Stupid Evans Final Exam

A frontal lobe area involved in ________ is ________ active in extraverts than in introverts. A) restraining behavior; less B) addictive cravings; more C) empathy; less D) aggression; more

A

According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the A) id. B) ego. C) superego. D) erogenous zones.

A

By exposing different parts of emotion-laden faces, researchers found that we detect anger mostly from the ________ and happiness mostly from the ________. A) eyes; mouth B) mouth; eyes C) eyes; eyes D) mouth; mouth

A

Chiana and her husband both want to feel and express greater warmth and affection for each other. They would be advised to spend time looking intently at one another's A) eyes. B) lips. C) hand gestures. D) body postures.

A

Coretta is quiet, pessimistic, anxious, and moody. In terms of the Eysencks' basic personality dimensions she would be classified as A) unstable-introverted. B) manic-depressive. C) external-dependent. D) passive-aggressive.

A

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce A) a drive. B) an instinct. C) safety needs. D) arousal.

A

Need is to ________ as drive is to ________ A) food deprivation; hunger B) motivation; incentive C) thirst; homeostasis D) instinct; incentive

A

Ongoing patterns of behavior that are different from those of most other people in your culture are best characterized as A) deviant. B) disinhibiting. C) dysfunctional. D) disorganized.

A

Scientists have isolated a gene that influences the amygdala's response to frightening situations. People with a short version of this gene have high levels of ________ available to activate amygdala neurons. A) serotonin B) dopamine C) acetylcholine D) endorphins

A

The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they A) are more willing to help others. B) make decisions more effectively. C) experience a more positive self-image. D) report greater satisfaction with their whole lives.

A

The instantaneous and automatic fear response we experience when unexpectedly stumbling upon a snake illustrates the importance of the A) amygdala. B) hypothalamus. C) pituitary gland. D) hippocampus.

A

Which of the following most accurately describes emotional arousal? A) Emotions prepare the body to fight or flee. B) Emotions are voluntary reactions to emotion-arousing stimuli. C) Because all emotions have the same physiological basis, emotions are primarily psychological events. D) Emotional arousal is always accompanied by cognition.

A

Which theory of emotion implies that every emotion is associated with a unique physiological reaction? A) James-Lange theory B) Cannon-Bard theory C) two-factor theory D) Schachter-Singer theory

A

A general sense of happiness or life satisfaction is most unrelated to whether people A) sleep well. B) are well educated. C) have a happy marriage. D) have a meaningful religious faith.

B

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the A) id to defend against the accusations and guilt feelings produced by the superego. B) ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized. C) superego when it says "I'm right!" D) id, ego, and superego in a repetitive sequence of internal conflicts.

B

According to Freud, the unconscious is A) the part of personality that cannot process information. B) the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are largely unaware. C) a set of universal concepts acquired by all humans from our common past. D) a reservoir of deeply repressed memories that does not affect behavior.

B

According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for ________. A) love; food B) adequate clothing; self-esteem C) self-actualization; friendship D) political freedom; economic security

B

According to health psychologists, which of the following would be the BEST advice or encouragement to offer someone who wants to lose excess weight? A) "Avoid complex carbohydrates like potatoes and pasta." B) "Reduce your weight gradually over a period of several months." C) "Your self-esteem will increase dramatically if you can successfully lose weight." D) "Once you lose your excess weight, you will experience a big reduction in your appetite for food."

B

After Brenda scolded her brother for forgetting to pick her up from school, the physical arousal that had accompanied her anger diminished. Which division of her nervous system mediated her physical relaxation? A) sympathetic division B) parasympathetic division C) somatic division D) peripheral nervous system

B

After receiving an unexpected A on his psychology test, Jordan was easily persuaded to baby-sit his little sister while his parents went out for dinner. This best illustrates the A) adaptation-level phenomenon. B) feel-good, do-good phenomenon. C) relative deprivation principle. D) behavior feedback effect

B

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her A) self-esteem. B) personality. C) reality principle. D) self-serving bias.

B

Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as A) the spotlight effect. B) unconditional positive regard. C) self-actualization. D) a peak experience.

B

In which country are people most likely to convey visible facial expressions of their inner feelings? A) China B) Australia C) Japan D) India

B

Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities. He often makes careless mistakes or fails to complete his work because he is easily distracted. Larry's behavior is most characteristic of A) schizophrenia. B) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. C) anxiety disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B

Most young children are fearful of bees, even though they have never been stung by one. This best illustrates that fear A) is a maladaptive response. B) can be learned through observation. C) is genetically determined. D) results from relative deprivation.

B

One way for people to improve their own subjective well-being is to A) focus more attention on themselves. B) participate in regular aerobic exercise. C) overestimate how much they can accomplish. D) do all of these things.

B

People who are exuberant and persistently cheerful show increased activity in the brain's ________, which is rich in receptors for the neurotransmitter ________. A) right frontal lobe; dopamine B) left frontal lobe; dopamine C) amygdala; serotonin D) thalamus; serotonin

B

People's moment-to-moment positive moods tend to be highest near the ________ hours of their waking day and their moment-to-moment negative moods tend to be highest near the ________ hours of their waking day. A) later; earlier B) middle; later C) later; middle D) early; middle

B

Professor Crane was ecstatic when he learned that his research study had been approved for publication. His feelings of joy quickly dissipated, however, when he heard a colleague recently had three different research articles accepted for publication. His declining emotional satisfaction is best explained in terms of A) the facial feedback effect. B) relative deprivation. C) the James-Lange theory. D) the adaptation-level phenomenon.

B

Professor Sanford explains that the need for physical safety must be met before city dwellers will be motivated to form close friendships with neighbors. Professor Sanford is providing an example of A) incentives. B) a hierarchy of motives. C) homeostasis. D) environmental stimuli.

B

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that A) emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and a cognitive label. B) the conscious experience of an emotion occurs at the same time as the body's physical reaction. C) emotional experiences are based on an awareness of the body's responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus. D) emotional ups and downs tend to balance in the long run.

B

The Thematic Apperception Test is a(n) A) analytic test. B) projective test. C) personality inventory. D) empirically derived test.

B

The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of A) projective tests. B) self-determination. C) conditional positive regard. D) objective analysis

B

The secretion of PYY __ hunger and the secretion of orexin ___ hunger A) increases; decreases B) decreases; increases C) increases; increases D) decreases; decreases

B

The secretion of PYY _________ hunger and the secretion of orexin ________ hunger. A) increases; decreases B) decreases; increases C) increases; increases D) decreases; decreases

B

The tendency to overeat when food is plentiful A) is a recent phenomenon that is associated with the luxury of having ample food. B) emerged in our prehistoric ancestors as an adaptive response to alternating periods of feast and famine. C) is greater in developed, than in developing, societies. D) is stronger in women than in men.

B

Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it. A) predicting; assessing B) describing; explaining C) changing; analyzing D) interpreting; observing

B

Which of the following have been criticized the most for offering concepts that are vague and subjective? A) behaviorists B) humanistic theorists C) personality theorists D) Freudian theorists

B

Which theorist emphasized that an individual's personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine, accepting, and empathic? A) Maslow B) Rogers C) Freud D) Skinner

B

Women show ________ facial expression of emotion than men while viewing frightening films, and they show ________ facial expression of emotion than men while viewing happy films. A) more; less B) more; more C) less; more D) less; less

B

You are on your way to school to take a big exam. Suddenly, on noticing that your pulse is racing and that you are sweating, you feel nervous. With which theory of emotion is this experience most consistent? A) Cannon-Bard theory B) James-Lange theory C) two-factor theory D) cognitive theory

B

A starving rat will interest in its food if its ___ is destroyed A) lateral thalamus B) ventromedial thalamus C) lateral hypothalamus D) ventromedial hypothalamus

C

A starving rat will lose all interest in food if its ________ is destroyed. A) lateral thalamus B) ventromedial thalamus C) lateral hypothalamus D) ventromedial hypothalamus

C

Alfred Adler was a neo-Freudian who coined the term A) oral fixation. B) collective unconscious. C) inferiority complex. D) latent content.

C

Carl Jung referred to a shared reservoir of memory traces from our species history as the A) self-reference phenomenon. B) defense mechanism. C) collective unconscious

C

Carl Rogers would have suggested that many of the defense mechanisms described by Freud are used to minimize the perceived discrepancy between A) manifest content and latent content. B) the collective unconscious and the personal unconscious. C) the actual self and the ideal self. D) an internal sense of control and an external sense of control.

C

Compared with men, women are ________ effective in discerning whether someone is telling a lie, and they are ________ effective in discerning which of two people in a photo is the other's supervisor. A) more; less B) less; more C) more; more D) less; less

C

Destruction of the ________ causes an animal to ______ A) lateral hypothalamus; overeat B) lateral hypothalamus; start eating C) ventromedial hypothalamus; overeat D) ventromedial hypothalamus; stop eating

C

Ego is to id as ________ is to ________. A) unconscious; conscious B) biology; morality C) reality principle; pleasure principle D) regression; repression

C

Feigned smiles are initiated ________ abruptly and last for a ________ time than genuine smiles. A) more; shorter B) less; longer C) more; longer D) less; shorter

C

Free association is central to the process of A) factor analysis. B) self-serving bias. C) psychoanalysis. D) reciprocal determinism.

C

Humanistic psychologists would most likely be criticized for underestimating the value of A) an internal sense of control. B) self-serving bias. C) social obligations. D) individualism.

C

If you mimic another person's facial expressions of emotion, you probably will feel increasing empathy for that person. This is best explained in terms of A) evolutionary adaptiveness. B) physiological arousal. C) the James-Lange theory. D) the spillover effect

C

In a classic experiment, obese patients whose daily caloric intake was dramatically reduced lost only 6 percent of their weight. This limited weight loss was due, at least in part, to the fact that their dietary restriction led to a(n) A) decrease in their secretion of ghrelin. B) elevation of their set points. C) decrease in their metabolic rate. D) elevation of their blood glucose levels.

C

In laboratory experiments, fear and joy A) result in an increase in heart rate. B) stimulate different facial muscles. C) increase heart rate and stimulate different facial muscles. D) result in a decrease in heart rate.

C

In the Schachter-Singer experiment, which college men reported feeling an emotional change in the presence of the experimenter's highly emotional confederate? A) those receiving epinephrine and expecting to feel physical arousal B) those receiving a placebo and expecting to feel physical arousal C) those receiving epinephrine but not expecting to feel physical arousal D) those receiving a placebo and not expecting to feel physical arousal

C

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of A) schizophrenia. B) depression. C) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. D) anorexia.

C

Individual differences in temperament suggest that the experience of fear is influenced by A) relative deprivation. B) adaptation level. C) genetic predispositions. D) catharsis.

C

Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese even though she is underweight. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of: A) bulimia nervosa. B) an abnormally high set point. C) anorexia nervosa. C) excess PYY.

C

Luciano believes that the best way to get over the anger he feels toward his high school teacher is to scream shameful profanities while hitting a punching bag. His belief best illustrates A) relative deprivation. B) the adaptation-level phenomenon. C) the catharsis hypothesis. D) positive psychology.

C

Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is A) aggressive, persistent, and intentional. B) selfish, habitual, and avoidable. C) deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional. D) biologically influenced, unconsciously motivated, and difficult to change.

C

Research with subliminally flashed stimuli supports Robert Zajonc's view that A) the heart is always subject to the mind. B) emotional reactions involve deliberate rational thinking. C) cognition is not necessary for emotion. D) responding to a subliminal stimulus is a learned skill.

C

Rosaria is upset with her husband for not putting his dirty clothes in the laundry basket. Anger experts would most likely recommend that she deal with her frustration by saying to him A) "I'm not your mother. Take some responsibility." B) "From now on I'm going to leave my dirty clothes around for you to pick up." C) "It annoys me that you leave your dirty clothes for me to pick up." D) "I refuse to make dinner until you do the laundry.

C

Schachter's and Singer's two-factor theory emphasizes that emotion involves both A) the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system. B) verbal and nonverbal expression. C) physical arousal and a cognitive label. D) universal and culture-specific aspects.

C

The facial expressions associated with particular emotions are A) learned in early childhood. B) different in Eastern and Western cultures. C) the same throughout the world. D) more similar in adults than they are in children or adolescents.

C

The famous test introduced by Hermann Rorschach asks test-takers to respond to A) frightening pictures. B) ambiguous stories. C) meaningless inkblots. D) incomplete sentences.

C

The greatest shortcoming associated with explanations of psychological disorders in terms of demon possession is that these explanations A) were relevant only to severe disorders such as schizophrenia. B) encouraged many to believe there was no such thing as insanity. C) led to some harsh and ineffective remedial treatments. D) absolved people of personal responsibility for their own behavior.

C

The most universally understood way of expressing emotion is through A) hand gestures. B) body postures. C) facial expressions. D) tone of voice.

C

The term catharsis refers to emotional A) disturbance. B) inhibition. C) release. D) adaptation.

C

To lose some of the weight she gained from binge eating, Melissa uses laxatives, exercises until she is exhausted, OR purges. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of A) anorexia nervosa. B) binge-eating disorder. C) bulimia nervosa. D) a refractory period.

C

When an organism's weight falls below its set point, the organism is likely to experience a(n) ________ in hunger and a(n) ________ in its basal metabolic rate A) increase; increase B) decrease; decrease C) increase; decrease D) decrease; increase

C

Which division of the nervous system is especially involved in bringing about emotional arousal? A) somatic nervous system B) peripheral nervous system C) sympathetic nervous system D) parasympathetic nervous system

C

Which of the following factors has been found to be clearly related to feelings of general happiness or life satisfaction? A) being well educated B) having children C) having a meaningful religious faith D) being physically attractive

C

A celebrity actress experiences ever-increasing levels of professional acclaim following each successful movie role. Yet with each success, she experiences no more than a temporary surge of subjective well-being. This is best explained in terms of the A) catharsis hypothesis. B) James-Lange theory. C) two-factor theory. D) adaptation-level phenomenon.

D

ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys. In the decade after 1987, a(n) ________ proportion of American children have been treated for this disorder. A) more; increasing B) less; decreasing C) more; decreasing D) less; increasing

D

According to Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the A) Oedipus complex. B) ego. C) id. D) superego.

D

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system A) increases salivation and increases blood pressure. B) decreases salivation and decreases blood pressure. C) increases salivation and decreases blood pressure. D) decreases salivation and increases blood pressure

D

After imagining and then writing about various tragedies, such as people being burned and disfigured, university women expressed increased A) fear. B) anger. C) depression. D) subjective well-being.

D

After receiving exciting news about the birth of a healthy grandson, Mr. Haney was easily persuaded to contribute a generous sum of money to a neighborhood church. This best illustrates the A) two-factor theory. B) adaptation-level phenomenon. C) James-Lange theory. D) feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

D

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of A) homeostasis. B) a safety need. C) an incentive. D) an instinct.

D

Carl Rogers suggested that ________ is(are) a central feature of personality. A) the unconscious B) self-transcendence C) base motives D) the self-concept

D

Characteristic patterns of behavior and conscious motives are called A) dimensions. B) fixations. C) projections. D) traits.

D

Emotions consist of which of the following components? A) physiological reactions B) behavioral expressions C) conscious feelings D) all of these components

D

Enjoying your second piece of pie less than your first illustrates A) the spillover effect. B) relative deprivation. C) catharsis. D) the diminishing returns phenomenon.

D

Exuberant infants and alert, energetic adults are especially likely to show high levels of brain activity in the A) limbic system. B) sensory cortex. C) cerebellum. D) left frontal lobe.

D

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it A) underestimates the importance of biological contributions to personality development. B) is contradicted by recent research demonstrating the human capacity for destructive behavior. C) is overly reliant upon observations derived from Freud's use of projective tests. D) offers few testable hypotheses that allow one to determine its validity.

D

If people who have just been aroused by watching rock videos are then insulted, their feelings of anger will be greater than those of people who have been similarly provoked but were not previously aroused. This is best explained by the A) James-Lange theory. B) Cannon-Bard theory. C) spillover effect. D) two-factor theory.

D

If people wrinkle their noses in disgust when presented with a strange-looking food, they are likely to experience an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food. This best illustrates the A) Cannon-Bard theory. B) relative deprivation principle. C) feel-good, do-good phenomenon. D) facial feedback effect.

D

In an emergency situation, emotional arousal will result in A) increased rate of respiration. B) increased blood sugar. C) a slowing of digestion. D) all of these events.

D

Individuals diagnosed with ________ experience a normal but delayed thinning of the frontal cerebral cortex. A) depression B) anorexia nervosa C) anxiety disorder D) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

D

Motivation is best understood as a state that A) reduces a drive. B) aims at satisfying a biological need. C) energizes an organism to act. D) energizes and directs behavior.

D

One shortcoming of the instinct theory of motivation is that it A) places too much emphasis on environmental factors. B) focuses on cognitive aspects of motivation. C) applies only to animal behavior. D) does not explain human behaviors; it simply names them.

D

People respond to stress with greater anxiety if they have A) a weak superego. B) an internal locus of control. C) positive character traits. D) a reactive autonomic nervous system.

D

Some students work hard in school to attain high grades. This best illustrates the importance of A) homeostasis. B) self-actualization. C) arousal. D) incentives.

D

The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for explaining an infant's urge to A) cry. B) sleep. C) eat. D) explore.

D

The level of serotonin in the brain is A) decreased by a diet high in sugar. B) decreased by a diet high in salt. C) increased by a diet high in protein. D) increased by a diet high in carbohydrates.

D

Verbal and nonverbal expressions of anger can A) calm emotions and reduce anger. B) become habitual if they successfully reduce anger. C) increase immediate feelings of anger. D) do any of these things.

D

Which of the following was NOT raised as a criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion? A) The body's responses are too similar to trigger the various emotions. B) Emotional reactions occur before the body's responses can take place. C) The cognitive activity of the cortex plays a role in the emotions we experience. D) People with spinal cord injuries at the neck typically experience less emotion.

D

Which psychologists are most likely to criticize standardized personality tests for failing to capture the unique subjective experience of the individual personality? A) psychoanalytic theorists B) trait theorists C) social-cognitive theorists D) humanistic theorists

D

Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies? A) instinct theory B) drive-reduction theory C) hierarchy of needs theory D) arousal theory

D