Substance Abuse Exam 1 Old
16. Which of the following psychoactive substances are users most "loyal" to, that is whose use manifests the highest continuance rate? a) alcohol b) marijuana c) cocaine d) heroin e) LSD
A
17. The only drug that a majority of at-least one-time users have taken during the past month is: a) alcohol b) marijuana c) cocaine d) heroin e) LSD
A
18. The reason why the answer in question 17 is correct is that the drug in question is used: a) compulsively and abusively b) episodically and infrequently c) recreationally d) randomly and without pattern e) none of the above
A
19. The relationship between smoking cigarettes and the use of illicit drugs is: a) positive b) negative c) random d) unknown e) none of the above
A
2. A few hundred years ago, the dominant or most popular explanation of wrongdoing or untoward behavior was: a) demonology—possession by the devil or evil spirits. b) genetic factors. c) the overconsumption of alcohol. d) social causes. e) an aberrant personality.
A
2. The statistical relationship between the use of alcohol and the use of illicit drugs is: a) positive b) negative c) random d) unknown e) none of the above
A
20. Sociologists refer to an episode during which the public or the media express concern or fear from a given agent or threat that is exaggerated, out of proportion to, and less serious than, its objective danger or potential damage: a) a moral panic b) media overload c) an accurate assessment of the situation d) mass delusion e) media objectivity
A
10. The setting in which alcohol-impairment injury is most likely to take place is a: a) park or beach b) school or workplace c) home d) bar e) vehicle on the street or highway
D
10. Which of the following drugs is cross-dependent with Seconal, a barbiturate? a) marijuana b) heroin c) cocaine d) alcohol e) LSD
D
11. Which of the following illicit drugs are junior high school and high school students most likely to use: a) cocaine b) heroin c) LSD d) marijuana e) Ecstasy (MDMA)
D
16. According to social control theory, what is one of the major causes of illicit drug use? a) the absence of a stake in conformity to the norms of conventional society b) the anomie that prevails in modern, industrial society c) an aberrant personality structure d) reinforcement of the administration of a psychoactive substance e) an attempt at self-medication
A
16. The relationship between smoking and premature mortality is: a) positive—the greater a person smokes, the greater the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely. b) negative—the greater a person smokes, the lower the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely. c) random—there is no statistical relationship between the amount a person smokes and the likelihood of dying prematurely. d) unknown. e) none of the above
A
10. Between the late 1960s and the late 1970s, illicit drug use in the U.S.: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
A
10. The "big three" of DAWN's figures—those that most consistently appear in the program's ED and ME figures—are: a) cocaine, narcotics, and alcohol b) antidepressants, antipsychotics, and the benzodiazepines c) PCP, LSD, and MDMA d) Ecstasy, GHB, and Rohypnol e) barbiturates, methamphetamine, and marijuana
A
10. Which of the following theories emphasizes a disjunction between means and ends as the major explanation for deviance, crime, delinquency, and drug abuse? a) anomie theory b) social control theory c) self-control theory d) social learning and subculture theory e) social disorganization theory
A
10. Which of the following theories of media bias is most strongly focused on the factor of hegemony or institutional bias in stressing the slant of media drug stories? The: a) ruling elite theory b) money machine theory c) grassroots theory d) professional subculture theory e) none of the above
A
11. The relationship between a driver's BAC (blood-alcohol concentration) and getting into an accident that kills someone is: a) positive b) negative c) random d) unknown e) none of the above
A
12. Between the mid-1970s to the late 1970s, the percentage of high school seniors approving of drug legalization: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
A
12. The potential for drug dependence is most closely related to: a) reinforcement, or immediate sensual appeal b) classic addiction c) toxicity d) learning to enjoy a drug's effects e) whether a drug is soluble in water
A
13. Stimulants include: a) methamphetamine b) heroin c) marijuana d) alcohol e) barbiturates
A
13. The use and abuse of the artificial narcotics (such as fentanyl and oxycodone) is most likely to: a) take place in rural areas b) take place in the suburbs c) be concentrated in the inner cities d) be randomly distributed throughout the United States e) none of the above
A
14. The most commonly used illicit substance is: a) marijuana b) oxycodone c) heroin d) methamphetamine e) cocaine
A
15. Currently, the percentage of Americans above the age of 12 who have drunk at least one alcoholic beverage in the prior month is: a) a minority of the population—roughly one quarter (25%) b) approximately half (50-55%) c) practically everyone (over 90% of the population) d) unknown e) none of the above
A
20. When we compare the use of legal drugs with the use of illicit drugs, we find that: a) legal drugs are used by a higher percentage of the population than illegal drugs. b) illegal drugs are used by a higher percentage of the population than legal drugs. c) legal and illegal drugs are used by about the same percentage of the population. d) we are unable to determine what percentage of the population uses legal or illegal drugs because such information is unknown. e) none of the above
A
3. ADAM (Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring) determined that the rate of illicit drug use among arrestees is: a) much higher than that of the general population. b) much lower than that of the general population. c) about the same as that of the general population. d) unknown. e) none of the above
A
3. Humans first discovered the fermentation, and soon after, the taste and effects, of alcohol in: a) the Stone Age, over 10,000 years ago b) ancient Egypt, roughly 4,000 years ago c) in ancient Rome, about 2,000 years ago d) in the Middle Ages, in France, roughly 1,000 years ago e) in Arabia, roughly 500 years ago
A
3. Taking Ambien via prescription to get to sleep is an example of: a) legal instrumental use b) illegal instrumental use c) legal recreational use d) illegal recreational use e) none of the above
A
4. Among all psychoactive substances, legal and illegal, user "loyalty" or continuance rates (comparing "ever" use with use in the past month) are highest with which drug? a) alcohol b) heroin c) cocaine d) LSD e) marijuana
A
6. Considering cigarettes as one "dose" of the drug, cigarettes, and one alcoholic drink as one "dose" of the drug alcohol, the total number of doses of cigarettes versus alcohol taken in the U.S. during a given year is: a) higher for cigarettes than for alcohol b) higher for alcohol than cigarettes c) about the same for cigarettes as for alcohol d) unknown as to quantity for both drugs e) none of the above
A
6. The drug or drug type that arrestees are least likely to have used, according to ADAM's data is: a) opiates b) marijuana c) methamphetamine d) cocaine e) arrestees are equally as likely to use all of the above drugs.
A
6. The history of drug use may be divided into the natural era, the transformative era, and the synthetic era. Which of the following drugs was produced and first consumed during its natural era? a) opium b) amphetamines c) Ambien d) morphine e) none of the above
A
7. Anomie theory regards the drug dealer or seller as a/n: a) innovator b) conformist c) retreatist d) rebel e) ritualist
A
7. If we were to calculate the tonnage or total quantity of cocaine and heroin consumed in the U.S. during a given year, the total quantity of which drug would be higher? a) cocaine b) heroin c) neither—the tonnage is about the same for both d) such a quantity is unknown e) none of the above
A
7. The relationship between alcohol consumption and engaging in risky, deviant behavior is: a) positive b) negative c) random d) unknown e) none of the above
A
8. Compared with 30 years ago, the potency of the heroin now available on the street: a) is greater b) is weaker c) is more or less the same with respect to potency d) fluctuates wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
A
8. The drug that that is most common among persons studied by the DAWN's ED (emergency department) program is: a) alcohol b) cocaine c) marijuana d) PCP e) heroin
A
8. The relationship between alcohol consumption and being the victim of criminal, violent behavior is: a) positive b) negative c) random d) unknown e) none of the above
A
9. In the U.S., alcohol consumption reached a peak during: a) the early 1800s b) the 1880-1919 era c) Prohibition (1920-1933) d) the 1960s e) the early 2000s
A
9. Routine activities theory emphasizes a motivated offender, a suitable target, and: a) the absence of a capable guardian b) a deviant subculture c) the inherent reinforcement of the deviant act d) negative reinforcement in the form of punishment e) the anomic conditions of modern industrial society
A
9. The relationship between the sale of alcohol in a given location and the likelihood that residents living in that location will be hospitalized for assault is: a) positive b) negative c) random d) unknown e) none of the above
A
9. The substance that causes the greatest total harm with respect to death and disease is: a) tobacco b) alcohol c) heroin d) cocaine e) prescription drugs
A
16. "Triangulation" means: a) putting the answers to questions in a survey in statistical form. b) putting together data from two or more sources to obtain a more complete picture of something. c) attempting to draw cause-and-effect inferences from quantitative data. d) asking respondents questions about aspects of their lives. e) making sure that respondents in a survey are not lying.
B
1. According to the discussion on media bias: a) none of the principles of the professional subculture of journalism pull the journalist away from bias toward objectivity. b) some of the principles of the professional subculture of journalism pull the journalist away from bias toward objectivity, while some do not. c) all of the principles of the professional subculture of journalism pull the journalist away from bias toward objectivity. d) As to whether and to what extent the professional subculture of journalism pull the journalist away from bias toward objectivity is unknowable and cannot be determined. e) none of the above
B
1. In comparison with before and after, during national alcohol prohibition (1920-1933), alcohol consumption: a) increased b) decreased c) remained at about the same level d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown.
B
1. In the social sciences, a theory is: a) a guess. b) a reasoned explanation for a set of events or condition. c) a denial that something took place. d) an incorrect assertion. e) none of the above
B
11. Between the mid-1970s and the late 1970s, the percentage of high school seniors attitudinally disapproving of illicit drug use: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B
12. In the past 30 years or so, the number of automobile alcohol-related fatalities: a) has increased b) has decreased c) has remained stable d) has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B
13. During the 1980s (that is, from 1980 to 1989), the percentage of young adults (age 18 to 25) who used an illicit drug: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B
13. In the past 30 years or so, the percent of all automobile fatalities that were alcohol-related: a) has increased b) has decreased c) has remained stable d) has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B
14. During the 1980s (1980-1989), the percentage of high school seniors who used an illicit drug: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B
14. During the past 30 years or so, the number of years of potential life lost (YPLL) as a result of alcohol-related highway fatalities: a) has increased b) has decreased c) has remained stable d) has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B
14. In drug use surveys, "sampling" means: a) taking a variety of drugs b) the way that respondents are selected c) the way that the drugs that are asked about are chosen d) the way that interviewers are chosen e) none of the above
B
14. Sedative/hypnotics are also called: a) euphoriants b) general depressants c) disassociative anesthetics d) hallucinogens e) analgesics
B
14. Which of the following theories emphasizes the absence of bonds to conventional society as a major explanation for deviance, crime, delinquency, and drug abuse? a) anomie theory b) social control theory c) self-control theory d) social learning and subculture theory e) social disorganization theory
B
15. Since 2000, the percentage of junior high school and high school students who use Ecstasy and the other club drugs has: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) none of the above
B
15. Since the year that the sale of alcohol to persons under the age of 21 was made illegal in all states (1988), alcohol consumption by persons under the age of 21: a) has increased b) has decreased c) has remained stable d) has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B
5. Which of the following is cross-tolerant with heroin? a) alcohol b) marijuana c) morphine d) psilocybin e) LSD
C
17. Loyalty or continuance rates can be calculated according to the percent of at-least one-time lifetime users who have taken a given drug during the prior month, and the percent of last-year users have taken a given drug during the prior month. With respect to the last- year-to-last-month users, which of the following drugs has the highest loyalty or continuance rate? a) alcohol b) cigarettes c) marijuana d) heroin e) cocaine
B
18. Anomie theory regards the drug addict as a: a) "single failure" b) "double failure" c) "triple failure" d) "quadruple failure" e) none of the above
B
2. Drugs can be classified according to their legal status, and whether they are used instrumentally versus recreationally. Taking an amphetamine, without prescription, to cram all night for a final exam is an example of: a) legal instrumental use b) illegal instrumental use c) legal recreational use d) illegal recreational use e) none of the above
B
20. Between 1963 and today, the per capita consumption of cigarettes in the U.S. population (age 18 and older): a) has increased b) has decreased c) has remained stable d) has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B
20. Which of the following theories emphasizes the importance of the actor's investment or stake in conformity as a factor in insulating him or her from engaging in deviant, criminal, and delinquent behavior, including drug abuse? a) social disorganization theory b) social control theory c) anomie theory d) social learning theory e) problem-behavior proneness theory
B
3. An example of a "chronic" effect of a drug would be: a) getting high or intoxicated b) cirrhosis of the liver c) ataxia, or motor discoordination d) dying of an overdose e) none of the above
B
3. In terms of number of people that drug use kills each year in the United States: a) illegal drugs kill roughly 30 times as many people as legal drugs. b) legal drugs kill roughly 30 times as many people as illegal drugs. c) illegal and legal drugs kill about the same number of people. d) The number of people that legal and illegal drugs kill remains unknown. e) none of the above
B
3. The illicit drug of choice during the 1980s (the so-called "me" or "greed" decade) was: a) LSD b) cocaine c) marijuana d) heroin e) amphetamine
B
5. The drug or drug type that arrestees are most likely to have used, according to ADAM's data is: a) opiates b) marijuana c) methamphetamine d) cocaine e) arrestees are equally as likely to use all of the above drugs
B
6. Which of the following drugs is metabolized and excreted most slowly? a) alcohol b) marijuana c) morphine d) psilocybin e) LSD
B
7. Which of the following is the fastest and most efficient route of administration? a) IV injection b) smoking c) administering a dermal patch d) oral administration e) intra-muscular administration
B
8. Illicit drug use reaches a peak during which of the following age ranges: a) early teens b) late teens to early 20s c) late 20s d) thirties e) forties and older
B
1. "Inferential" statistics: a) describe what something is like in qualitative terms. b) describe what something is like in quantitative terms. c) measure cause-and-effect relationships among two or more variables or factors in qualitative terms. d) measure cause-and-effect relationships among two or more variables or factors in quantitative terms. e) none of the above
C
1. Alcohol is defined as a drug because of its: a) legal status b) benign, pleasant effects c) psychoactive properties d) recreational use e) constructionist status—the extent to which the public regards it as a drug
C
11. Which of the following drugs is most reinforcing, that is, the one that laboratory animals will work hardest to receive? a) marijuana b) heroin c) cocaine d) alcohol e) LSD
C
12. Chronic, abusive cocaine and heroin use is most likely to: a) take place in rural areas b) take place in the suburbs c) be concentrated the inner cities d) be randomly throughout the United States e) none of the above
C
12. News stories in the 1960s about the harm caused by the use of LSD: a) reported consistently throughout the decade about only one harm the use of the drug caused—insanity and self-destruction. b) reported consistently throughout the decade about only one harm the use of the drug caused—chromosome damage. c) began by focusing its reporting mainly on one harm the use of the drug caused (insanity and self-destruction), but switched its attention to a second harm (chromosome damage). d) was unfocused and all over the map with regard to the harm the use of the drug caused— from addiction to overdoses to progression to more dangerous drugs. e) none of the above
C
13. The ADAM program monitors the drug use of: a) high school students b) the general population c) arrestees d) the deceased who are examined by medical examiners e) patients who present to hospitals for a psychiatric or medical emergency
C
13. Which of the following theories emphasizes inadequate parenting as the major explanation for deviance, crime, delinquency, and drug abuse? a) anomie theory b) social control theory c) self-control theory d) social learning and subculture theory e) social disorganization theory
C
14. Which of the following assertions about methamphetamine, as reported by the media in the late 1980s, turned out to be true? The use of meth: a) had moved up the socioeconomic ladder to the point where abuse was as common among the rich as among the poor. b) had marched across the country to the point where abuse was as common on the East coast as on the West coast. c) had become the drug of choice among young people to the point where it had become the most popular and widely used drug in the country. d) was "instant addiction"—one puff and you're hooked for life. e) none of the above
C
15. Conflict theory emphasizes which of the following factors in explaining deviance, crime, delinquency, and drug abuse? a) community or neighborhood disorganization b) the influence of unconventional peer groups c) differences in power among socioeconomic strata d) the absence of bonds to conventional society e) inadequate parenting
C
16. If a glass of wine contains 8 ounces and is 12 and 1/2 percent alcohol, the quantity of absolute alcohol a drinker consumes by downing that glass of wine is: a) 8 ounces b) 4 ounces c) one ounce d) zero e) none of the above
C
18. The tobacco plant is indigenous to which of the following continents or regions: a) Europe b) Asia c) the Western Hemisphere d) Australia e) Africa
C
19. The year the American public most strongly believed that drug abuse was the nation's number one problem was: a) 1959 b) 1969 c) 1979 d) 1989 e) 1999
C
2. The illicit drug of choice (that is, the illegal drug that was most likely to be used) during the 1960s was: a) LSD b) cocaine c) marijuana d) heroin e) amphetamine
C
20. Which of the following derives more or less entirely from a naturally-occurring substance, and hence, is characteristic of the "natural" era discussed in Chapter 1? a) cocaine b) morphine c) marijuana d) LSD e) methamphetamine
C
4. An adult drinking alcohol to feel pleasant is an example of: a) legal instrumental use b) illegal instrumental use c) legal recreational use d) illegal recreational use e) none of the above
C
4. The drug that is most highly regionalized to a particular area of the country, according to ADAM's data, is: a) opiates b) marijuana c) methamphetamine d) cocaine e) none of the above; all of these drugs are equally as regionalized
C
5. Reinforcement theories of drug use and abuse focus: a) entirely on positive reinforcement b) entirely on negative reinforcement c) on both positive and negative reinforcement d) neither on positive nor on negative reinforcement e) none of the above
C
5. The harm that the media attributed marijuana with causing during the 1930s was that use of the drug would cause the user to: a) develop the "amotivational syndrome" b) progress to more dangerous drugs c) become insane and violent, and commit rape and murder d) drop dead of a drug overdose e) pass on birth defects in his or her offspring
C
6. "Apparent" alcohol consumption is based on: a) how much alcohol the public believes is consumed during a given year. b) how much alcohol a respondent thinks he or she has consumed during a given year. c) Alcohol sales during a given year. d) Underage drinking during a given year. e) The relationship between drinking and BAC (blood-alcohol concentration).
C
6. Anomie theory regards the drug addict as a/n: a) innovator b) conformist c) retreatist d) rebel e) ritualist
C
6. The effect caused by smoking crack cocaine in the 1980s that the media most emphasized was: a) dying of an overdose of the drug b) progressing to the use of other, more dangerous drugs c) becoming addicted or dependent on the drug d) becoming insane e) using crack in conjunction with alcohol and becoming an alcoholic
C
7. Which of the following drugs was produced and first consumed during its transformative era? a) alcohol b) peyote c) heroin d) Barbital e) none of the above
C
8. This chapter is based mainly on which of the following sources of news media: a) broadcast news—mainly television b) the Internet c) print sources, mainly newspapers and magazines d) fiction, mainly novels e) advertising
C
8. Which of the following drugs was produced and first consumed by humans during its synthetic era? a) marijuana b) psychedelic mushrooms c) LSD d) cocaine e) none of the above
C
8. Which of the following theories of deviance, crime, delinquency, and drug abuse bills itself as the "general theory of crime"? a) anomie theory b) social control theory c) self-control theory d) social disorganization theory e) learning theory
C
9. The author emphasizes that charges of media bias are commonly lodged by observers with particular approaches or perspectives. Which of the following is the author regarding as bias with respect to the media reporting the drug story? The extent to which these stories: a) subvert the Marxist agenda and delay the proletariat revolution. b) undermine the readers' faith in God. c) accurately reflect the evidence gathered and the conclusions reached by scientists. d) fail to contribute to patriotic fervor. e) stimulate an interest among the young in trying and using illicit psychoactive drugs.
C
11. Which of the following theories is most likely to be influenced by the cardinal rule, verify a story with two or more sources? The: a) ruling elite theory b) money machine theory c) grassroots theory d) professional subculture theory e) none of the above
D
12. Which of the following illicit drugs is the general population most likely to use: a) cocaine b) heroin c) LSD d) marijuana e) Ecstasy (MDMA)
D
12. Which of the following theories emphasizes deviant socialization as the major explanation for deviance, crime, delinquency, and drug abuse? a) anomie theory b) social control theory c) self-control theory d) social learning and subculture theory e) social disorganization theory
D
13. Media stories on the use of PCP in the 1970s tended to emphasize that the use of the drug would cause the user to: a) die of a drug overdose. b) progress to more dangerous drugs. c) engage in multiple drug use and harm himself or herself as a result. d) have psychotic episodes and engage in self-destructive behavior. e) none of the above
D
16. Psychedelics are also called: a) euphoriants b) general depressants c) disassociative anesthetics d) hallucinogens e) analgesics
D
17. The death toll—the total number of people who die as a result of a cause related to the use of the substance—is greatest for which of the following: a) cocaine b) heroin c) marijuana d) cigarettes e) alcohol
D
17. Which of the following theories hold that deviant, criminal, and delinquent behavior (such as drug abuse) are simply "doing what comes naturally" and do not require an explanation; what needs explaining is why people do not deviate from society's norms, rules, and laws? a) anomie theory b) social disorganization theory c) social learning and subculture theories d) social control and self-control theories e) problem-behavior proneness
D
18. A Schedule I drug is one that the government defines as having: a) medical utility and a low potential for abuse b) no medical utility but a low potential for abuse c) medical utility but a high potential for abuse d) no medical utility and a high potential for abuse e) none of the above
D
18. The year that drug use was most frequently in the news was: a) 1956 b) 1966 c) 1976 d) 1986 e) 1996
D
18. Which of the following sectors of school students does MTF's sample not study? a) eighth graders b) tenth graders c) twelfth graders d) absentees and drop-outs e) MTF samples all of the above sectors
D
19. "Why should people conform? After all, it's so much more fun and rewarding to deviate from society's norms and laws?" An advocate of which of the following theories would agree most strongly with this statement? a) anomie theory b) subculture theory c) social disorganization theory d) control theory e) problem-behavior proneness
D
19. One advantage of ADAM's program over the other drug use data-gathering methods is that it samples a hard-to-reach sector of the population: a) eighth graders b) people who come or are brought to an emergency department because of a medical emergency c) people who died under circumstances that require tests by a county's coroner or medical examiner d) arrestees e) none of the above
D
19. Which of the following is an example of a Schedule I drug at the federal level: a) cocaine b) morphine c) amphetamine d) marijuana e) none of the above
D
2. Pharmacologically, a drug "action" takes place at the: a) behavioral level b) chronic level c) global level d) molecular level e) societal level
D
2. The period during which media attention was most strongly focused on drug use and abuse was the: a) 1950s b) 1960s c) 1970s d) 1980s e) 1990s
D
20. Which of the following is an example of a Schedule II drug at the federal level: a) LSD b) PCP c) heroin d) Prozac e) none of the above
D
4. Metabolic imbalance theory most commonly attempts to account for one particular type of drug use: a) alcoholism b) marijuana use c) cocaine abuse d) narcotic addiction e) methamphetamine abuse
D
4. Sensationalistic stories of drug harm erupted for different drugs at different times. For these stories, match up the decade with the drug during which these stories most typically erupted. a) marijuana in the 1960s b) crack cocaine in the 1950s c) PCP in the 1990s d) methamphetamine in the late 1980s to the 2000s e) none of the above
D
5. Among the following drugs, which one attracts the lowest loyalty or continuance rate? a) alcohol b) cigarettes c) marijuana d) PCP e) cocaine
D
5. Taking LSD to get high is an example of: a) legal instrumental use b) illegal instrumental use c) legal recreational use d) illegal recreational use e) none of the above
D
7. DAWN (the Drug Awareness Warning Network) is: a) a drug use survey among the general population. b) a drug use survey among junior high school and high school students. c) drug-tests arrestees for the presence of drugs in their systems. d) based on the presence of drugs in the systems of persons seeking treatment in emergency departments in hospitals, and of persons who are examined by medical examiners around the country. e) none of the above
D
7. The news stories that reported that LSD causes chromosome damage and result in the user passing on birth defects to his or her offspring was: a) verified by research conducted in the 1960s. b) a complete media invention—no article published in the scientific literature reported such a finding. c) an urban legend that was circulated during the 1960s. d) disconfirmed by later scientific research.
D
9. Which of the following drugs is synergistic with Seconal, a barbiturate? a) marijuana b) heroin c) cocaine d) alcohol e) LSD
D
5. Which of the following has the highest concentration of "absolute" alcohol? a) beer b) wine c) wine "coolers" d) "fortified" wine (such as sherry) e) distilled spirits (such as gin, vodka, Tequila, or Scotch)
E
9. The drug that is associated with the greatest number of deaths by overdose, according to DAWN's ME data, is: a) antidepressants b) benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) c) cocaine d) alcohol e) opiates
E
1. Humans began using mind-altering substances: a) during the 1960s b) in Europe during the Middle Ages c) in ancient Greece and Rome d) in ancient Egypt 4,000 years ago e) during prehistoric times tens of thousands of years ago
E
1. Which of the following illustrates a constructionist definition of or approach to what a drug is. A drug is defined by a substance's: a) psychoactivity b) chemical structure c) criminogenic effects—the fact that it causes criminal and violent behavior d) dependency-producing effect e) illegal or illicit status—the fact that its possession and sale are against the law
E
10. On a dose-for-dose basis, which of the following drugs causes the greatest amount of harm, including death by overdose? a) alcohol b) cocaine c) heroin d) marijuana e) tobacco
E
11. The proportion of tobacco smokers who use tobacco abusively and compulsively is: a) none, or a minuscule proportion b) a substantial minority—roughly a quarter of all smokers c) roughly half d) a substantial majority—roughly three-quarters of all smokers e) all or nearly all
E
11. Which of the following theories emphasizes the deteriorated conditions of the community or neighborhood as major the explanation for deviance, crime, delinquency, and drug abuse? a) anomie theory b) social control theory c) self-control theory d) social learning and subculture theory e) social disorganization theory
E
15. Psychopharmacologists classify narcotics as a type of: a) euphoriant b) general depressant c) disassociative anesthetic d) hallucinogen e) analgesic
E
15. The data source that is most likely to be helpful in understanding the relationship between drug use and crime is: a) MTF b) NSDUH c) DAWN's ME data d) DAWN's ED data e) ADAM
E
15. Which of the following media assertions about the use of crack cocaine in the 1980s was later verified by scientific research? a) Try it once and you're hooked! Once you start, you can't stop! b) The use of crack immediately hurls the user into an inferno of craving and despair. c) Crack has now infected every group and community in the country. d) Crack is as common in the middle class suburbs as it is in the ghetto and the urban slum. e) none of the above
E
16. Which of the following media assertions about the use of crack cocaine in the 1980s was later verified by scientific research? a) Crack has become America's drug of choice—even more popular than marijuana. b) Nearly every expert now concedes that the crack plague is all but universal. c) One out of ten babies born today are "crack babies"—infants of crack-addicted mothers. d) Crack babies will be permanently damaged, an unmanageable multitude of disturbed and disruptive youth—a lost generation. e) none of the above
E
17. Psychopharmacologists classify OxyContin as a/n: a) euphoriant b) depressant c) disassociative anesthetic d) hallucinogen e) analgesic
E
17. When it comes to the use of legal drugs such as alcohol and tobacco the researcher is in a fortunate position because, unlike that of illicit drugs, legal drug use can be measured by: a) answers to surveys in the general population. b) answers to questions among school samples. c) hospital intake records. d) tests in a laboratory. e) tax records of the sale of these products.
E
17. Which of the following theories best explains media bias on the drug story? The: a) ruling elite theory b) money machine theory c) grassroots theory d) professional subculture theory e) All of the above theories contribute concepts that help to understand media bias on the drug story
E
18. This chapter classified Ecstasy as belonging to which of the following categories: a) hallucinogens b) sedative-hypnotics c) narcotics d) stimulants e) none of the above
E
19. Researchers did not conduct surveys of drug use during the 1960s, but today, they feel that they have a fairly accurate idea of use during that decade because they draw inferences from: a) tax revenues b) media reports c) DAWN's ED/ME reports d) ADAM's arrest reports e) retrospective estimates based on a survey conducted in the 1970s
E
19. This chapter classified marijuana as belonging to which of the following categories: a) hallucinogens b) sedative/hypnotics c) narcotics d) stimulants e) none of the above
E
2. The best way of finding out about rates of drug use is looking at the findings from: a) the ADAM (Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring) program b) DAWN (the Drug Awareness Warning Network) c) MTF (Monitoring the Future) d) NSDUH (the National Survey on Drug Use and Health) e) There is no single data gathering program that is best overall; we get the most valid and reliable results by putting together various sources of data.
E
20. Which of the following drugs or drug types is not tested for DAWN's or ADAM's program: a) opiates b) cocaine c) stimulants d) alcohol e) the nicotine in tobacco
E
3. Which of the following is a "kinds of people" theory: a) conflict theory b) social disorganization theory c) anomie theory d) subculture theory e) biological theories
E
4. Ethyl alcohol or ethanol is: a) 0 percent "absolute" alcohol b) 25 percent "absolute" alcohol c) 50 percent "absolute" alcohol d) 75 percent "absolute" alcohol e) 100 percent "absolute" alcohol
E
4. The drug with the widest effective dose/lethal dose (ED/LD) ratio is: a) alcohol b) heroin c) cocaine d) morphine e) marijuana
E