the following is MOST likely to be a useful thing to say when helping someone who is grieving?

"This must be painful for you."

Which of the following describes a person in Marcia's identity achievement status of foreclosure?

A person who has accepted the identity given to them by others.

Which of the following is an example of learned helplessness?

A young child who doesn't cry because no one ever responds.

Which of the following is the acronym used in the book for decision making?

ACTION

According to Kübler-Ross, which stage of grieving involves feeling guilty even if the person had nothing to do with the death?

Bargaining

Why is it important to clarify values?

Because they affect everything you think, feel, and do.

What is flow?

Being absorbed in a task so completely that you lose track of time.

What is self-efficacy?

Being confident about our ability to solve problems.

Which of the following defeats the purpose of leisure time?

Carefully planning leisure time so that you can pack in as much as possible.

What is cognitive restructuring?

Changing how you think about a situation

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of emotion-focused coping?

Changing the situation that is causing the problem

Which of the following is NOT a category of psychological disorder?

Cognitive

According to Kübler-Ross, what is the order of stages when dealing with death?

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.

Which of the following is NOT true about drug use?

Depressants and stimulants can be addictive; hallucinogens generally are not.

Old age requires coming to grips with the meaning of one's life.

Disorder

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main questions researchers have debated about human development?

Do people go through natural crises as they develop or is trauma in life due to one's own actions?

What is the continuity vs. discontinuity debate in human development?

Does life unfold in an orderly progression or in a series of stages?

From the section on conflict management, which of the following is one of the components of attitude adjustment?

Don't offer resistance.

Disengagement, disidentification, disenchantment, and disorientation are normal parts of dealing with which of the following?

Endings

According to Holland's career-related personality types, the realistic type would be a match to which types of occupations?

Labor, farming, truck driving, construction

According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT considered a significant childhood event?

Learning to write

Which of the following is an example of necessary losses?

Leaving good friends behind when accepting a promotion in a new city.

Obesity is related to all the following EXCEPT:

Less ability to do jobs requiring thinking.

According to Holland's career-related personality types, people who are realistic like which type of work?

Like to work outdoors, alone, and in manual activities: farming, truck driving, construction, etc.

What are marker events when talking about lifespan development?

Major events in adult life that signify a step in psychological and social growth.

What does Marcia mean by crisis and commitment?

Many adolescents spend time reexamining old values and beliefs before committing to a new identity.

How is Maslow's hierarchy of needs different from Erikson's stages of development?

Maslow stressed the satisfaction of needs as the motivator of development, while Erikson emphasized the mastery of certain tasks.

Of the following which is the BEST example of positive psychology?

Maslow's self-actualization.

Depression and bipolar disorder are included in which of the following psychological disorders?

Mood disorders

Which of the following is TRUE about the typical time frame for grieving after the loss of a loved one?

Most people don't really feel the impact of a loss until several weeks after the event.

Which of the following is TRUE about drinking alcohol?

Most violent crimes on college campuses involve alcohol.

According to Bill Bridges in his book Transitions, in which zone is it important to spend time between an ending and a new beginning?

Neutral

Which of the following is NOT one of Bill Bridges' phases of transitions?

Neutral Zone

Which of the following is TRUE about tobacco use?

Nicotine is one of the most addicting drugs one can use.

Which of the following is NOT true of obesity?

Obesity is mostly a problem of the rich countries.

Which of the following is NOT one of Bill Bridges' three guidelines when searching for meaning and purpose in life?

Old age requires coming to grips with the meaning of one's life.

Which of the following is NOT one of Bill Bridges' three rules for transitions?

One cannot fulfill higher personal growth if basic needs aren't met.

Which of the following is part of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

People can only fulfill their potential when they have satisfied their basic needs.

Which of the following was NOT true of our society a century ago?

People were more mobile.

How does the book define resilience?

Personal characteristics that enable a person to successfully handle negative experiences.

What is Barbara Frederickson's broaden-and-build model as it applies to positive psychology?

Positive emotions lead to a broader range of actions, which in turn build more resources, which again build more positive feelings.

From the section on conflict management, which of the following is NOT one of the suggestions for attitude adjustment?

Present more facts to support your point of view.

Which of the following is NOT true about leisure time?

Watching TV is a good use of leisure time because you can turn off your mind.

Which of the following is one reason we engage in self-defeating behavior?

We are afraid of what would happen if we did reach our goal.

Which of the following is TRUE of life cycle changes over the past 50 years?

We take longer to become adults.

Which of the following is NOT true of life cycle changes over the past 50 years?

We're having babies sooner.

The term necessary losses refers to what?

When a new door opens, something must be left behind.

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for deciding when to end therapy?

When all your difficulties have been resolved.

Why is it important to understand Holland's career-related personality types?

When people find careers that fit their personality type they are happier.

Which of the following describes the integrity versus despair stage of development according to Erikson?

When people in late adulthood look back and evaluate what they have done with their lives.

In which of the following situations would you use emotion-focused coping instead of problem-focused coping?

When you are trying to manage the emotional distress resulting from a natural disaster.

A "self-defeating behavior" is when you say you want something and then . . .

do the very things that ensure it doesn't happen.

The book used many terms that meant the same thing as "self-defeating behavior." Which of the following was NOT one of them?

self-eficiacy

What is the biopsychosocial model of health?

Biological, psychological, and social factors interact to influence one's health.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of ADD?

Bulimia

Which of the following kills Americans more than contagious diseases?

Lifestyle

What are values?

Our ideals and goals.

Which of the following is NOT one of the major causes of the obesity epidemic as described in the book?

Stress

According to the Healthy Eating Pyramid, which of the following should be eaten "in abundance"?

Vegetables

Which of the following is NOT true of the Healthy Eating Pyramid?

All kinds of fats should rarely be eaten.

What is a marker event when talking about lifespan development?

An even that demarcates stages of adult life.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four tasks of grieving according to William Worden?

Analyze the necessary losses.

What does the A in ACTION stand for?

Analyze the situation and gather information.

Which of the following BEST describes the Two-for-One Principle?

Associate with excitement and dissociate from disappointment.

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors Vaillant found to be related to successful adjustment in old age?

Avoiding bad events.

What does the C in ACTION stand for?

Consider alternative solutions

According to Holland's personality type theory, which of the following is the type that usually functions best in well-structured circumstances?

Conventional

Which of the following is NOT one of the traits that foster inner happiness?

Creativity

The acronym ACTION is used in the book to describe steps in which of the following processes?

Decision making

Which of the following is NOT true of life cycle changes over the past 50 years?

Fewer couples are having babies in their 40s.

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-efficacy?

Finding excuses if something doesn't work.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an adult marker event?

First date

According to Maslow, which of the following need(s) must be met first?

Food, water, air, sleep, and sex

What do self-handicapping behavior and passive self-defeat accomplish for people?

Gives them an external excuse if they don't succeed.

When going through life transitions, which of the following is NOT a suggestion for how to best use the neutral zone?

Go to a party.

According to the book, self-esteem, personal control, sociability, and optimism are related to which of the following?

Happiness

What is subjective well-being?

Having positive feelings about one's life.

Which of the following causes the most deaths per year in the U.S.?

Heart disease, cancer, and stroke

What is important about successfully dealing each of Erikson's stages of development?

How we handle each stage influences our ability to successfully deal with choices later in life.

From the section on conflict management, what does it mean to let go of the need to be right?

If you are interested only in proving your point or proving someone else wrong, resolution of a problem will be difficult.

What is positive psychology?

It aims to use psychological principles to improve health and well-being.

Which of the following is NOT true of positive psychology?

It emphasizes problems, weaknesses, and disorders.

According to Bill Bridges, why is the neutral zone important?

It is usually only during the time of transitions in life that we have the opportunity to consider what we want to do next with our lives.

Which of the following is NOT one of the attributes of learned helplessness?

Refusal to give in to demands.

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of problem-focused coping?

Relaxation techniques

Which of the following is NOT a type of coping strategy?

Self-affirming

From the book, which of the following is NOT one of the five ways people establish meaning in their lives?

Self-analysis

Which of the following is NOT an example of a self-handicapping behavior?

Setting a goal that is so high that it is impossible to achieve.

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-defeating behavior?

Setting goals

Which of the following is NOT a way described in the book to develop self-efficacy?

Teach yourself relaxation techniques.

What does Maslow mean by self-actualization?

The inner motivation to fulfill one's potential.

What does Marcia's Theory of Identity Achievement attempt to describe?

The manner in which adolescents explore and finally decide on who they want to be and how they fit in.

Which of the following best describes the trend in tobacco use?

The rate of cigarette smoking has leveled off at about 20% of adults.

According to Bill Bridges, what are the two signs that one is ready to leave the neutral zone and move to a new beginning?

The reaction of your friends and your own certainty that you've found a path you want to follow.

Which of the following describes the neutral zone according to Bill Bridges?

The time between an ending and new beginning in which it is useful to consider where you are now and what you would like to do next.

Which of the following does the book say is NOT one of the main areas studied by positive psychology?

The two-for-one principle.

Which of the following does NOT reflect Erik Erikson's stages of development theory?

There are ten stages of human development over the life span.

What does the book say is the importance of cultivating flow, mindfulness, and hope?

They lead to positive subjective experiences: they make you more happy.

According to the book, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of setting successful goals?

They must be creative.