Surveying Final

The geometric of the interior angles in an n sided closed figure is what?

(n-2)180 for ex.. (5-2)180= 540 degrees

1 section is

1 square mile

Townships are ____________ miles square containing ______ sections.

6 36 sections

What lines runs through the initial points?

A meridian call the Principal Meridian and a parallel of latitude called the baseline

An ________________ is the direction of a line as given by an angle measured clockwise usually from the north end of a meridian

Azimuth

____________ is the direction of a line as given by the acute angle between the line and a meridian.

Bearing

Blazes on trees used as witness points for surveying corners are also called _______________

Bearing Tree ( can be covered by subsequent tree growth and enlargement of tree diameter)

The point at which a survey commences in any area is known as the ___________.

Initial point

_________________ and _______________ can be used to calculate the precision of a traverse by noting the plus/minus closure of both latitudes and departures.

Latitudes and Departures

What does a deed include?

Legal description of property Knowledge of any right of way Easements Highway widening

_______________ pertain to the rights of owners of land along lakes or tidelands.

Littoral Rights

A line on the mean surface of the earth joining the north and south poles is called a __________

Meridian

A method of describing property by listing boundary distances and directions, together with a not of adjacent property owners and relevant natural features

Metes and Bounds

A purchasuer usually obtains a ___________ involving financing by a bank or loan corporation, for the remainder of the purchase price of the property

Mortgage (most mortgage lending institutions require surveying documentation to ensure that buildings are entirely on the property and within acceptable clearance from property lines established by municipality.

______________ is directly below the obsever

Nadir

Section 1 is located in the _____________ corner of each township.

North East

The first North American public land surveys were performed in _______________ and north of ________________

Ontario in 1783 Ohio River in 1785

When property is first conveyed by federal, state or privincial governments to institutions, companies or individuals it is called a ______________.

Patent

__________ is a drawing that shows location of property in ref to other pieces of property

Plat plan

A point can be located by ____________ or by ______________.

Polar ties (direction and distance Rectangular ties (two distances at 90 degrees) -Figure 6-5

_______________ define the position of a point with respect to two perp. axes.

Rectangular Coordinates

Land surveys must be completed by who?

Registered and Licensed surveyors

_______________ refers to those rights of a property owners of land that borders rivers and streams

Riparian rights

_________ is the distance required to be from another property line.

Set back requirement

Basis for horizontal axis (X) is what? ( 0 degrees latitude)

The equator

Title or mortgage surveys are performed for two primary reasons:

The finance company or bank granting a mortgage on a property, usually requires proof that buildings are withing property boundaries - Most municipalities have bylaws stating min. distances to the street line ad the sidelines of the lots. (also called a set back)

High Water Mark

The high water mark occurs where the vegetation changes from aquatic species to terrestrial species.

__________________ involve the detailed positioning of existing building on a parcel of land in relationship to the boundaries.

Title or Mortgage Surveys

________________ is directly above the observer.

Zenith

______________ and ____________ are terms describing points on a celestial sphere.

Zenith and Nadir

North American tradition favors the use of ___________ over _______.

bearings over azimuths

A _______ is either one that begins and ends at the same point or one that begins and ends at points whose positions have been previously determined

closed traverse

When any piece of land changes ownership, it cannot be by word of mouth, but must be by a written document usually called a ______________

deed

________________ is the east west rectangular component of a line, and to differentiate direction, __________ is considered plus and ____________ is considered minus

departure east + west -

x axis is

east-west

By definition ______________ is the north south rectangular component of a line. To differentiate direction North is considered _______ and South is considered

latitude North is Positive South is minus

Most ____________ show directions in bearings.

legal plans (plats)

y axis is _________

north-south

A _______________ is a series of measured straight lines (and angles that do not geometrically close.

open traverse

The orginal transfer of land from the U.S government is called a ________

patent.

What are some reasons land surveys are made?

pg. 461 chapter 14

POB-

point of beginning

Basis for vertical axis (Y) is _______________

prime meridian

How do you reverse bearing?

reverse the direction letters.

The most common methods for public land surveys in the US and canada provided for _____________.

townships

A _____________ is usually a control survey and is employed in all forms of legal, mapping, and engineering surveys.

Traverse

Essentially, traverses are a series of what? Tied together by what?

Traverses are essentially a series of established stations that are tied together by angle and distance

_______________ are used in slope distance corrections or in height determination.

Vertical Angles

Zenith, Nadir and the observer are all on the same ________________.

Vertical Line