Suspension and Alignment
Most manufacturers specify a maximum axial play for ball joints of about
0.050in (1.27mm)
To help prevent vehicle wandering on a vehicle with torsion bars, the ride height (trim height) should be within __________ side to side.
0.125 in. (3.2 mm)
High-pressure hoses have to be used on the high-pressure side of the power steering system because pressures can reach as high as _________.
1,500 PSI
When purchasing replacement tires, do not change tire width from the stock size by more than _____________.
10MM
When seating a bead of a tire, never exceed _______ PSI.
40
Most vehicle and tire manufacturers recommend that no more than _____ ounces of balance weight be added to a wheel/tire assembly.
5.5
For best tire life, most vehicle and tire manufacturers recommend tire rotation every______.
6,000 Miles
The driver rotates the steering wheel one-half of one revolution (180 degrees) on a vehicle equipped with a steering gear with a 20:1 gear ratio. How many degrees will the front wheels be rotated?
9 degrees
Which of the following may cause an alignment issue?
A bent tie rod
A partially clogged power steering filter can cause what type of problem?
A noise especially when cold
The preferred method to separate tapered chassis parts is to use
A puller tool or two hammers to shock and deform the taper
The part of the tire that is under just the tread of a radial tire is called the _____________.
Belt
How are the inner tie rods attached to the rack on a center-take-off-type rack-and-pinion steering gear?
Bolted
A light film of oil is observed on the upper area of a shock absorber. Technician A says that this condition should be considered normal. Technician B says that a rod seal may bleed fluid during cold weather, causing the oil film. Which technician is correct?
Both
A vehicle vibrates at highway speed. Technician A says that water in the tire(s) could be the cause. Technician B says that an out-of-round tire could be the cause. Which technician is correct?
Both
Technician A says that as wear occurs, camber usually becomes negative. Technician B says that as steering linkage wear occurs, toe usually becomes toe-out from an original toe-in specification. Which technician is correct?
Both
Technician A says that leaf springs are mounted lengthwise on the rear of many vehicles. Technician B says that some vehicles use a transversely mounted leaf spring on the rear. Which technician is correct?
Both
Technician A says that outer tie rod ends should be replaced in pairs, even if only one is worn. Technician B says that inner tie rod ends should be replaced in pairs, even if only one is worn. Which technician is correct?
Both
The owner of a pickup truck wants to cut the coil springs to lower the vehicle. Technician A says that the ride will be harsher than normal if the springs are cut. Technician B says that the springs could be damaged, especially if a cutting torch is used to cut the springs. Which technician is correct?
Both
Tire inflation is very important to the safe and economical operation of any vehicle. Technician A says that the pressure should never exceed the maximum pressure imprinted on the sidewall of the tire. Technician B says to inflate the tires to the pressures recommended on the tire information decal or placard on the driver's door. Which technician is correct?
Both
Two technicians are discussing MacPherson struts. Technician A says that in most applications the entire strut assembly rotates when the front wheels are turned. Technician B says a typical MacPherson strut suspension system uses only one control arm and one ball joint per side. Which technician is correct?
Both
Two technicians are discussing bump steer. Technician A says that an unlevel steering linkage can be its cause. Technician B says that if the steering wheel moves when the vehicle is bounced up and down, the steering linkage may be bent. Which technician is correct?
Both
Two technicians are discussing electric power steering (EPS) systems. Technician A says that some systems operate on 12 volts. Technician B says that some systems operate on 42 volts such as some hybrid electric vehicles.
Both
Two technicians are discussing rear shock absorbers. Technician A says that if one shock is leaking, then both rear shock absorbers should be replaced. Technician B says that the rear axle should be supported before removing rear shock absorbers. Which technician is correct?
Both
Two technicians are discussing scrub radius. Technician A says that scrub radius can not be measured. Technician B says that scrub radius can not be adjusted. Which technician is correct?
Both
Two technicians are discussing the proper procedure for bleeding air from a power steering system. Technician A says that the front wheels of the vehicle should be lifted off the ground before bleeding. Technician B says that the steering wheel should be turned left and right with the engine off during the procedure. Which technician is correct?
Both
Two technicians are discussing torsion bars. Technician A says that many torsion bars are adjustable to allow for ride height adjustment. Technician B says that torsion bars are usually marked left and right and should not be switched side to side. Which technician is correct?
Both
Two technicians are discussing suspension bushings. Technician A says that replacing control arm bushings usually requires special tools. Technician B says using high-performance urethane bushings may cause excessive noise to be transferred to the passenger compartment. Which technician is correct?
Both A and B
If metal shims are used for alignment adjustment in the front, they adjust _____________.
Both Caster and Camber
The inward or outward tilt of the top of the tire is described as
Camber
Included angle is ______.
Camber + SAI
A steering dampener may be needed to reduce shimmy on vehicles that have high positive_____.
Caster
Strut rods, if they are adjustable, can be used to adjust which angle?
Caster
Which alignment angle is responsible for making sure the steering wheel returns to center correctly?
Caster
What causes a variable-ratio steering gear to be able to change the ratio as the steering wheel is turned?
Changing the length of the teeth on the sector gear
The circuit to the airbag inflation module is connected from the steering column to the steering wheel through what component?
Clockspring
The recommended type of wheel weight to use on aluminum (alloy) wheels is _________.
Coated (Painted) or stick on lead weights
What type of motor is used in most electric power steering (EPS) systems?
DC Brushless
Unusual noise during a test drive can be caused by
Defective wheel bearings or stabilizer bar links Defective or worn control arm bushings or ball joints Worn or defective CV joints
The two basic types of electric power steering include?
Engine Driven, and Battery Powered
Which statement is false?
Excessive lateral runout can cause a tramp-type vibration.
Positive toe is also known as a toe out condition
False
When pressure testing a hydraulic assisted power steering system, the highest pressures were greater than 50 PSI of each other. This indicates a problem with_____.
Flow Control Valve
When pressure testing a hydraulic assisted power steering system, the highest pressures were greater than 50 PSI of each other. This indicates a problem with_____.
Flow control valve
When axle windup is controlled by the rear-leaf spring during acceleration, this system is called ____________.
Hotchkiss Drive
A strut-type suspension is used ________________.
In both front and rear
A center bolt is used in what type of spring?
Leaf
Using the modified X-method of tire rotation on a front-wheel-drive vehicle, where should be the left front wheel be placed?
Left Rear
A tire is labeled 215/60R × 15 92T; The 92 in the tire designation refers to the tire's _______________.
Load rating
A vehicle has an excessive amount of freeplay in the steering wheel and it is difficult to keep it traveling straight on a straight and level road. Which is the least likely cause?
Loose pitman arm retaining nut
What can cause hard steering on a vehicle equipped with hydraulic power assisted steering system?
Low tire pressure Slipping P.S. pump drive belt Low or contaminated power steering fluid
What can cause hard steering on a vehicle equipped with hydraulic power assisted steering system?
Low tire pressure Slipping P/S pump drive belt Low or contaminated power steering fluid
A "witness mark" is a______.
Mark where toe points have rubbed or touched
Excessive tire wear on the inside edge of one tire could be caused by?
Negative Camber
A driver of a vehicle equipped with a rack-and-pinion steering gear complains that the steering wheel jerks whenever the vehicle is being driven into a curbed driveway approach at an angle. Technician A says that the rack-and-pinion gears may have too little clearance between the teeth of the gears. Technician B says that a lack of lubrication of the rack and pinion is the most likely cause. Which technician is correct?
Neither
Proper tire inflation pressure information is found _______________.
On drivers door or post, as well as the sidewall of the tire
A "dry park" test to determine the condition of the steering components and joints should be performed with the vehicle ___________________.
On level ground or a drive-on lift
The specified power steering fluid is found where?
On the cap of the power steering reservoir In the owner's manual In service information
A track rod is also called a ______.
Panhard rod
Which tool is not recommended to be used to separate tapered steering components because it can do harm?
Pickle Fork
The rotation of the steering wheel causes which part to move the actual steering linkage in a conventional steering gear?
Pitman Arm
The pitman shaft is also called the ________________.
Pitman Sector
If the top of the steering axis is tilted 2 degrees toward the rear of the vehicle, this is _________.
Positive caster
The spring rate of a spring is measured in units of __________
Pounds per inch
Integral power steering gears use _____________ for lubrication of the unit.
Power steering fluid in system
Some vehicles are equipped to signal the computer whenever the power steering pressures increase so that the idle speed can be increased to prevent stalling during turns at low speeds. What component signals the computer?
Power steering pressure switch
The aspect ratio of a tire means _______________________.
Ratio between height and width
Which angle determines the thrust angle?
Rear Toe
Wheel back spacing is also called________.
Rear spacing
Recirculating steel balls are used in most conventional steering gears because they _______.
Reduce Friction
The left front of the vehicle is higher than the right front and the right rear is lower than the left rear. What is the most likely cause of this problem?
Sagging right rear spring
A tire is labeled 215/60R × 15 92T; the T indicates ________________.
Speed rating
What suspension component is used to counteract body lean during cornering?
Stabilizer Bar
A noise and a pull toward one side during braking is a common symptom of a worn or defective _______________.
Strut Rod Bushing
A power steering pressure test is being performed, and the pressure is higher than specifications with the engine running and the steering wheel stationary in the straight-ahead position. Technician A says that a restricted high- pressure line could be the cause. Technician B says that internal leakage inside the steering gear or rack-and- pinion unit could be the cause. Which technician is correct?
Tech A
A power steering pressure test is being performed, and the pressure is higher than specifications with the engine running and the steering wheel stationary in the straight-ahead position. Technician A says that a restricted high-pressure line could be the cause. Technician B says that internal leakage inside the steering gear or rack-and-pinion unit could be the cause. Which technician is correct?
Tech A
A vehicle equipped with a coil spring front suspension and a leaf spring rear suspension "dog tracks" while driving on a straight, level road. Technician A says that a broken center bolt could be the cause. Technician B says defective rear shock absorbers could be the cause. Which technician is correct?
Tech A
One rear leaf spring is broken. Technician A says that both rear leaf springs should be replaced. Technician B says that only the broken spring needs to be replaced. Which technician is correct?
Tech A
Technician A says that a PAX run-flat tire uses a special wheel. Technician B says that a standard tire can be used to replace a PAX run-flat tire. Which technician is correct?
Tech A
Technician A says that a vehicle will pull (or lead) to the side with the most camber (or least negative camber). Technician B says that a vehicle will pull (or lead) to the side with the most positive caster. Which technician is correct?
Tech A
A loud "bang" is heard and felt ever time the accelerator is depressed or released on a rear-wheel-drive vehicle. Technician A says that a leaking shock absorber could be the cause. Technician B says a broken torque arm could be the cause. Which technician is correct?
Tech B
New tie rods are being installed. Technician A says to tighten the retaining nuts to specification and then loosen, if needed to align the cotter pin hole. Technician B says to tighten further to align the cotter key hole. Which technician is correct?
Tech B
Technician A says that regular replacement shock absorbers will raise the rear of a vehicle that is sagging down. Technician B says that replacement springs will be required to restore the proper ride height. Which technician is correct?
Tech B
Technician A says that the front toe determines the thrust angle. Technician B says that the rear toe angle determines the thrust angle. Which technician is correct?
Tech B
Technician A says that torque prevailing nuts can be reused unless damaged. Technician B says that a new cotter key should always be used. Which technician is correct?
Tech B
Two technicians are discussing air shocks. Technician A says that air is forced through small holes to dampen the ride. Technician B says that air shocks are conventional hydraulic shock absorbers with an airbag to control vehicle ride height. Which technician is correct?
Tech B
Two technicians are discussing non-indicator-type ball joint inspection. Technician A says that the vehicle should be on the ground with the ball joints loaded, then checked for freeplay. Technician B says that the ball joints should be unloaded before checking for freeplay. Which technician is correct?
Tech B
Before the strut insert can be removed from a typical MacPherson strut assembly, which operation is necessary to prevent possible personal injury?
The coil spring should be compressed.
What should the technician do when replacing stabilizer bar links?
The links can be replaced individually, yet the manufacturer often recommends that the links at both ends be replaced together.
What do the letters JJ mean in a wheel designation size labeled 14 × 7JJ?
The shape of the flange area
If the turning radius (toe-out on turns, or TOOT) is out of specification, what part or component is defective
The steering arm is bent
Radial tires can cause a vehicle to pull to one side while driving. This is called "radial tire pull" and is often due to the __________________.
Tire Consistency
If the tie rod ends become worn, which angle is most affected?
Toe
The difference in between the front and rear tires across an axle is known as
Toe
When performing an alignment, which angle is the most important for tire wear?
Toe
Which alignment angle is adjustable on all vehicles?
Toe
Which alignment angle is most likely to need correction and cause the most tire wear?
Toe
Which angle would be responsible for a clear vision concern?
Toe
Positive (+) toe is ________________________.
Toe In
Three primary alignment angles are?
Toe, Camber, and Caster
Positive camber means_______.
Top of the tire is tiled outward at the top
A MacPherson strut is a structural part of the vehicle.
True
Individual toe is the difference between the right and left individual toe measurements
True
Outward tilt of the top of the tire is considered to be positive
True
A tire is worn excessively on both edges. The most likely cause of this type of tire wear is _____________.
Under inflation
Which part in the steering column allows for changes in the angle between the upper and lower shafts?
Universal Joint
Electronically controlled variable-assist power steering systems vary the amount of boost by __________.
Varying the pump output orifice size
What lubricant should be used when mounting a tire?
Water based soap
What component(s) is considered to be unsprung weight?
Wheels and Tires
Which conventional steering gear adjustment should be the first performed?
Worm bearing preload
What is the most likely cause of bump steer?
Worn or oil soaked rack bushings
How much endplay is usually acceptable in tie rod ends?
Zero
The two rack-and-pinion steering gear adjustments include ____________________.
pinion bearing preload and rack support