study set for the quiz science quiz1: physical changes

The pH scale for acids and bases ranges from _____.

0-14

The specific heat of silver is 0.057 calories/gram°C. If 10.0 grams of silver were heated and the temperature of the sample changed by 20.0°C, how many calories of heat energy were absorbed by the sample?

11.4 calories

The latent heat of vaporization of water is 540 calories/gram. How many calories are required to completely vaporize 500 grams of water?

270,000 cal

If the specific heat of water is 1.0 calorie/gram°C, how many calories are required to raise 500 grams of water 10.0°C?

5,000 cal

The specific heat of gold is 0.031 calories/gram°C. If 10.0 grams of gold were heated and the temperature of the sample changed by 20.0°C, how many calories of heat energy were absorbed by the sample?

6.2 calories

A substance has a volume of 10.0 cm3 and a mass of 89 grams. What is its density?

8.9 g/cm3

The density of a liquid form of a material is always less than the density of the solid form of that same material

False

When a substance dissolves, it undergoes a chemical change.

False

The formula for the hydronium ion is _____.

H3O+

Which of the following is true about acids?

Most acids are sour. Most acids corrode metals. Every acid contains hydrogen.

Which chemical formula represents the hydroxide ion?

OH-

Which of the following statements is true?

The freezing and melting temperatures of a substance are the same.

The specific heat of gold is 0.031 calories/gram°C and the specific heat of silver is 0.057 calories/gram°C. If equal amounts of each metal are exposed to equal heating, which will heat up faster?

The gold will heat up almost twice as fast.

A change of state requires the addition or removal of heat energy.

True

The addition of heat energy to a system always causes the temperature of that system to increase

True

The energy required to vaporize a certain amount of a substance is greater than the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of the same amount of that substance by 1°C.

True

The properties of each state of a substance are due largely to the degree (amount) of intermolecular bonding.

True

As a solid reaches its melting point intermolecular bonds have been disrupted, causing:

a change in particle position

A substance that produces hydroxide ions when placed in water is a(n) _____.

base

The process of a material going through a change of state from a gas to a liquid is called _____.

condensation

Which of these processes take place at the same temperature?

condensation and vaporization

Which of the following will not increase the rate at which a solute dissolves?

cooling the solvent

An atom that no longer has a neutral charge is called a(n) _____.

ion

Substance A will not dissolve in water. What can be said about substance A?

it is nonpolar

The state of matter with a specific volume but no definite shape is the _____ state.

liquid

Which of the following are good ways to test whether a solution is an acid or a base?

litmus paper phenolphthalein

A solution with a pH of 7 must be _____.

neutral

The most common form of matter in the universe is _____.

plasma

If a molecule has an unequal distribution of charge in its internal structure, it is said to be _____.

polar

Polar solvents dissolve solutes and nonpolar solvents solutes.

polar, nonpolar

A phase diagram assumes ______ is kept constant.

pressure

As a pot of water boils, the temperature of the water as the water level drops

remains the same

A teaspoon of sugar is added to a glass of tea which is then stirred until no more crystals can be seen. Another teaspoon is added and stirring is continued until no more crystals can be seen. After the first teaspoon of sugar is added, the solution is _____.

unsaturated