SWM301 FULL - Not duplicate
The three spheres of systems management are business, organization, and ____________________.
technology
Many organizations use samples and ____________________ to generate SOWs.
templates
Many people use ____ to have a standard format for preparing various project management documents.
templates
Many project management software programs come with ____________________ or sample files.
templates
The ____________________ represents the number of units handled correctly through the process steps.
yield
A schedule performance index(SPI) of 0.76 means:
you are only progressing at 76 percent of the rate originally planned.
When an information system does not function correctly, it is generally a slight inconvenience.
False
When deciding what projects to invest in or continue, you should include sunk costs.
False
When developing an estimate for a large software project, estimates cannot be made before clear system requirements have been produced.
False
When justifying investments in new information systems and technology, the focus should only be on revenues or expenses.
False
When resources are used on a more constant basis, they require more management.
False
When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success.
False
Within the category of programmer, there are several job titles used to describe the specific technologies the programmer uses, such as project manager programmer, systems analyst programmer, macro developer, and so on.
False
You can assume that a task originally scheduled to take two months of one person’s time can be done in one month by two people.
False
You can separate technical skills and soft skills when working on information technology projects.
False
You can use the NPV function in Microsoft Access to calculate the NPV quickly.
False
Stakeholders can be identified in which project management process group?
Initiating and planning
Include defining and authorizing a project or project phase
Initiating processes
Stakeholders can be identified in which project management process groups?
Initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing
During what part of the project management process group is the project scope statement created?
Planning
During what part of the project management process is the project scope statement created?
Planning
In which project management process group is the detailed project budget created?
Planning
An output of the Close Project or Phase process is the creation of ____
Project archives
An output of the Close Project or Phase process is the creation of:
Project archives
Are a complete set of organized project records that provide an accurate history of the project
Project archives
Includes the processes required to ensure that a project team completes a project within an approved budget
Project cost management
Involves coordinating all of the other project management knowledge areas throughout a project’s life cycle.
Project integration management
Is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements
Project management
Is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.�
Project management
The project team has created a plan for how they will implement the quality policy. It addresses the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, and other information about plans for quality. If this changes during the project, WHICH of the following plans will also change?
Project management
Which of the following concerns on tactical goals?
Project management
Progress from initiation activities to planning activities, executing activities, monitoring and controlling activities, and closing activities.
Project management process groups
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between project lifecycle phases and project management processes?
Project management processes can repeat within a project lifecycle.
A project manager for a small construction company has a project that was budgeted for $130,000 over a six-week period. According to her schedule, the project should have cost $60,000 to date. However, it has cost US $90,000 to date. The project is also behind schedule, because the original estimates were not accurate. Who has the PRIMARY responsibility to solve this problem?
Project manager
Integration is done by the
Project manager
Integration is done by the:
Project manager
Who is ultimately responsible for quality management in the project?
Project manager
Who is ultimately responsible for quality management on the project?
Project manager
Is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions
Reliability
All of the following are characteristics of a project EXCEPT:
Repeats itself every month
Involves collecting and disseminating performance information, including status reports, progress measurement, and forecasting
Reporting performance
When would a milestone chart be used instead of a bar chart?
Reporting to management
The MOST common causes of conflict on a project are schedules, project priorities, and:
Resources
Most project managers agree that managing human resources effectively is one of the toughest challenges they face.
True
Ne of PERT’s main disadvantages is that it involves more work than CPM.
True
Since organizations depend on reliable information technology, there are also huge costs associated with ____.
downtime
Given the following estimates: Optimistic 3 days, Pessimistic 9 days, and most likely 6 days, what is the PERT weighted average?
6
It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during earlier phases.
False
As the number of people involved in a project , the complexity of communications
increases, increases
As the number of people involved in a project ____, the complexity of communications ____.
increases, increases
In early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually and the level of uncertainty is
lowest; highest
Project initiation involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.
False
Project integration management does not include interface management.
False
Project integration management must occur just within the context of a particular project.
False
Project management is the silver bullet that guarantees success on all projects.
False
The first step in creating a weighted scoring model is to assign a weight to each criterion.
False
The format of the WBS dictionary should be the same from project to project.
False
The gap between users and developers decreases as technology advances.
False
The global job market for information technology workers is contracting.
False
The information technology field is relatively stable and unchanging.
False
The introduction or overview of a project must only include a list of definitions and acronyms.
False
The kick-off meeting is always held before the business case and project charter are completed.
False
The ____________________ plan coordinates and encompasses information from all other plans.
project management
The main outputs of scope definition are the ____________________ and project document updates.
project scope statement
The principles of risk management should be followed only for:
All kinds of project
The executing tasks of the WBS remain constant from project to project.
False
When you see the functional form of organization on the exam, think ___
"silo"
Which of the following sequences represents straight line depreciation?
$100, $100, $100
If a project has a 60 percent chance of a $100,000 profit and a 40 percent chance of a $100,000 loss, the expected monetary value for the project is:
$20,000 profit
Suppose there is a 20 percent chance that you will earn $10,000 and a 80 percent chance that you will lose $100,000 on a particular protect. What is the projects estimated monetary value?
-$78.000
AC = 50000
-10000 -5000
If earned value (EV) = 350, actual cost (AC) = 400, planned value (PV) = 325, what is cost variance (CV)?
-50
The project charter is created in which project management process group
Initiating
You are managing a project in a just-in-time environment. This will require more attention, because the amount of inventory in such an environment is generally:
0 percent
If the optimistic estimate for an activity is 12 days, and the pessimistic estimate is 18 days, what is the standard deviation of this activity?
1
In the WBS, the name of the entire project is the top box, called Level
1
Using simplified percentage complete amounts for a one-year project with weekly reporting and an average task or work packet size of one week, you can expect about a(n) percent error rate
1
Which of the following is NOT a process of communication management?
Acquiring project team
Which of the following could be an appropriate WBS code for a work package at the fourth level in a WBS where the top level code is 1.0?
1.2.3.4
Communication is the key to the success of a project. As the project manager, you have three stakeholders with whom you need to communicate. As such, you have six channels of communication. A new stakeholder has been added that you also need to communicate with. How many communications channels do you have now?
10
In a weighted scoring model, the sum of all of the criteria’s weights must total percent.
100
If the optimistic time estimate for an activity is 8 days, most likely time is 10 days, and pessimistic time is 24 days. What is PERT
12
If the optimistic time estimate for an activity is 8 days, most likely time is 10 days, and pessimistic time is 24 days. What is PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) weighted average of this activity?
12
If the optimistic estimate for an activity is 14 days, the most likely estimate is 15 days, and the pessimistic estimate is 19 days, what should the duration of this activity?
15.5 days
More than ____________________ million people regard project management as their profession.
16
In , Henry Gantt developed the famous Gantt chart as a tool for scheduling work in factories
1917
The Manhattan Project cost almost $2 billion in
1946
Abraham Maslow, a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology in the
1950
The term “systems approach� emerged in the
1950s
By the , the U.S. military and its civilian suppliers developed software to assist in managing large projects
1970s
Most trade schools, colleges, and universities did not start offering degrees in computer technology, computer science, management information systems, or other information technology areas until the
1970s
Assume you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under?
2
In the WBS, the main groupings for the work are listed in Level
2
The Standish Group’s CHAOS studies reported an average cost overrun for unsuccessful IT projects ranged from 180 percent in 1994 to percent in 2004.
56
Many people cite research that says in a face-to-face interaction, percent of communication is through body language
58
What is one of the key problems with using crashing rather than fast tracking to compress project duration?
2.Budget constraints
If a risk has a 20 percent chance of happening in a given month, and the project is expected to last five months, what is the probability that this risk event will occur during the fourth month of the project?
20 percent
If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $120,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)?
20 percent
A research report showed that the U.S. spends the equivalent of percent of the nation’s gross domestic product on projects every year
25
Approximately what percentage pf the world's gross domestic product is spent on project?
25%
Six Sigma’s target for perfection is the achievement of no more than defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.
3.4
If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $130,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)?
30 percent
The “CHAOS� study found that more than ____________________ percent of information technology projects were canceled before completion.
31
Three separate surveys of software project cost overruns found that the average cost overrun for all of the projects in their survey samples (not just unsuccessful projects) were percent
33â€"34
Human resource management includes processes
4
There are main processes in project communications management
4
Work arounds are determined during which step of risk management?
4.Risk monitoring and control
An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200
40
An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily cost of $50. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost.
40
Projects involve project management process groups
5
There are ____ main processes involved in project scope management.
5
There are ____________________ main types of power, based on French and Raven’s classic study, “The Bases of Social Power.�
5
There are main processes involved in project scope management.
5
If earned value (EV) = 450, actual cost (AC) = 400, planned value (PV)=425, what is cost variance (CV)?
50
Four people have communications channel
6
You are the project manager for the POL Project. This project will use PERT to calculate the estimates for activity duration. For activity D, you have the following information: P=10 days, O=6 days, M=5 days. What is the result of PERT?
6 days
If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $320,000 and total discounted costs are $200,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)?
60 percent
It is good practice to focus on the of meetings
65
What percentage of the total distribution is 1 sigma from the mean equal to?
68.29%
On large projects, many project managers say that percent of the job is communicating and managing changes
90
A certainty factor of 1.960 is used for percent desired certainty
95
According to the Standish Group study describing what factors contribute most to the success of information technology projects, percent of successful projects are led by experienced project managers.
97
In any normal distribution, percent of the population is within three standard deviations of the mean.
99.7
What percentage of the total distribution is 3 sigma from the mean equal to?
99.73%
KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that ____ percent of the organizations surveyed had a Project Management Office.
A 64
With a(n) ____ contract, the buyer pays the supplier for allowable performance costs plus a fixed fee payment usually based on a percentage of estimated costs.
A CPFF
Involves obtaining seller responses, selecting sellers, and awarding contracts.
A Conducting procurements
Are developed for risks that have a high impact on meeting project objectives, and are put into effect if attempts to reduce the risk are not effective.
A Fallback plans
Involves determining which risks are likely to affect a project and documenting the characteristics of each.
A Identifying risks
A(n) ____ is a document used to solicit quotes or bids from prospective suppliers.
A RFQ
Involves eliminating a specific threat, usually by eliminating its causes.
A Risk avoidance
Involves doing whatever you can to make sure the positive risk happens.
A Risk exploitation
A project manager may use to make sure the team members clearly know what work is included in each of their work packages.
A WBS dictionary
In a risk breakdown structure, competitors, suppliers, and cash flow are categories that fall under ____ risk.
A business
Which of the following is NOT needed in order to come up with a project estimate?
A change control system
A program is which one of the following?
A collection of projects with a common objective
An experienced project manager has just begun working for a large information technology integrator. Her manager provides her with a draft project charter and immediately asks her to provide an analysis of the risks on the project. Which of the following would BEST help in this effort?
A conversation with a team member from a similar project that failed in the past
Which of the following is CORRECT?
A critical path can run over a dummy
A(n) ____ is a diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain.
A decision tree
How is a functional organization set up?
A functional organization is grouped by areas of specialization, e.g. accounting, marketing, and manufacturing).
Value analysis is performed to get
A less costly way of doing the same work
What is a program?
A means to gain benefits and control of related projects
For many projects, properly ____ some information technology functions can be a great investment.
A outsourcing
Which is not a project attribute?
A project should have only one project manager and one technical leader
Which of the following describes how project requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed
A requirements management plan
Those who are ____ have a higher tolerance for risk, and their satisfaction increases when more payoff is at stake.
A risk-seeking
A project manager is appointed to head a highly technical project in an area with which this person has limited familiarity. The project manager delegates the processes of Develop schedule, Estimate Costs, Define Activities, and Estimate Activity Resources to various project team members, and basically serves as an occasional referee and coordinator of activities.
A team that is characterized by poor performance, low morale, high levels of conflict and high turnover
A unilateral contract under which the seller is paid a preset amount per unit of service is called:
A unit price contract
Which of the following is a task at the lowest level of the WBS
A work package
A fixed-price-plus-incentive-fee (FPI) contract has a target cost of $130,000, a target profit of $15,000, a target price of $145,000, a ceiling price of $160,000, and a share ratio of 80/20. The actual cost of the project was $150,000. How much profit does the seller make?
A. $10,000
A cost-plus-percentage-cost (CPPC) contract has an estimated cost of $120,000 with an agreed profit of 10% of the costs. The actual cost of the project is $130,000. What is the total reimbursement to the seller?
A. $143,000
If a company loses $5 for every $100 in revenue for a certain product, what is the profit margin for that product?
A. -5 percent
Which of the following is not a process of communication management?
Acquiring project team
What is an example of project integration?
A. Accounting provides the cost estimate required for the help center's contingency plan.
The project plan is a document designed to tell _____ exactly what should be happening in a given period of time.
A. Anyone associated with the project
Ensures that the description of the project's products are correct and complete
A. Configuration management
The sender is responsible for:
A. Confirming the message is understood.
Involves getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project
Acquiring the project
Fixed price and incentive type contracts place responsibility for performance and financial risks associated with delay or non-performance on the:
A. Contractor
Which type of cost is team training?
A. Direct
In which phases of a project life cycle, the level of uncertainty (risk) is highest?
A. Early phases
In the integration management process, the project plan development uses the outputs of the other planning processes to create a consistent, coherent document that can be used to guide both project ________ and project __________.
A. Execution, control
Forcing, as a means to manage conflict:
A. Exerts one's view at the potential expense of another party.
Which of the following Human Resource process generates Roles & Responsibilities :
A. Human Resource Planning
In general, for which phase is risk and uncertainty maximum?
A. Initial phase
Feasibility studies are performed in the ______ process group of the project.
A. Initiating
In which process group do we examine the alternative ways of accomplishing project objectives?
A. Initiating
Project feasibility studies are conducted during which of the project phases?
A. Initiating
This tool and technique of Quality Control keeps errors from reaching the customer:
A. Inspection
Which of the following statements concerning a scope statement are true?
A. It provides a documented basis for making future project decisions and for developing common understanding of the project scope among stakeholders.
Involves getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project.
Acquiring the project team
Deflection or transfer of a risk to another party is part of which of the following risk response categories?
A. Mitigation
Is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration.
A. PERT
Legitimate power is:
A. Power derived from a person's formal position in the organization.
Is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements,
A. Quality
The process of evaluating overall project performance on a regular basis to provide confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards is called:
A. Quality Assurance
What is the process that evaluates the influence of the risk quantitatively by the amount of money, etc.?
A. Quantitative Risk Analysis
In communications management, to assimilate through the mind or senses is the process of:
A. Receiving
A series of consecutive points on the same side of the average is called:
A. Run
Based on the following, if you needed to shorten the duration of the project, what activity would you try to shorten?
Activity C
Is a quantitative risk analysis tool that uses a model of a system to analyze the expected behavior or performance of the system.
A. Simulation
A team member who doesn't have the required skills or knowledge was assigned to a team. Who is responsible for ensuring that he receives the proper training?
A. Sponsor
A document or tool which describes when and how human resources will be brought onto and taken off the project team is called a:
A. Staffing Management Plan
A project planning methodology is any structured approach used to guide the project team during development of the project plan. What is an example of this methodology?
A. Standard forms or templates.
In scope management, decomposition involves:
A. Subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller and more manageable components.
Which of the following is not a phase of the traditional project life cycle?
A. System analysis
During the planning development process, at times it is necessary to make certain assumptions to enhance the project plan when the data is not available. In regard to making those assumptions, which one of the following is most true for project planning purposes?
A. The assumptions will be considered as true, real, or certain.
Changes are difficult and cumbersome to incorporate with the complex systems used by contractors. What is the reason for this difficulty?
A. The lack of detail available concerning the tasks to be achieved on a project
Life-cycle costs are the total costs:
A. To the organization for the ownership and acquisition of the project over its full life.
All of the following are outputs from performance reporting EXCEPT:
A. Trend analysis
Management reserves are used to handle which type of risk?
A. Unknown unknowns
When is the earned-value approach appropriate to use.
A. When accurate and timely cost data are available.
The three major types of communication are:
A. Written, verbal, and non-verbal.
In many application areas, configuration management is a subset of the change control system and is used to ensure that the description of the project's product is _______ and _______.
A. correct and complete
You cannot start editing a technical report until someone else completes the first draft. What type of dependency does this represent?
A. finish-to-start
Which of the following is not a process in project communications management?
A. information planning
You are preparing a cost estimate for a building based on its location, purpose, number of square feet, and other characteristics. What cost estimating technique are you using?
A. parametric
Is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project’s objectives and management.
A. project charter
The person who should be in control of the project during project management planning is the
A. project manager.
What is the preferred order for performing testing on information technology projects?
A. unit testing, integration testing, system testing, user acceptance testing
Scope _________ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables.
A. verification
A project plan is:
A.A formal, approved document used to guide both project execution and project control.
Which of the following is a common characteristic of most project life cycle descriptions?
A.Cost and staffing are low at the start, higher towards the end, and drop rapidly as the project nears completion.
A period of time in work weeks which includes non-working days is called:
A.Elapsed Time
Project scope is:
A.The work that must be done in order to deliver a product with the specified features and functions.
The is the total direct and indirect costs incurred in accomplishing work on an activity during a given period
AC
What is the difference between PDM and ADM?
ADM places activities on arrows; PDM places activities on nodes.
Is best known for developing a hierarchy of needs.
Abraham Maslow
Double declining balance is a form of:
Accelerated depreciation
During the Plan Risk Management process, your team has come up with 434 risks and 16 major causes of those risks. The project is the last of a series of projects that the team has worked on together. The sponsor is very supportive, and a lot of time was invested in making sure the project work was complete and signed off by all key stakeholders.
Accept the risk
Determine(s) if the products or services produced as part of the project will be accepted or rejected.
Acceptance
All of the following are outputs of quality planning EXCEPT?
Acceptance decisions
Organizations can gain access to specific skills and technologies when they are required by using outside resources." refers to the ____ benefit of outsourcing.
Access skills and technologies
The performing organization is trying to decide whether to split the contracts department and assign procurement responsibilities to departments directly responsible for the projects. A procurement professional might not want this split to occur because they would lose ____ in a decentralized contracting environment.
Access to others with similar expertise
The state of being totally answerable for the satisfactory completion of a specific assignment is called
Accountability
Should receive frequent performance feedback, and although money is not an important motivator to them, it is an effective form of feedback.
Achievers
Earned value is all of the following except:
Actual cost of work performed.
It is the middle of the project when the project manager is informed by her scheduler that the project control limits are secure. That same morning she receives a note from a team member about a problem he is having. The note says, "This activity is driving me crazy and the manager of the accounting department won't help me until the activity's float is in jeopardy." In addition, the project manager has e-mails from a minor stakeholder and 14 e-mails from team members.
Add the implemented corrective action to the historical records, discuss the value of documentation at the next team meeting, and smooth the team member with the accounting department problem
A project manager has just finished the risk response plan for a $387,000 engineering project. Which of the following should he probably do NEXT?
Add work packages to the project work breakdown structure
The cost contingency reserve should be:
Added to the base costs of the project to account for risks
All of the following MUST be present to have a contract EXCEPT:
Address of the seller
Involves managing relationships with sellers, monitoring contract performance, and making changes as needed.
Administering procurements
According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, people who desire harmonious relation with other people and need to feel accepted have a high_______ need.
Affiliation
A key barrier to team development is:
B. When team members are accountable to both functional and project managers.
Early in the life of your project, you are having a discussion with the sponsor about what estimating techniques should be used. You want a form of expert judgment, but the sponsor argues for analogous estimating. It would be BEST to:
Agree to analogous estimating, as it is a form of expert judgment
The sponsor is worried about the seller deriving extra profit on the cost plus fixed fee (CPFF) contract. Each month he requires the project manager to submit CPI calculations and an analysis of the cost to complete. The project manager explains to the sponsor that extra profits should NOT be a worry on this project because:
All costs invoiced are being audited
What is core of the advantages of a functional organization?
All employees report to one manager and have a clear chain of command
The process needs to be examined for non-random
All the others
Psychologist David Merril describes as reactive and people-oriented
Amiables
Who of the following are ALWAYS stakeholders?
An assembly line worker that will use the product of the project.
Use the actual cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating the cost of the current project
Analogous estimates
Psychologist David Merril describes as reactive and task-oriented
Analytical
The customer requests a change to the project that would increase the project risk. Which of the following should you do before all the others?
Analyze the impacts of the change with the team.
During project executing, a team member identifies a risk that is not in the risk register. What should you do?
Analyze the risk
Which of the following is the BEST thing for a project manager to do in the Conduct Procurements process of procurement management?
Answer sellers' questions about bid documents
Project Stakeholder are:
Anybody who is actively working on the project
A project manager is quantifying risk for her project. Several of her experts are offsite, but wish to be included. How can this be done
Apply the Delphi technique
Is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range.
Appraisal cost
In many organizations, project managers also support an emerging business strategy of project portfolio management. Portfolio management addresses question like_____.
Are we working on the right projects?
A project manager overhears a conversation between two stakeholders who are talking about how unhappy they are with the impacts of the project on their own departments. Stakeholder A asks if the project is on time, and stakeholder B replies that the SPI is 1.05. Stakeholder A asks if the project manager for the project knows of stake holder B's concern. Stakeholder B responds that he is not sure. What is the BEST thing for the project manager to do?
Arrange a meeting with both stakeholders to allow them to voice any concerns they may have
A team member is not performing well on the project because she is inexperienced in system development work. There is no one else available who is better qualified to do the work. What is the BEST solution for the project manager?
Arrange for the team member to get training
Was an early project management software product that helped managers analyze complex schedules for designing aircraft
Artemis
The customer responsible for overseeing your project asks you to provide a written cost estimate that is 30 percent higher than your estimate of the project's cost. He explains that the budgeting process requires managers to estimate pessimistically to ensure enough money is allocated for projects.
Ask for information on risks that would cause your estimate to be too low
The project is mostly complete. The project has a schedule variance of 300 and a cost variance of -900. All but one of the quality control inspections have been completed and all have met the quality requirements. All items in the issue log have been resolved.
Ask the customer for a description of the change
The seller tells you that your activities have resulted in an increase in their costs. You should:
Ask the seller for supporting information
The project was going well when all of a sudden there were changes to the project coming from multiple stakeholders. After all the changes were determined, the project manager spent time with all the stakeholders to find out why there were changes and to discover any more. The project work has quieted down when a team member casually mentions to the project manager that he added functionality to a product of the project. "Do not worry," he says, "I did not impact time, cost, or quality!" What should a project manager do FIRST?
Ask the team member how he knows there is no time, cost, or quality impact
A team member is visiting the manufacturing plant of one of the suppliers. Which of the following is the MOST important thing to be done in any telephone calls the project manager might make to the team member?
Ask the team member to repeat back what the project manager says
When do stakeholders have the MOST influence on a project?
At the beginning of the project
When should the Verify Scope process be done?
At the end of each phase of the project
A project performed under a cost reimbursable contract has finally entered the Close Procurements process. What MUST the buyer remember to do?
Audit seller's cost submittals
An output of the Close Project or Phase process is the creation of
Project archives
An October 2005 Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)â€"sponsored report stated that total savings from offshore resources during the 2005-2010 period are estimated to grow from $8.7 billion to ____.
B $20.4 billion
An October 2005 Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)â€"sponsored report stated that spending for global sources of computer software and services is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of about ____ percent.
B 20
With a(n) ____ contract, the buyer pays the supplier for allowable performance costs along with a predetermined fee and an incentive bonus.
B CPIF
Outputs to the ____ process include selected sellers, procurement contract awards, resource calendars, change requests, and updates to the project management plan and other project documents.
B Conducting procurement
Change orders are oral or written acts or omissions by someone with actual or apparent authority that can be construed to have the same effect as a written change order.
B Constructive
Involves taking steps to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to meeting project objectives.
B Planning risk responses
A(n) ____ is a document used to solicit proposals from prospective suppliers.
B RFP
Applies to positive risks when the project team cannot or chooses not to take any actions toward a risk.
B Risk acceptance
Involves allocating ownership of the risk to another party.
B Risk sharing
A(n) ____ represents decision problems by displaying essential elements, including decisions, uncertainties, causality, and objectives, and how they influence each other.
B influence diagram
Communication is the key to the succes o a project. As the project manager, ou have three stakeholders with whom ou need to communicate. As scuch, ou have six channels of communication. A new stakeholder has been added that ou also need to communicate with. How many communication channels do you have now?
B. 10
You are the project manager for the POL Project. This project will use PERT to calculate the estimates for activity duration. For activity D, you have the following information: P=9, O=4, M=5. What is the result of PERT?
B. 5.5 weeks
What IT function has the largest percentage of work outsourced?
B. Disaster recovery
The state of being totally answerable for the satisfactory completion of a specific assignment is called:
B. Accountability
A(n) is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes to a project
CCB
A technique for resolving conflict in which the parties agree to have a neutral third party hear the dispute and make a decision is called:
B. Arbitration
Include people, hardware, software, or other assets.
Resources
Project management, as an integration function, has the need to either make or buy components of the system. The decision to make or buy is based on all the following but __________.
B. Availability of funds
All of the following aid in achieving consensus EXCEPT:
B. Avoiding conflict.
Operations and Maintenance efforts should:
B. Be treated as part of the project's life cycle
Which is not an appropriate description of the work of Integrated Change Control?
B. Change the Schedule only.
A structured tool, usually industry or activity specific, used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed is called:
B. Check list
Which of the following are outputs from the Communications Planning process?
B. Communications management plan
During what part of the procurement process does contract negotiation occur?
B. Conduct procurements
Which of the following is not a tool or technique used during the Risk Quantification Process?
B. Contingency planning
Is known for his work on quality control in Japan and developed the 14 Points for Management in his text Out of the Crisis.
B. Deming
Design of experiments cannot be applied to project management issues such as cost and schedule trade-offs.
False
In a project that has never been done before, the PM must select one or more methods of estimating task duration. What is the most reliable method under this described situation?
B. Expert judgement
And SPI less than one or less than 100 percent indicate problems.
CPI - Cost performance index - Cost performance index (CPI)
The ability of a product to be used for different purposes at different capacities and under different conditions determines its:
B. Flexibility
Human resource administration is the primary responsibility of the:
B. Human Resources Department
Contingency reserves are intended to:
B. Involve cost, schedule or both
What impact does a matrix organization have on project team development?
B. It complicates team development.
Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control?
B. Minimize change
Project Management is :
B. Needed because the functional organization and its methods of planning and control cannot otherwise assure that complex projects will be completed on time.
When planning cost for the project, project manager included 10% of estimated effort in estimation of future
Contingency reserves
The sending or conveying of information from one place to another is the process of:
B. Transmitting
Quadruple Constraints of Project Management means ____constraints.
Cost, time, quality, and scope
In a program or project plan, there are always revisions to account for new or missing datA. Which one of the following provides the best reason for performing a revision of the plan?
B. Project tasks are crashed to meet their end dates
Power is based on a person’s individual charisma.
B. Referent
A tool which links the project roles and responsibilities to the project scope definition is called:
B. Responsibility Assignment Matrix
What are the four parts of the communications model?
B. Sender, Message, Medium, Receiver
Which of the following functions does not pertain to the roles and responsibilities of the project manager ?
B. Staffing
Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.2? (Hint: Burn rate is the same as the Cost Performance Index)
B. The AC is 100 and the EV is 120.
The belief that management's high levels of trust, confidence and commitment to workers leads to high levels of motivation and productivity on the part of workers is a part of which motivation theory?
B. Theory Z
A _______ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project
B. WBS
What tool can you use to determine whether a process is in control or out of control?
B. a control chart
Which of the following is not a key output of project cost management?
B. a cost management plan
What is the first process in planning a project schedule?
B. defining activities
If a project is halfway completed and its schedule performance index is 110 percent and its cost performance index is 95 percent, how is it progressing?
B. it is ahead of schedule and over budget
A ___________ report is a reflective statement documenting important things that people learned from working on the project.
B. lessons-learned
The seven run rule states that if seven data points in a row on a control chart are all below the mean, above the means, or all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for _________ problems.
B. non-random
A person who is risk ______ receives greater satisfaction when more payoff is at stake and is willing to pay a penalty to take risks.
B. seeking
Occur when two or more activities follow a single node
Burst
What is the main goal of project cost management?
B. to complete a project within an approved budget
During what Time Management Process are the specific activities that must be performed to produce the deliverables in the WBS identified and documented?
B.Activity Definition
Who should contribute to the development of the project plan?
B.Entire project team including project manager
What is the purpose of the WBS?
B.To ensure that all work within a project is identified and defined within a common framework.
KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that ____ percent identified anticipating and avoiding problems as the primary benefit of risk management.
B80
Tools track the execution of business process flows and expose how the state of supporting IT
BSM
Generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization
Benchmarking
Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance?
Benchmarking
Who control the project budget in balance matrix organization structure?
Both project manager and functional manager
Involve estimating individual work items or activities and summing them to get a project total
Bottom-up
Is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost
Crashing
Although the stakeholders thought there was enough money in the budget, halfway through the project the cost performance index (CPI) is 0.7. To determine the root cause, several stakeholders audit the project and discover the project cost budget was estimated analogously.
Bottom-up estimating should have been used
Is a technique by which a group attempts to generate ideas or find a solution for a specific problem by amassing ideas spontaneously and without judgment.
Brainstorming
In the information technology planning stage, the analysis outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology
Business Area Analysis
Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project?
Business case
Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating project?
Business case
Which strategic technology considers in efficient using of computer resources, social responsibility, and environmental impact?
Business process modeling
Determining the relationships among tasks is not essential in helping to improve project scheduling.
False
KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that ____ percent of the participants said they had procedures in place to identify and assess risk.
C 97
What is the first step in a Monte Carlo analysis?
C Assess the range for the variables being considered.
From the supplier’s perspective, there is the least risk with a(n) ____ contract.
C CPPC
Are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.
C Contingency plans
Involve payment to the supplier for direct and indirect actual costs.
C Cost-reimbursable contracts
Analysis simulates a model’s outcome many times to provide a statistical distribution of the calculated results.
C Monte Carlo
Unenforceable conditions or contract clauses, and adversarial relations are risk conditions associated with the ____ project management knowledge area.
C Procurement
Involves changing the size of the opportunity by identifying and maximizing key drivers of the positive risk.
C Risk enhancement
Involves shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party.
C Risk transference
William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak’s study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of quality management.
C information systems
William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak’s study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of risk management.
C information systems
A project manager can chart the probability and impact of risks on a ____.
C probability/impact matrix
Suppose there is a 30 percent chance that you will lose $10,000 and a 70 percent chance that you will earn $100,000 on a particular protect. What is the projects estimated monetary value?
C, $67,000
It estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $120,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)?
C. 20 percent
Six Sigmas target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _________ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.
C. 3.4
Many companies have realized that information technology is integral to their business and have created a vice president or equivalent-level position for the head of information technology, often called the
CIO
Under what situation should the PM issue updates to the approved cost baseline.
C. A change of scope has occurred.
With a(n) ____ contract, the buyer pays the supplier for allowable performance costs along with a predetermined percentage based on total costs.
CPPC
A risk response which involves eliminating a threat is called:
C. Avoidance
Most schedule simulations are based on some form of which of the following?
C. CPM
By which means is a contractor able to control costs overruns due to changing requirements?
C. Change control
Is the earned value minus the actual cost
CV
Direct costs cannot be directly attributed to a certain project.
False
A leadership style in which the project manager shares problems with team members and formulates solutions as a group is called:
C. Consensus
One of the initial project documents, issued by senior management, which outlines the authority of the project manager, is called Project charter. As a seller, what other document can be used in this place:
C. Contract
Group brainstorming encourages all of the following except:
C. Convergent thinking
Helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes
CMMI
Acquire Project team process will be performed under:
C. Executing Process Group
Setting strategic project objectives are the responsibility of the:
C. Executive or user groups
During what part of the procurement process does procurement negotiation occur?
Conduct Procurements
Which is the contract form specifying an amount when the scope is made clear?
C. Fixed-price
Which of the following is not a process of project human resource management?
C. Information Distribution
A tool that analyzes the inputs to a process to identify the causes of errors is called:
C. Ishikawa diagram
The concept of zero inventory is called:
C. Just in Time
In negotiating with functional department managers, project managers often find themselves using what two-party conflict management approach?
C. Lose-Lose
Reserves allow for future situations that are unpredictable.
C. Management
The is the ratio of earned value to actual cost and can be used to estimate the projected cost of completing the project
CPI
Which motivational theory uses the concept of theory X?
C. McGregor
Of the following, which one is not a typical activity of a project manager?
C. Milestone completion
In development of the project plan, which of the following elements should be included to reduce project risk?
C. Mitigation plans
The seven primary characteristics that are common to all projects are:
C. Objectives, schedule, complexity, size and nature of task, resources, and integrated information and control system.
Which of the following is part of the expectency theory of motivation?
C. People tend to be highly productive and motivated if they believe their efforts will lead to successful results and that success will lead to personal rewards.
An activity that consumes no time or resources and shows only that a dependency exists between two activities is called:
C.A dummy activity
All of the following are reasons project fail EXCEPT:
C. Planning and closing
Involves allocating the project cost estimate to individual work items over time.
C. Project cost budgeting
Which process performs prioritization of the project risk?
C. Qualitative Risk Analysis
The overall intentions and direction of an organization with regard to quality as formally expressed by top management is a:
C. Quality Policy
In crashing the schedule, you would focus on:
C.Accelerating the performance of tasks on the critical path
Project Risk Management includes all of the following processes except:
C. Risk Analysis
Which of the following are outputs of the Scope Verification Process?
C.Formal acceptance
Refer(s) to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to created them
C. Scope
The unique identifiers assigned to each item of a WBS are often known collectively as:
C.The code of accounts
Allow for future situations that may be partially planned for
Contingency reserves
All organizations should be supportive of the performing organization's long term goals. These type of goals are best described as
C. Strategic
The development of long term goals set by executive management is called:
C. Strategic Planning
Which of the following definition is not correct:
C. Team Building - Forming a team from scratch for a new project.
Who is directly responsible for satisfying project requirements?
C. The project manager.
Duration only includes the actual amount of time worked on an activity.
False
The change control system must include all but which of the following
C. Verbal approvals
Project management software helps you develop a ______ which serves as a basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs.
C. WBS
What is critical path?
C.The longest path through the network, which represents the shortest amount of time in which a project can be completed.
What type of diagram shows planned and actual project schedule information?
C. a Tracking Gantt chart
What is the primary purpose of a milestone chart?
C.To show significant events in the project such as completion of key deliverables.
Each project phase is marked by completion of one or more:
C. deliverables
As the project manager for a software development project, you are helping to develop the project schedule. You decide that writing code for a system should not start until users sign off on the analysis work. What type of dependency is this?
C. discretionary
A staffing management plan often includes a resource ______, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project over time.
C. histogram
What tool can you use to help manage stakeholders by ranking scope, time, and cost goals in order of importance and provide guidelines on balancing these constraints?
C. issue log
The amount of time that an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the project end date is called:
C.Total Float
PMI’s OPM3 is an example of a model or framework for helping organizations improve their processes and systems.
C. maturity
Which risk management process involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence?
C. performing qualitative risk analysis
Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of schedule report?
C.fishbone diagram
The independence of two events in which the occurrence of one is not related to the occurrence of the other is called:
C. statistical independence
The integrated project plan provides the baseline of:
C. which changes will be controlled
To calculate the late start and late finish dates for a set of tasks, you must do:
C.A backwards pass
Cost performance measurement is BEST done through which of the following?
Calculating earned value and using the indexes and other calculations to report pas performance and forecast future performance.
We can prevent defects by all of the followings
Carefully monitor project
Is a method for determining the estimated annual costs and benefits for a project and the resulting annual cash flow
Cash flow analysis
Diagrams trace complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations.
Cause-and-effect - Fishbone - Ishikawa
The Project Management , a Web site for people involved in project management, provides an alphabetical directory of more than 300 project management software solutions.
Center
Based on risks that have been encountered in previous projects provide a meaningful template for understanding risks in a current project.
Checklists
Involves completion and settlement of each contract, including resolution of any open items.
Closing procurements
All of the following are phases of the traditional project lifecycle, Except?
Coding
Involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them
Collecting requirements
Lack of consultation with key stakeholders can cause risk of
Communication
Which of the following is not part of the triple constraint of project management?
Communication
Which of the following leadership traits is MOST important for a project manager?
Communication
A project manager has just been assigned a team that comes from many countries, including Brazil, Japan, the US, and Britain. What is her BEST tool for success?
Communication and well-developed people skills
With a clear contract statement of work, a seller completes work as specified, but the buyer is not pleased with the results. The contract is considered to be:
Complete
One of the stakeholders on the project contacts the project manager to discuss some additional scope they would like to add to the project. The project manager asks for details in writing and then works through the Control Scope process. What should the project manager do NEXT when the evaluation of the requested scope is complete?
Complete integrated change control
All technical work is completed on the project. Which of the following remains to be done
Complete lessons learned
A project manager has just found out that a major subcontractor for her project is consistently late delivering work. The project team member responsible for this part of the project does not get along with the subcontractor. To resolve the problem, the project manager says, "You both will have to give up something to solve this problern," What conflict resolution method is she using?
Compromise
Bidder conferences are part of:
Conduct Procurements
The project team is arguing about the prospective sellers who have submitted proposals. One team member argues for a certain seller while another team member wants the project awarded to a different seller. What part of the procurement process is the team in?
Conduct Procurements
Ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete.
Configuration management
Ensures that the descriptions of the project’s products are correct and complete
Configuration management
A project manager has just been assigned to a new project and has been given the project charter. The FIRST thing the project manager must do is:
Confirm that all the stakeholders have had input into the scope
A project manager had a complex problem to solve and made a decision about what needed to be done. A few months later, the problem resurfaced. What did the project manager MOST likely not do?
Confirm that the decision solved the problem
A project manager must publish a project schedule. Activities, start/end times, and resources are identified. What should the project manager do NEXT?
Confirm the availability of the resources
The MOST likely result of communication blockers is that:
Conflict occurs
Means the project’s processes and products meet written specifications
Conformance to requirements
When using the ______, project manager directly face….
Confrontation
Which of the following best describes a directly face a conflict using a problem-solving conflict resolution technique
Confrontation
Which of the following best describes a directly face a conflict using a problem-solving conflict resolution technique?
Confrontation
The main focus of life cycle costing is to
Consider operations and maintenance costs in making project decisions
The main focus of life cycle costing is to ___
Consider operations and maintenance costs in making project decisions.
Linear programming is an example of what type of project selection criteria?
Constrained optimization
An example of a project is:
Constructing a building or facility
The client demands changes to the product specification that will add only two weeks to the critical path. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the project manager to do?
Consult with the sponsor about options
Are provisions held by the project sponsor or organization to reduce the risk of cost or schedule overruns to an acceptable level.
Contingency reserves - Contingency allowances
A routine audit of a cost reimbursable (CR) contract determines that overcharges are being made. If the contract does not specify corrective action, the buyer should:
Continue to make project payments
All the following statements about change control are incorrect EXCEPT:
Contracts should include procedures to accommodate changes
To prevent defects, rather than to detect of reject them
Control chart
Involves controlling changes to project scope throughout the life of the project, which is a challenge on many information technology projects
Controlling scope
Involves controlling and managing changes to the project schedule
Controlling the schedule
Should result in improvements in project performance
Corrective actions
Bertha is the project manager for the HAR Project. The project is behind schedule and Bertha has elected, with management's approval, to crash the critical path. This process adds more what?
Cost
Bertha is the project manager for the HAR Project. The project is behind schedule and Bertha has elected, with management's approval, to crash the critical path. This process adds more what? (Choose the best answer.)
Cost
The inputs to Cost Budgeting includes all of the following except:
Cost baseline
All the following are examples of Perform Quality Control EXCEPT:
Cost of quality
What type of contract do you NOT want to use if you do not have enough labor to audit invoices?
Cost plus fixed fee (CPFF)
The sponsor and the project manager are discussing what type of contract the project manager plans to use on the project. The buyer points out that theperforming organization spent a lot of money hiring a design team to come up with the design. The project manager is concerned that the risk for the buyer be as small as possible. An advantage of a fixed price contract for the buyer is:
Cost risk is lower
Quadruple Constraints of Project Management means ____constraints
Cost, time, quality, and scope
You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to add more project team members to the project plan to complete the work on time. This is an example of which of the following?
Crashing
Is a planning process falling under the Project Scope Management knowledge area
Create WBS
The project charter for a project was approved for planning and you have just been assigned as project manager. Realizing that project planning is an ongoing effort throughout the project, which processes are you MOST likely to combine?
Create WBS and Define Activities
The WBS, estimates for each work package, and the network diagram are completed. Which of the following would be the NEXT thing for the project manager to do?
Create a preliminary schedule and get the teams approval
During project executing, a major problem occurs that was not included in the risk register. What should you do FIRST?
Create a workaround
There have been many work packages completed successfully on the project, and the sponsor has made some recommendations for improvements. The project is on schedule to meet an aggressive deadline when the successor activity to a critical path activity suffers a major setback. The activity has 14 days of float and is being completed by four people. There are two other team members with the skill set to assist the troubled activity, if needed. The project manager receives a call that three other team members are attempting to be removed from the project because they do not feel the project can be successful. When the project manager pursues this, she discovers that those team members have issues that have not been addressed. Which of the following is the BEST thing to do to improve the project?
Create an issue log
The project status meeting is not going weIl. Everyone is talking at the same time, there are people who are not participating, and many topics are being discussed at random. Which of the following rules for effective meetings is NOT being adhered to?
Create and publish an agenda and a set of rules for controlling the meeting
A company is making an effort to improve its project performance and create historical records of past projects.
Create lessons learned
The project has been challenging to manage. Everyone has been on edge due to pressure to complete the project on time. Unfortunately, the tension has grown to the point where team meetings have become shouting matches and little work is accomplished during the meetings. One team member asks to be excused from future team meetings, as all the shouting upsets him. Meanwhile, the sponsor has asked to attend team meetings in order to better understand how the project is going and the issues involved in completing the project, and the customer has started discussions about adding scope to the project. In this situation, it would be BEST for the project manager to:
Create new ground rules for the meetings and introduce them to the team
All of the following result from quality audits EXCEPT
Creation of quality metrics
Is a method of scheduling that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date
Critical chain
Is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration
Critical path analysis
To control the schedule, a project manager is analyzing the project to predict project duration. She does this by analyzing the sequence of activities with the least amount of scheduling flexibility. What technique is she using?
Critical path method
Wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects
Crosby
Which of the following statements is not true?
Cultural differences will always be an obstacle to overcome.
Which of the following is a KEY attribute of scope verification?
Customer acceptance of project deliverables
Which of the following is a KEY output of the Verify Scope process?
Customer acceptance of project deliverables
Poor conflict management, poor project organization and definition of responsibilities, and absence of leadership are risk conditions associated with the ____ project management knowledge area.
D Human Resources
Is a fact-finding technique for collecting information in face-to-face, phone, e-mail, or instant-messaging discussions.
D Interviewing
Involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives.
D Performing quantitative risk analysis
Involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence.
D Risk mitigation
The ____ is a description of the work required for the procurement.
D SOW
Risks are a direct result of implementing a risk response.
D Secondary
Are/is a qualitative risk analysis tool, and in addition to identifying risks, it maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project.
D Top Ten Risk Item Tracking
KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that the most frequently cited benefit from software risk management practices is to ____.
D anticipate/avoid problems
Many organizations use ____ and templates to generate SOWs.
D samples
There are ____ major processes involved in risk management.
D six
According to the Standish Group’s success potential scoring sheet, ____ has the highest relative importance.
D user involvement
How close to actual costs should a definitive budget estimate be?
D. -5 percent to +10 percent
If you add three more people to a project team of five, how many more communications channels will you add?
D. 18
An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily ccost of $100. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost.
D. 60
When should risk identification be performed? (select best answer)
D. Risk identification should be performed on a regular basis throughout the project.
Regular changes, which are processed through the change control system:
D. Are coordinated and communicated across all functional areas of the project to ensure
Generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.
D. Benchmarking
Are indicators or symptoms of actual risk events, such as a cost overrun on early activities being a symptom of poor cost estimates.
D. Triggers
E-mail is always an appropriate medium for all types of communications.
False
What popular book illustrates the concept that people are not interchangeable parts and uses the analogy that you cannot take nine women and produce a baby in one month?
D. Brooks’s The Mythical Man•Month
What tool could you use to see if there is a relationship between two variables?
D. a scatter diagram
When should a change request be documented?
D. Client and contractor jointly document and approve the change before the work is scheduled
In which process group do we transfer resources to other systems?
D. Closing
Which of the following statements describes the relationship between project phases and project lifecycle?
D. Collectively, the project phases are known as the project lifecycle.
Which of the following is not a process of Project Communcations Management?
D. Conflict Resolution
Is a resource sacrificed or foregone to achieve a specific objective or something given up in exchange?
D. Cost
Which is/are the element(s) that may be a constraint in the project?
D. Cost, time, and quality
The project status meeting is not going well. Everyone is talking at the same time, there are people who are not participating and many topics are being discussed at random. Which of the following rules for effective meetings is NOT being adhered to?
D. Create and publish an agenda and a set of rules for controlling the meeting
Is a method of scheduling that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date.
D. Critical chain scheduling
Which risk identification tool involves deriving a consensus among a panel of experts using anonymous input regarding future events?
D. Delphi technique
The receiver filters messages based on all but the following:
D. Distance
Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on information technology projects?
D. Don’t involve too many users in scope management
Is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data.
D. Earned value analysis
What is Team Development?
D. Helping people work together more effectively to improve project performance
All of the following are communication tools EXCEPT:
D. Inputing data into a spreadsheet
Fixed-price contracts are equivalent to:
D. Lump-sum contracts
Of the problems are found in 20% of the work is a concept of:
D. Pareto
All of the following statements are true regarding Pareto diagrams and Pareto theory except:
D. Pareto diagrams use two variables.
Which of the following is not considered a cost of nonconformance to quality?
D. Process control
What is the structured review process from Procurement Planning to Contract Administration?
D. Procurement audits
Which of the following is NOT a process in the project life cycle?
D. Project reporting
Which is incorrect as the purpose of creating a Project plan?
D. Review the cost.
Is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives.
D. Risk
The project closing process is essential to overall project planning. What is considered one of the most important steps in closing the project?
D. Satisfying the contractual obligations
Which of the following Project Scope Management processes involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components?
D. Scope Definition
What is not the purpose of project quality management?
D. to ensure that the project team doesn't miss any requirement item
Which of the following is not a tool or technique for managing project teams?
D. Social Styles Profile
Lessons learned are BEST completed by:
D. Stakeholders
If a risk event has a 90 percent chance of occurring, and the consequences will be $10,000, what does $9,000 represent?
Expected monetary value
Every item on the WBS needs to be on the network diagram.
False
Within the five overlapping process groups of initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing which processes dominate in all project phases?
D. They are all essential in each phase
Another name of strategic planning is
D. Top down
It is easy to create a good WBS.
False
What symbol on a Gantt chart represents a slipped milestone?
D. a white diamond
Predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions are all examples of __________
D. activity attributes
The practice of overlapping phases is often called :
D. fast tracking
What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a non-linear format?
D. mind mapping
The process of getting a group of diverse individuals to work effectively together as a team is the definition of
D. team building
If the actual cost for a WBS item is $1500 and its earned value was $2000, what is its cost variance, and is it under or over budget?
D. the cost variance is $500, which is under budget
A proposal evaluation sheet is an example of a(n) ________________
D. weighted scoring model
Given the following estimates: Optimistic 3 days, Pessimistic 9 days, and most likely 6 days, What is the PERT weighted average value for this estimation?
D.6.1
The Time Management Process that involves identifying and documenting interactivity dependencies is called:
D.Activity Sequencing
What is the difference between scope verification and quality control?
D.Scope verification is primarily concerned with the acceptance of work results while quality control is primarily concerned with the correctness of work results.
Which of the following tools and techniques are commonly used in the Scope Definition Process?
D.WBS templates
Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called ____________________.
DMAIC
Proposed that an individual’s specific needs are acquired or learned over time and shaped by life experiences
David McClelland
You are in the middle of a complex negotiation when the other party says, "We need to finish in one hour because I have to catch my plane:' That person is using which of the following negotiatian strategies?
Deadline
It is good practice to lay the groundwork for a project after it officially starts.
False
You are managing a six-month project and have held biweekly meetings with your project stakeholders. After five-and-a-half months of work, the project is on schedule and budget, but the stakeholders are not satisfied with the deliverables. This situation will delay the project completion by one month. The MOST important process that could have prevented this situation is:
Define Scope
Involves identifying the specific activities that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables.
Defining activities
Results in supporting detail to document important product information as well as assumptions and constraints related to specific activities
Defining activities
Involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved
Defining scope
Which of the following risk events is MOST likely to interfere with attaining a project's schedule objective?
Delays in obtaining required approvals
E-mail that you do not need to save or respond to.
Delete
Is a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, or hardware, produced or provided as part of a project.
Deliverable
All of the following are outputs of the close project process EXCEPT:
Deliverables
The basic concept of the ____________________ is to derive a consensus among a panel of experts who make predictions about future developments.
Delphi technique
One of 14 Points for Management states that an organization should cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality
Deming’s
Fill in for project managers in their absence and assist them as needed
Deputy project managers
The project life cycle differs from the product life cycle in that the project life Cycle:
Describes project management activities.
Is a quality planning technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.
Design of experiments
It is important to use appropriate words in a contract SOW such as may instead of must.
False
The project manager is allocating overall cost estimate to individual activities to establish a baseline for measuring project performance. What process is this?
Determine Budget
You are a project manager who was just assigned to take over a project from another project manager who is leaving the company. The previous project manager tells you that the project is on schedule, but only because he has constantly pushed the team to perform. What is the FIRST thing you should do as the new project manager?
Determine a management strategy
A project manager is in the middle of the executing process of a very large construction project when he discovers that the time needed to complete the project is longer than the time available. What is the BEST thing to do?
Determine options for schedule compression and present management with his recommended option
The float of an activity is determined by
Determining the amount of time the activity can be delayed before it delays the critical path
Involves allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance
Determining the budget
Which of the following processes includes asking team members about the time estimates for their activities and reaching the agreement on the calendar date for each activity?
Develop Schedule
Which of the following processes incudes asking team members about the time estimates for their activities and reaching agreement on the calendar date for each activity?
Develop Schedule
The engineering department has uncovered a problem with the cost accounting system and has asked the systems department to analyze what is wrong and fix the problem. You are a project managerr working with the cost accounting programs on another project. Management has issued a change request to the change control board to add the new work to your project.
Develop a project charter
All of the following occur during the planning process group EXCEPT:
Develop project Charter.
Which is NOT a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase?
Develop project charter
Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase
Develop project charter
Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase?
Develop project charter
Is a planning process falling under the Project Integration Management knowledge area
Develop project management plan
Involves identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships
Developing the human resource plan
Involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project
Developing the project charter
Involves coordinating all planning efforts to create a consistent, coherent document
Developing the project management plan
Involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance
Developing the project team
Involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule
Developing the schedule
In which of the following phases, do we have to develop a Work Breakdown Structure at level +3 at least?
Development
Approved corrective action is an input to:
Direct and Manage Project Execution
A project manager needs to analyze the project costs to find ways to decrease costs. It would be BEST if the project manager looks at:
Direct costs and variable costs
A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way.
Directive
A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall?
Directive
Are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence
Directive
Dependencies are sometimes referred to as soft logic and should be used with care since they may limit later scheduling options.
Discretionary
Support contributes the most to successful information technology projects
Executiv
You are a project manager on a $5,000,000 software development project. While working with your project team to develop a network diagram, your data architects suggest that quality could be improved if the data model is approved by senior management before moving on to other design elements. They support this suggestion with an article from a leading software development journal. Which of the following BEST describes what this type of input is called?
Discretionary dependency
Which of the following MUST be an agenda item at all team meetings?
Discussion of project risks
Is getting the right information to the right people at the right time and in a useful
Distribute information
Involves making needed information available to project stakeholders in a timely manner
Distributing information
A project manager is creating a risk response plan. However, every time a risk response is suggested, another risk is identified that is caused by the response. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the project manager to do?
Document the new risks and continue the Plan Risk Responses process
While preparing your risk responses, you identify additional risks. What should you do?
Document the risk items, and calculate the expected monetary value based on probability and impact that result from the occurrences
What should be done with risks on the watchlist?
Document them and revisit during project monitoring and controlling
Which of the following is an example of a parametric estimate?
Dollars per module
Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on information technology project?
Don't involve too many users in scope management
Is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y
Douglas McGregor
Have no duration and no resources but are occasionally needed on AOA network diagrams to show logical relationships between activities.
Dummy activities
All of the following are forms of power derived from the project manager's position EXCEPT:
Expert
Is a term used to describe various procurement functions that are now done electronically
E-procurement
The is an estimate of what it will cost to complete the project based on performance to date.
EAC
The cost performance index can be used to calculate the ____________________.
EAC - estimate at completion - estimate at completion (EAC)
Is the product of a risk event probability and the risk event’s monetary value.
EMV - Expected monetary value - Expected monetary value (EMV)
The is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed
EV
Variances are calculated by subtracting the actual cost or planned value from .
EV
Schedule variance can be determined by:
EV â€" PV
Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the SPI (Schedule performance index)?
EV/PV
Cost Variance (CV)
Earned Value (EV) - Actual Cost (AC)
Which of the following represents the estimated value of the work actually accomplished?
Earned value (EV)
Is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data
Earned value management
Effective project integration usually requires an emphasis on
Effective communications at key interface points
Is the number of workdays or work hours required to complete a task.
Effort
Which of media is the best choice when you want to express support or appreciation
Is listening with the intent to understand.
Empathic listening
According to the Standish group, which of the following factors contributes most to the success of information technology projects?
Executive support
Which is not included in Risk Response Planning?
Enhancement
Project management software integrates information from multiple projects to show the status of active, approved, and future projects across an entire organization
Enterprise
What theory proposes that employees' efforts will lead to effective performance and the employees will be rewarded for accomplishments?
Expectancy
The highest point of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is called:
Esteem
Work performance measurements are output of
Estimating activities resources
Involves estimating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities.
Estimating activity
Involves estimating how many people, equipment, and materials a project team should use to perform project activities
Estimating activity resources
Involves developing an approximation or estimate of the costs of the resources needed to complete a project
Estimating costs
Which of the following describe the BEST use of historical records from
Estimating, risk management, and project planning
Which of the following describe the BEST use of historical records from previous projects?
Estimating, risk management, and project planning
Which of the following describes the BEST use of historical records from previous projects:
Estimating, risk management, and project planning
Loosely defined, is a set of principles that guide our decision making based on personal values of what is “right� and “wrong.�
Ethics
The project manager has just received a change from the customer that does not affect the project schedule and is easy to complete. What should the project manager do FIRST?
Evaluate the impacts on other project constraints
The project team is arguing about the prospective sellers who have submitted proposals. One team member argues for a certain seller while another team member wants the project to be awarded to a different seller, The BEST thing the project manager should remind the team to focus on in order to make a selection is the:
Evaluation criteria
The purpose of a quality audit includes all of the following except:
Examines the work of the project and formally accepts the work results.
The purpose of status meetings is to:
Exchange information about the project
Direct and manage project executing belongs to the ...... PM Process Group.
Executing
Direct and manage project executing belongs to the ......PM Process Group.
Executing
Perform quality assurance belong to the ________ PM Process Group.
Executing
Processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the project or phase
Executing
The project includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations.
Executing
The project involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.
Executing
You are a project manager leading a cross-functional project team in a weak matrix environment. None of your project team members report to you functionally, and you do not have the ability to directly reward their performance. The project is difficult, involving tight date constraints and challenging quality standards. Which of the following types of project management power will likely be the MOST effective in this circumstance?
Expert
Which of the following is a chief characteristic of the Delphi technique
Expert opinion
You are in the middle of executing a major modification to an existing product when you learn that the resources promised at the beginning of the project are not available. The BEST thing to do is to:
Explain the impact if the promised resources are not made available
Dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities
Externa
Michael is the project manager of the 98GH Project. This project requires several members of the project team to complete a certification class for another project the week of November 2.
External dependencies
Michael is the project manager of the 98GH Project. This project requires several members of the project team to complete a certification class for another project the week of November 2. This class causes some of the project activities on Michael's activities to be delayed from his target schedule. This is an example of which of the following?
External dependencies
Is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer.
External failure cost
Causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.
Extrinsic motivation
A stakeholder analysis should be part of the overall project
F
Opportunities and directives are essentially the same
F
Project integration management does not include interface management
F
Project managers should never be involved in strategic planning and project selection
F
Selecting projects is considered an exact science
F
The organization should complete low-priority projects before high-priority ones, if the low-priority ones take less time
F
A RAM should only be used to assign detailed work activities.
False
A project should be developed using progressive elaboration, starting from specific details and broadening in scope as it progresses.
False
A project team always organizes the WBS around project products.
False
A research report showed that the U.S. spends $2.3 trillion on projects every year, an amount equal to 40 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product.
False
A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the OBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the WBS.
False
A risk management review accomplishes one objective, it keeps management and the customer aware of the major influences that could prevent or enhance the project’s success.
False
A simple approach to using probability/impact information is to calculate risk factors.
False
A stakeholder analysis should be part of the overall project plan.
False
A work package should always represent less than 80 hours of work.
False
According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present.
False
According to a 2008 report on IT outsourceing trends in the U.S. and Canada, application development is the least popular form of IT outsourcing and was used by only 25 percent of organizations surveyed.
False
According to the symbolic frame, what is most important about any event in an organization is what actually happened.
False
Activity information is not a required input to the other time management processes.
False
All of the Six Sigma principles are brand new.
False
Although information technology projects have a poor track record in meeting project goals, they have a good track record in meeting budget goals.
False
An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager’s job more difficult.
False
An organization’s information technology project selection process should guide the strategic plan.
False
Assigning staff part-time to the project often creates underutilization and/or misallocation of staff resources.
False
Assignment, budget, promotion, money, and penalty influence bases are automatically available to project managers as part of their position.
False
Because of overlaps in their duties, hardware specialists usually understand the language of database analysts, and vice versa.
False
Because of the nature of information technology projects, the people involved come from very similar backgrounds and possess similar skill sets.
False
By using the PERT weighted average for each activity duration estimate, the total project duration estimate does not account for the risk or uncertainty in the individual activity estimates.
False
Continuous quality improvement is not a goal of quality assurance.
False
Control charts are one tool used in the analyze phase of the DMAIC process.
False
Databases are a common tool for cost estimating, cost budgeting, and cost control.
False
DeMarco and Lister found direct correlations between productivity and programming language, years of experience, and salary.
False
Decisions and actions taken in one knowledge area at a certain time rarely affect other knowledge areas.
False
Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software.
False
The critical path always includes the most critical activities.
False
Every project is constrained in different ways by its scope and cost goals; these limitations are sometimes referred to in project management as the double constraint.
False
Experts in source selection recommend that technical criteria should be given more weight than management or cost criteria.
False
Experts outside the company, including potential suppliers themselves, cannot provide expert judgment.
False
External project stakeholders generally include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, and internal customers for the project.
False
Extrinsic motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.
False
Few business and information technology students understand the concepts of systems and performing a systems analysis.
False
Few organizations develop their own risk questionnaires.
False
Few organizations use some form of outsourcing to meet their information technology needs.
False
Follow-up studies done by the Standish Group showed that the number of failed projects has more than doubled in the past decade.
False
Getting project information to the right people at the right time and in a useful format is not as important as developing the information in the first place.
False
Good project risk management never goes unnoticed.
False
Hiring managers say interpersonal skills are the least important soft skill for information technology workers.
False
If cost variance is a positive number, it means that performing the work cost more than planned.
False
If project managers have functional management commitment, they will also have adequate resources and not be distracted by events that do not affect their specific projects.
False
If the cost performance index is less than one or less than 100 percent, the project is under budget.
False
In TQC, product quality is less important than production rates, and workers are not allowed to stop production whenever a quality problem occurs.
False
In a Pareto chart, the variables described by the histogram are ordered chronologically.
False
In an earned value chart, when the actual cost line is right on or above the earned value line, costs are less than or equal to planned.
False
In the example of building a new house, the support staff would provide the wood, windows, flooring materials, appliances, and so on.
False
In the long-term view, it is better to have a huge success on an unimportant project than to have a moderate success on an important project.
False
Information systems must support the firm’s business goals, such as developing its own intranet site applications.
False
Initiating and closing tasks are usually the longest and require the most amount of resources and time.
False
Initiating processes are not required to end a project.
False
Instead of knowing the people working on their projects and developing a trusting relationship with them, many colleagues and managers should want to focus on getting information by reading technical documents.
False
Integration testing replaces the other forms of testing with a single comprehensive test.
False
It is always less effective to hire skilled consultants to perform specific tasks for a short period of time than to hire or keep employees on staff full time.
False
It is common to find someone with a natural ability for both communication and technical skills.
False
It is not good practice to include time for informal meetings with customers to help develop relationships and provide staff to assist in relationship management.
False
It is not important to document any changes in technical specifications that might affect product performance.
False
It is not necessary to complete all of the activities on the network diagram in order for the project to finish.
False
It is uncommon for people to identify problems or opportunities without really understanding them.
False
It only takes one activity to complete a milestone.
False
Key outcomes of the executing process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents.
False
Lead times for purchases and acquisitions should not be included in a procurement management plan.
False
Learning curve theory does not apply to the amount of time it takes to complete some tasks.
False
Legitimate power involves using personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior.
False
Managers often cite cost issues during the end phase of a project as one of their biggest challenges and the main cause of conflict.
False
Many of the theories and concepts of project management are difficult to understand.
False
Many private companies use the term procurement instead of purchasing.
False
Many projects fail because of unclear requirements and expectations, so starting with a project charter makes a lot of sense.
False
Maslow suggests that each level of the hierarchy of needs is not necessarily a prerequisite for the levels above.
False
Most IT projects involve a major amount of software development.
False
Most information technology products can reach 100 percent reliability.
False
Most managers are unfamiliar with any forms of scheduling.
False
Most people view offshore outsourcing as being good.
False
Most projects have one path through a network diagram.
False
Negative and positive risks should always be included in the same probability/impact matrix or chart.
False
Negative risk management is like investing in opportunities.
False
Net present value and cash flow mean the same thing.
False
Network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity discretionary dependencies.
False
Only in-house auditors can perform quality audits.
False
Opportunities and directives are essentially the same thing.
False
Organizational issues are often the least difficult part of working on and managing projects.
False
Organizational policies related to quality, the particular project’s scope statement and product descriptions, and related standards and regulations are all important input to the quality assurance process.
False
Organizations have a history of spending too much money in the early phases of information technology projects.
False
Parametric models are least reliable when historical information was used to create the model.
False
People have a tendency to want to report bad information.
False
People who believe in Theory Y assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives.
False
Potential risks can only be identified early in a project.
False
Preparing cost estimates is a job for accountants.
False
Program managers are not responsible for coordinating the efforts of project teams, functional groups, suppliers, and operations staff.
False
Project management software does not have the capacity to automatically generate network diagrams and calculate the critical path(s) for the project.
False
Project managers do not need to continually assess their team’s performance.
False
Project managers for large information technology projects have to be experts in the field of information technology.
False
Project managers must realize that all conflict is bad.
False
Project managers should limit the size of work teams to eight to ten members.
False
Project managers should never be involved in strategic planning and project selection.
False
Project scope statements should include, at a minimum, a product scope description and detailed information on all project deliverables.
False
Project team members rarely need to see all project documentation.
False
Projects are often defined narrowly when they begin.
False
Projects rarely involve uncertainty.
False
Quality is a lower priority than project scope, time, and cost.
False
Quantitative risk analysis and qualitative risk analysis must be done together.
False
Questions about how long a project’s schedule should be are related to the issue of the project’s scope.
False
Research suggests that companies working to implement best practices should spend less than 10 percent of project time in initiating and planning.
False
Risk events refer to specific, certain events that may occur to the detriment or enhancement of the project.
False
Selecting projects is considered an exact science.
False
Smaller information technology projects usually have deputy project managers or subproject managers.
False
Some people refer to the “double constraint� of project management to include quality and customer satisfaction.
False
Some project managers do not even write down stakeholder information because they do not consider stakeholder management as a crucial part of their jobs.
False
Stakeholders’ needs and expectations are only important in the beginning of a project.
False
Start-to-finish relationships are the most common type of relationships.
False
Team members often create consolidated progress reports based on the information received from team leaders.
False
Team-building skills are often not a challenge for many project managers.
False
Technical and analytical skills guarantee success in project management.
False
The ROI is always positive.
False
The WBS is not a required input to the cost budgeting process.
False
The buyer absorbs less of the risk with cost-reimbursable contracts than they do with fixed-price contracts.
False
The communications management plan should not address frequency of communication.
False
The last step in project risk management is deciding how to address this knowledge area for a particular project by performing risk management planning.
False
The level of detail included in the risk management plan rarely varies across projects.
False
The lower the EMV, the better.
False
The main output of qualitative risk analysis is a decision tree.
False
The main outputs of estimating activity resources includes the activity list and attributes, project scope statement, milestone list, and organizational process assets.
False
The main sections of an RFP never include the statement of work and schedule information.
False
The majority of organizations develop their own internal information technology project management methodologies.
False
The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.
False
The organization should complete low-priority projects before high-priority ones, if the low-priority ones take less time.
False
The outputs to schedule development include activity duration estimates and project document updates.
False
The people who develop software cost estimates often have a great deal of experience with cost estimation.
False
The products of the project are produced during project implementation, and it usually takes the least amount of resources to accomplish this process.
False
The project scope statement provides the basis for planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources, and changes.
False
The project’s size, complexity, importance, and other factors will not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning.
False
The psychology literature shows that individuals, working alone, produce fewer ideas than the same individuals produce through brainstorming in small, face-to-face groups.
False
The quality planning process involves taking responsibility for quality throughout the project’s life cycle.
False
The scope of a project should be clear and specific from the start.
False
The success of many information technology projects that use outside resources is often due to good project cost management.
False
The term sigma means median.
False
There are six core knowledge areas of project management.
False
There does not need to be a change control system to define procedures for changing the cost baseline.
False
To obtain valid statistics, it is important to study every member of a population.
False
Today’s project managers still draw Gantt charts by hand.
False
Standard deviation is a measure of how:
Far the measurement is from the mean
Involves doing activities in parallel that you would normally do in sequence
Fast
You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to change the relationship between several of the work packages so they begin in tandem rather than sequentially. This is an example of which one of the following?
Fast tracking
Are the system’s special characteristics that appeal to users
Features
Which is not a process group in project management (as mentioned in the PMBOK)?
Feedback
The project manager is expecting a deliverable to be submitted by e-mail from a team member today. At the end of the day, the project manager contacts the team member to notify him that it has not been received. The team member apologizes and says that he was not able to e- mail the deliverable, and it was sent through themail instead. The team member goes on to explain that he notified the project manager that this would occur during a phone conversation they had while the project manager was traveling. "Wasn't that the conversation we had when I told you I could not hear you well due to poor cell phone coverage?" asks the project manager. "Yes," replies the team member. What could have avoided this problem?
Feedback during the communication
Which is not a process group in project management lifecycle (as mentioned in the PMBOK)?
Feedback process group
In general, for which phase is risk and uncertainty minimum?
Final phase
ADM format of network diagram
Finish-to-Start
Which of the following contract types places the greatest risk on the seller?
Firm-fixed-price contract
Means a product can be used as it was intended.
Fitness for use
Project setup costs are an example of:
Fixed costs
Which is the one not included in the features of a project?
Fixed operation
With which type of contract is the seller MOST concerned about project scope?
Fixed price
You are asked to select tools and techniques to implement a quality assurance program to supplement existing quality control activities. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for this purpose?
Focus groups
Pareto charts help project manager _____
Focus on most critical issues to improve quality.
Pareto charts help the project manager:
Focus on the most critical issues to improve quality
Predict future project status and progress based on past information and trends
Forecasts
You are in the middle of a major new facility construction project. The structural steel is in place and the heating conduits are going into place, when a senior manager informs you that he is worried that the project will not meet the quality standards. What should you do in this situation?
Form a quality assurance team
The project is just starting out and consists of people from 14 different departments. The project charter was signed by one person and contains over 30 major requirements that must be met on the project. The sponsor has informed the project manager that the SPI must be kept between 0.95 and 1.1. A few minutes of investigation resulted in the identification of 34 stakeholders, and the schedule objectives on the project are constrained. A project manager has just been hired. Which of the following types of project management power will BEST help the project manager gain the cooperation of others?
Formal
Which of the following is output of the scope verification processFormal acceptance
Formal acceptance
A project manager has a project team consisting of people in four countries. The project is very important to the company, and the project manager is concerned about its success. The length of the project schedule is acceptable. What type of communication should he use?
Formal written communication
Communications under a contract should tend toward:
Formal written communication
The project status report is an example of which type of communication?
Formal written communication
Is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings
Frederick Herzberg
Is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following activities
Free slack
A project manager is trying to complete a software development project, but cannot get enough attention for the project.
Functional
Risk management is a frequently overlooked aspect of project management.
True
During the middle of the project, things have been going well. The work authorization system has allowed people to know when to start work, and the issue log has helped keep track of stakeholders' needs. The benefit cost ratio has been improving, and the sponsor has expressed his appreciation for the team members' efforts by hosting a milestone party for the team. The project manager gets a call from a team member saying that the results from the completion of their activity's predecessor is two days late. Which of the following reasons would BEST describe why this occurred?
Functional management was not included in the communications management plan
During project planning in a matrix organization, the project manager determines that additional human resources are needed. From whom would he request these resources?
Functional manager
In which organization are the project manager's independence and authority weakest?
Functional organization
Is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.
Functionality
You are a project manager for a new product development project that has four levels in the work breakdown structure. A network diagram has been created, the duration estimates have been compressed, and a schedule has been developed. What time management activity should you do NEXT?
Gain approval
Which of the following BEST describes product analysis?
Gaining a better understanding of the product of the project in order to create the project scope statement
A(n) ____________________ chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information.
Gantt
Provide(s) a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format
Gantt charts
Negotiations between two parties are becoming complex, so party A makes some notes that both parties sign. However, when the work is being done, party B claims that they are not required to provide an item they both agreed toduring negotiations, because it was not included in the subsequent contract. In this case, party B is:
Generally correct, because both parties are only required to perform what is in the contract
Monte Carlo analysis is used to:
Get an indication of the risk involved in the project
All of the following are part of the team's stakeholder management effort
Giving stakeholders extras
All of the following are parts of the team’s stakeholder management effort EXCEPT?
Giving stakeholders extras
All of the following are part of the team's stakeholder management effort EXCEPT
Giving stakeholders extras.
You can use the ____________________ function in Excel to determine the IRR quickly.
Goal Seek
Which of the following characteristics shows the degree to which work activities are organized around groups or team, rather than individuals?
Group emphasis
Which of the following is not one project attribute?
Has one or more purposes
A project manager wants to more extensively involve the stakeholders on the project. Which of the following would be the BEST way to accomplish this?
Have the stakeholders periodically review the list of project requirements
The new project is exciting to both the project manager and the team. This is the project manager's first assignment as project manager. The team has the feeling that they will be able to complete work that has never been tried before. There are 29 people contributing to the product description, and the team consists of nine highly experienced experts in their field. Part of the way through planning, three highly technical team members are disagreeing about the scope of two of the deliverables.
He should listen to the differences of opinions, encourage logical discussions, and facilitate an agreement
The sponsor's role on a project is BEST described as:
Helping to prevent unnecessary changes to project objectives
Define activities and sequence activities belong to the__________PM Process Group.
Planning
Found that people were motivated to work mostly by feelings of personal achievement and recognition
Herzberg
Project manager's authority in the project organization structure is
High to almost total
Project manager's authority in the project organization structure is ___________.
High to almost total
Tools are generally licensed on a per-user basis.
High-end
Tools, sometimes referred to as enterprise project management software, provide robust capabilities to handle very large projects
High-end
A staffing management plan often includes a resource ___________, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project overtime.
Histogram
You are a new project manager who has never managed a project before. You have been asked to plan a new project. It would be BEST in this situation to rely on ____ during planning in order to improve your chance of success.
Historical information
Company procedures require the creation of a lessons learned document.
Historical records for future projects
Company procedures require the creation of a lessons learned document. Which of the following is the BEST use of lessons learned?
Historical records for future projects
The requirements of many stakeholders were not approved for inclusion in your project. Therefore, you had a difficult time receiving formal approval of the project management plan for this project. The stakeholders argued and held up the project while they held meeting after meeting about their requirements. The project was finally approved and work began six months ago. All of the following would be good preventive actions to implement EXCEPT:
Hold meetings with the stakeholders to go over the work that will not be added to the project
Project performance appraisals are different from team performance assessments in that project performance appraisals focus on:
How an individual team member is performing on the project
A quality system standard developed by the ISO, is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization
ISO 9000
Addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management
IT govemance
Risks will be identified during which risk management process(es)?
Identify Risks and Monitor and Control Risks
A project manager has just taken over the project from another project manager during the execution of the project. The previous project manager created a project budget, determined communications requirements, and went on to complete work packages. What should the new project manager do NEXT?
Identify quality standards
A work breakdown structure numbering system allows the project staff to:
Identify the level at which individual elements are found
In which of the following phases, can we develop a definitive cost estimate?
Implementation
Which of the following can create the MOST misinterpretation in the project scope statement?
Imprecise language
Which is not an advantage of project management?
Improve developer's skill
Four project managers are having lunch together and discussing their projects. Most of the time they are just complaining about how hard projects are to manage in their company
Improved project manager control over resources
How is a projectized organization set up?
In a projectized organization, the entire company is organized by projects. Personnel are assigned and report to a project manager.
In which process group do we identify human and non-human resources required for a project?
Initiating
The high-level project schedule constraints have just been determined. What project management process group are you in
Initiating
Which of the following is an advantage of centralized contracting?
Increased expertise
The project you are working on has an increase in cost effectiveness, increased productivity, and increased morale. What might be the reason for these changes?
Increased quality
The program was planned years ago, before there was a massive introduction of new technology. While planning the next project in this program, the project manager has expanded the scope management plan because as a project becomes more complex, the level of uncertainty in the scope:
Increases
Which is not a disadvantage of virtual teams?
Increasing costs because it requires office space or requires more support
What is a risk trigger?
Indicator of the risk
Are costs that are not directly related to the products or services of the project, but are indirectly related to performing the project
Indirect costs
Employees are also more likely to enroll voluntarily in classes on the latest technology than those on developing their soft skills
Individual
Which is the correct explanation of a Stakeholder?
Individual or organization influenced by the project
Often perform quality audits by helping to design specific quality metrics for a project and then applying and analyzing the metrics throughout the project.
Industrial engineers
A project manager has a problem with a team member's performance. What is the BEST form of communication for addressing this problem?
Informal verbal communication
Which of the following is not part of the three-sphere model for systems management?
Information
In the ____ stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas.
Information Technology Strategy Planning
In the stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas
Information Technology Strategy Planning
A rough order of magnitude estimate is made during which project management process group?
Initiating
Develop project charter work belongs to the_________ PM Process Group.
Initiating
All of the following are factors in the assessment of project risk EXCEPT:
Insurance premiums
Costs or benefits are costs or benefits that are difficult to measure in monetary terms.
Intangible
Company A decided to build a website
Intangible benefit tangible cost
Is a monitoring and controlling
Integrated change
Involves identifying, evaluating, and managing changes throughout the project life cycle.
Integrated change control
Is a monitoring and controlling process.
Integrated change control
The need for ___ is one of the major driving forces for communication in a project.
Integration
Because there are so many people working on projects in various industries, PMI has created Specific ____________________ (SIGs) that enable members to share ideas about project management in their particular application areas, such as information systems.
Interest Groups
Involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of the project.
Interface management
The work breakdown structure can be an effective aid for communication in which situation(s)
Internal and external to the project
Causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment
Intrinsic
Causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.
Intrinsic motivation
Which of the following is not a guideline to help improve time spent at meetings?
Invite extra people who support your project to make it run more smoothly
A project manager has assembled the project team, identified 56 risks on the project, determined what would trigger the risks, rated them on a risk rating matrix, tested their assumptions, and assessed the quality of the data used. The team is continuing to move through the risk management process. What has the project manager forgotten to do?
Involvement of other stakeholders
An activity has an early start (ES) of day 3, a late start (LS) of day 13, an early finish (EF) of day 9, and a late finish (LF) of day 19. The activity:
Is not on the critical path
As the project manager, you are preparing your methods for quality management. You are looking for a method that can demonstrate the relationship between events and their resulting effects.
Ishikawa diagram
As the project manager, you are preparing your methods for quality management. You are looking for a method that can demonstrate the relationship between events and their resulting effects. You want to use a method to depict the events that cause a negative effect on quality. Which of the following is the BEST choice for accomplishing your objective?
Ishikawa diagram
A seller is awarded a contract to build a pipeline. The contract terms and conditions require that a work plan be issued for the buyer's approval prior to commencing work, but the seller fails to provide one. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the buyer's project manager to do?
Issue a default letter
Which ofthe following BEST describes the Verify Scope process?
It ensures customer acceptance, shows that the deliverable meets specifications, and provides a chance for differences of opinion to come to light
A project manager is trying to convince management to use more formal project management procedures and has decided to start improving the company's project management by obtaining a project charter. Wich of the following BEST describes why the project charter would help the project manager?
It gives the project manager authority
Which of the following is a benefit of an analogous project estimate?
It gives the project team an understanding of management's expectations
Which of the following explains why quality is planned in and not inspected in?
It improves quality and is less expensive
A project has three critical paths. Which of the following BEST describes how this affects the project?
It increases the project risk
Once signed, a contract is legally binding unless:
It is in violation of applicable law
Of the following, which one is the best example of progressive elaboration?
It is the process of identifying the business needs of a potential project.
Scope definition is important to the success of the project EXCEPT:
It serves as the basis for future project decisions.
In planning your project, which would generally have the highest priority: quality, cost, or schedule?
It should be decided for each project
What major restaurant chain terminated a large project after spending $170 millions on it
McDonald's
The executing process group generally requires the most resources.
True
Uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholdersâ€"the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so onâ€"to jointly define and design information systems
JAD
One of ten steps states that an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement
Juran’s
According to Luc Richard, the founder of www.projectmangler.com, five points of using project milestones include the following, except
Keep project milestones to be medium/large and nearly frequent
Another name for a phase exit is a .................. point
Kill
Contingency reserves are used to handle which type of risk?
Known unknowns
Costs are often much higher for contractors.
Labor
During project executing, the project manager determines that a change is needed to material purchased for the project. The project manager calls a meeting of the team to plan how to make the change. This is an example of:
Lack of a change management plan
Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of poor risk management?
Lack of a prioritized list of risks (NOT Inadequate risk response planning)
During every project team meeting, the project manager asks each team member to describe the work he or she is doing, and the project manager assigns new activities to team members. The length of these meetings has increased because there are many different activities to assign. This could be happening for all the following reasons EXCEPT:
Lack of resource leveling
The dependencies of Task B on Task A is Finish-to-Start
Lead
What major restaurant chain terminated a large project after spending $170 millions on it, primarily because they realized the project scope was too much to handle?
McDonald's
States that when many items are produced repetitively, the unit cost of those items
Leaning curve theory
States that when many items are produced repetitively, the unit cost of those items decreases in a regular pattern as more units are produced.
Learning curve theory
Is getting people to do things based on a position of authority.
Legitimate power
Isgetting people to do things based on a position of authority.
Legitimate power
All of the following are parts of an effective change management plan EXCEPT:
Lessons learned
A project manager is trying to settle a dispute between two team members. One says the systems should be integrated before testing, and the other maintains each system should be tested before integration. The project involves over 30 people, and 12 systems need to be integrated. The sponsor is demanding that integration happen on time. What is the BEST statement the project manager can make to resolve the conflict?
Let's do limited testing before integration and finish testing after integration
Rearranging resources so that a constant number of resources is used each month is called:
Leveling
Allows you to see a big-picture view of the cost of a project throughout its life cycle.
Life cycle costing
Considers the total cost of ownership, or development plus support costs, for a project.
Life cycle costing
Helps you develop an accurate projection of a project's financial costs and benefits.
Life cycle costing
Helps you develop an accurate projection of a project’s financial costs and benefits
Life cycle costing
Considers the total cost of ownership
Lifecycle costing
This project is chartered to determine new ways to extend the product life of one of the company's medium-producing products. The project manager comes from the engineering department, and the team comes from product management and marketing departments.
Look for how this schedule change will impact the cost to complete the work package and the quality of the product of the work package
Work on a project is ongoing when the project manager overhears two workers arguing over what a set of instructions mean. The project manager investigates and discovers that the instructions for the construction of the concrete footings currently being poured were poorly translated between the different languages in use on the project. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the project manager to do FIRST?
Look for quality impacts of the poor translation of the instructions for the footings
Tools are often recommended for small projects and single users.
Low-end
Which of the following is a not a potential advantage of using good project management?
Lower cost of capital
Contracts involve a fixed total price for a well-defined product or service.
Lump sum
The ____________________ is a popular tool for determining personality preferences.
MBTI - Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product
Maintainability
When a project manager is engaged in negotiations, nonverbal communication skills are of:
Major importance
During project executing, a large number of changes are made to the project. The project manager should:
Make approved changes as needed, but retain the schedule baseline
The project is calculated to be completed four days after the desired completion date. You do not have access to additional resources. The project is low risk, the benefit cost ratio (BCR) is expected to be 1.6, and the dependencies are preferential. Under these circumstances, what would be the BEST thing to do?
Make more activities concurrent
The project manager is looking at the project's resource needs and lessons learned from past projects. This information causes the project manager to be concerned about the ability to acquire enough resources for the project in six months. Which of the following would be the LEAST effective preventive action?
Make sure functional managers have a copy of the resource histogram
Which of the following items is not an objective of integrated change control?
Make sure that project get more money from customer
After much excitement and hard work, the procurement statement of work for the project is completed. Even after gaining agreement that the procurement statement of work is complete, the project manager is still concerned whether it actually addresses all the buyer's needs. The project manager is about to attend the bidder conference. He asks you for advice on what to do during the session. Which of the following is the BEST advice you can give him?
Make sure you give all the sellers enough time to ask questions. They may not want to ask questions while their competitors are in the room
Which ofthe following activities occurs during the Plan Procurements process?
Make-or-buy decisions
A work authorization system can be used to:
Manage what time and in what sequence work is done
A PMO, or Project Office, is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization
Management
Allow for future situations that are unpredictable
Management reserves
Involves managing communications to satisfy the needs and expectations of project stakeholders and to resolve issues.
Managing stakeholder expectations
Involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance.
Managing the project team
Dependencies are inherent in the nature of the work being performed on a project.
Mandatory
Most people agree that the modern concept of project management began with the .
Manhattan
To what does the following sentence refer? "The point where the benefits or revenue to be received from improving quality equals the incremental cost to achieve that quality"
Marginal analysis
Personnel in a _____________ organization structure often report to two or more bosses
Matrix
Which is the most appropriate description of the stakeholder's influence on the project life cycle?
Maximum at the start and then gradually weakens towards the end of the project.
You are assigned as the project manager in the middle of the project. The project is within the baselines, but the customer is not happy with the performance of the project. What is the FIRST thing you should do?
Meet with the customer
Which of the following is the BEST thing to do to try to complete a project two days earlier?
Meet with the team and look for options for crashing or fast tracking the critical path
Is still the most widely used project management software today in the midrange tools category.
Microsoft Project
Tools, a step up from low-end tools, are designed to handle larger projects, multiple users, and multiple projects.
Midrange
Senior management is complaining that they are not able to easily determine the status of ongoing projects in the organization.
Milestone reports
Senior management is complaining that they are not able to easily determine the status of ongoing projects in the organization. Which of the following type of reports that would help provided summary information to senior management?
Milestone reports
Senior management is complaining that they are not able to easily determine the status of ongoing projects in the organization. Which of the following types of reports would help provide summary information to senior management?
Milestone reports
Can be used for developing WBSs using the top-down or bottom-up approach.
Mind mapping
Is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas.
Mind mapping
Is matching certain behaviors of the other person
Mirrorin
A risk response which involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence is called:
Mitigation
In Balanced Matrix Organization Structure type, .... will control the project budget.
Mixed (Functional manager and PM)
Workarounds are determined during which risk management process?
Monitor and Control Risks
And controlling is the process of measuring progress toward project objectives, monitoring deviation from the plan, and taking corrective action to match progress with the plan.
Monitoring
Project work includes collecting, measuring, and disseminating performance information.
Monitoring
Control project schedule belongs to the ________ PM Process Group
Monitoring and Controlling
Control project schedule belongs to the ________ PM Process Group.
Monitoring and Controlling
Report performance belongs to the ________ PM Process Group.
Monitoring and Controlling
During which project management process group are budget forecasts created?
Monitoring and controlling
Involves measuring progress toward project objectives and taking corrective actions
Monitoring and controlling
Involves monitoring identified and residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk strategies throughout the life of the project.
Monitoring and controlling risk
During the Identify Risks process, a project manager made a long list of risks identified by all the stakeholders using various methods. He then made sure that all the risks were understood and that triggers had been identified. Later, in the Plan Risk Responses process, he took all the risks identified by the stakeholders and determined ways to mitigate them. What has he done wrong?
More people should be involved in the Plan Risk Responses process
Achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth, which produce job
Motivational factors
The halo effect refers to the tendency to:
Move people into project management because they are good in their technical fields.
Occurs when a resource works on more than one task at a time.
Multitasking
States that if something can go wrong, it will.
Murphy’s Law
Which of the following are NOT the direct results of managing the project team
Negotiating staff assignments
As part of the records management system, you are trying to make sure thatall records from the procurement are documented and indexed. Which of the following do you NOT have to worry about?
Negotiation process
Analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time
Net present value
Which of the following is the BEST project management tool to use to determine the longest time the project will take?
Network diagram
Consideration of ongoing operations and maintenance is crucially important to
Not be viewed as part of a project. A project is temporary with a definite beginning and end.
Consideration of ongoing operations and maintenance is crucially important to products of projects. Ongoing operations and maintenance should:
Not be viewed as part of a project. A project is temporary with a definite beginning and end.
A project manager's scope management efforts are being audited. The cost performance index (CPI) on the project is 1.13, and the benefit cost ratio (BCR) is 1.2. The project scope was created by the team and stakeholders. Requirements on the project have been changing throughout the project.
Not being able to measure completion of the product of the project
The project is in the planning process group when three stakeholders come to the Project manager asking for information on the companys new project management Methodology
Notify the project management office
A(n) ____________________ is a specific type of organizational chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for which work items.
OBS - organizational breakdown structure - organizational breakdown structure (OBS)
What is one of the KEY objectives during contract negotiations?
Obtain a fair and reasonable price
A project manager is managing his second project. It started one month after the First and both are ongoing.
Obtain historical records and guidance from the PMO
Close Procurements is different from Close Project or Phase in that Close Procurements:
Occurs before project closure
Operational work is different from project work in that it is:
On-going and repetitive
Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input?
Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis
A project manager has very little project expenditure, but he has been assigned as the project manager of a new project
Open and accurate
Refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.
Open-systems focus
At which development phase, the cost to correct a software requirement defect is highest?
Operation
A project has had some problems, but now seems under control. In the last few months, almost all the reserve has been used up and most of the negative impacts of events that had been predicted have occurred. There are only four activities left, and two of them are on the critical path. Management now informs the project manager that it would be in the performing organizations best interest to finish the project two weeks earlier than scheduled in order to receive an additional profit.
Opportunities
Are chances to improve the organization.
Opportunities
Assuming that the ends of a range of estimates are +/- 3 sigma from the mean, which of the following range estimates involves the LEAST risk?
Optimistic = 26 days, most likely = 30 days, pessimistic = 33 days
Is a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization
Organizational culture
Include formal and informal plans, policies, procedures, guidelines, information systems, financial systems, management systems, lessons learned, and historical information that can be used to influence a project’s success.
Organizational process assets
Means more resources than are available are assigned to perform work at a given time.
Overallocation
The ____ is a network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities
PDM
The is a network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities
PDM
A project manager is using weighted average duration estimates to perform schedule network analysis. Which type of mathematical analysis is being used?
PERT
Use(s) probabilistic time estimatesâ€"duration estimates based on using optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates of activity durationsâ€"instead of one specific or discrete duration estimate
PERT
The ____________________, an international professional society for project managers founded in 1969, has continued to attract and retain members, reporting 277,221 members worldwide by August 31, 2008.
PMI - Project Management Institute - Project Management Institute (PMI)
Just as passing the CPA exam is a standard for accountants, passing the exam is becoming a standard for project managers
PMP
What methodology was developed in the U.K., defines 45 separate subprocesses, and organizes these into eight process groups?
PRINCE2
The is that portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spent on an activity during a given period
PV
Which of the following represent the portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spent on an activity during a given period?
Planned value (PV)
A team member from research and development tells you that her work is too creative to provide you with a fixed single estimate for the activity. You both decide to use the labor hours per installation from past projects to predict the future. This is an example of which of the following?
Parametric estimating
Uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs
Parametric modeling
A(n) ____________________ is a histogram that can help you identify and prioritize problem areas.
Pareto chart - Pareto diagram
Help(s) you identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.
Pareto charts
States that work expands to fill the time allowed
Parkinson’s Law
The project schedule information section should include the following items, except for
Payment schedule
A watchlist is an output of which risk management process?
Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
During project executing, a project team member informs the project manager that a work package has not met the quality metric, and that she believes it is not possible to meet it. The project manager meets with all parties concerned to analyze the situation. Which part of the quality management process is the project manager involved in?
Perform Quality Control
Verify Scope is closely related to:
Perform Quality Control
You are a project manager for the construction of a major new manufacturing plant that has never been done before. The project cost is estimated at $30,000,000 and will make use of three sellers. Once begun, the project cannot be cancelled, as there will be a large expenditure on plant and equipment.
Perform an identification of risks
A structured review of specific quality management
Perform quality audit
Validated changes are output of
Perform quality control
If project time and cost are not as important as the number of resources used each month, which of the following is the BEST thing to do?
Perform resource leveling
Addresses how well a product or service performs the customer’s intended use
Performance
Earned value analysis is an example of
Performance reporting
Keeps stakeholders informed about how resources are being used to achieve project objectives.
Performance reporting
Provide information on how project execution is going
Performance reports
All of the following would occur during the Close Project or phase process EXCEPT:
Performing benefit cost analysis
Involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards
Performing quality assurance
Involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality
Performing quality control
At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid or hierarchy of needs are _____ needs
Physiological
A project manager is in the middle of creating a request for proposal (RFP). What part of the procurement process is she in?
Plan Procurements
The project team seems to like to argue; they have argued about everything. Luckily the project manager has set in place a reward system and team-building sessions that will help and encourage the team to cooperate more. The Iatest thing they are arguing about is whether they should complete a work package themselves or outsource the work to someone else. What part of the procurement process must they be in?
Plan Procurements
During which risk management process is a determination to transfer a risk made?
Plan Risk Responses
Is crucial in information technology projects because once a project team implements a new system, it takes a considerable amount of effort to change the system
Planning
Is often the most difficult and unappreciated process in project management.
Planning
Involves determining the information and communications needs of the stakeholders
Planning communication
Include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization’s needs
Planning processes
Involves determining what to procure, when, and how.
Planning procurements
Includes identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy those standards
Planning quality
Quality checklists and quality metrics are output of
Planning quality
Involves deciding how to approach and plan the risk management activities for the project.
Planning risk management
The _____________ is the point at which the contractor assumes total responsibility for each additional dollar of contract cost.
Point of Total Assumption
Help their organizations make wise investment decisions by helping to select and analyze projects from a strategic perspective
Portfolio managers
Is the potential ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do.
Power
You are a project manager on a $5,000,000 software development project. While working with your project team to develop a network diagram, you notice a series of activities that can be worked in parallel but must finish in a specific sequence. What type of activity sequencing method is required for these activities?
Precedence diagramming method
All of the following are outputs of the scope definition process EXCEPT:
Preliminary project scope statement
When it comes to changes, the project manager's attention is BEST given to:
Preventing unnecessary changes
A project team is creating a project management plan when management asks them to identify project risks and provide some form of qualitative output as soon as possible. What should the project team provide?
Prioritized list of project risks
Which of the following conflict resolution techniques will generate the MOST lasting solution?
Problem solving
Are undesirable situations that prevent an organization from achieving its goals.
Problems
Correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements
Process adjustments
Means acquiring goods and/or services from an outside source.
Procurement
Are often done during contract closure to identify lessons learned in the entire procurement process.
Procurement audits
In the stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints
Project Planning
Monitoring cost expended to date in order to detect variances from the plan occurs during:
Product performance reviews
PMI provides certification as a Project Management (PMP), someone who has documented sufficient project experience and education, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated knowledge of the field of project management by passing a comprehensive examination.
Professional
Is the ratio of revenues to profits
Profit margin
Are revenues minus expenditures.
Profits
Which of the following are GENERALLY illustrated BETTER by bar charts than network diagrams?
Progress or status
Describe what the project team has accomplished during a certain period
Progress reports
What is the process of gradual, step-wise reduction to details of the project products and the characteristics of new services called?
Progressive elaboration
A _____ is temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
Project
Is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result
Project
Has many cost management features to help you enter budgeted costs, set a baseline, enter actuals, calculate variances, and run various cost reports.
Project 2007 - Microsoft Project - Microsoft Project 2007
Project A has an internal rate of return (IRR) of 21 percent. Project B has an IRR of 7 percent. Project C has an IRR of 31 percent. Project D has an IRR of 19 percent.
Project C
Which of the following items is not a primary output of Create WBS process?
Project Charter
What is the certification program called that the Project Management Institute provides?
Project Management Professional (PMP)
Which is not an activity of Time management knowledge area?
Project Plan Development
With assistance from financial experts in their organizations, should create estimates of the costs and benefits of the project for its entire life cycle.
Project managers
Refers to the process in which organizations group and manage projects and programs as a portfolio of investments that contribute to the entire enterprise’s success.
Project portfolio management - Portfolio management
Includes the processes required to acquire goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.
Project procurement management
Which of the following items is not a primary input for Scope Verification process?
Project reports
All of the following are ALWAYS inputs to the risk management process EXCEPT:
Project status reports
Involves the processes required to ensure timely completion of a project.
Project time management
In... … …. Organization structure type, project manager has "Moderate to high" authority
Projectized
If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers?
Proposal
The primary objective of contract negotiations is to:
Protect the relationship
A project manager asked various stakeholders to determine the probability and impact of a number of risks. He then analyzed assumptions. He is about to move to the next step of risk management. Based on this information, what has the project manager forgotten to do?
Provide a standardized risk rating matrix
Which of the following is likely to be part of an operation?
Providing electricity to a community
Which of the following BEST describes the project manager's role as an integrator?
Put all the pieces of a project into a cohesive whole
A system development project is nearing project closing when a previously unidentified risk is discovered. This could potentially affect the project's overall ability to deliver. What should be done NEXT?
Qualify the risk
You are finding it difficult to evaluate the exact cost impact of risks. You should evaluate on a(n):
Qualitative basis
The process of monitoring specific project results to determine if they comply with relevant quality standards is called:
Quality Control
A project team member comes to the project manager during project execution to tell him that they feel the project cannot meet its quality standards. The project manager calls a meeting of the affected stakeholders to work through the problem.
Quality assurance
A project team member comes to the project manager during project execution to tell him that they feel the project cannot meet its quality standards. The project manager calls a meeting of the affected stakeholders to work through the problem. Which step of the quality management process is the project manager in?
Quality assurance
You are the program level manager with several project activities underway. In the executing process group, you begin to become concerned about the accuracy of progress reports from the projects. What would BEST support your opinion that there is a problem?
Quality audits
Which of the following statements are FALSE regarding quality audits?
Quality audits are generally performed after scope verification, but can also be performed in parallel with scope verification
Are groups of non-supervisors and work leaders in a single company department who volunteer to conduct group studies on how to improve the effectiveness of work in their department.
Quality circles
The new software installation project is in progress. The project manager is working with the quality assurance department to improve everyone's confidence that the project will satisfy the quality standards. Which of the following MUST they have before they start this process?
Quality control measurements
Substandard design/materials/work-manship
Quality management
A project manager and team from a firm that designs railroad equipment are tasked to design a machine to load stone onto railroad cars. The design allows for two percent spillage, amounting to over two tons of spilled rock per day. In which of the following does the project manager document quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvements for this project?
Quality management plan
A project team has invited many of the project stakeholders to help them inspect quality on the project. Which of the following would NOT be an output of this activity?
Quality management plan
A team is using a fishbone diagram to help determine what quality standards will be used on the project. What part of the quality management process are they in?
Quality planning
All of the following are examples of the cost of nonconformance EXCEPT:
Quality training
Some organizations use ____________________ to show Responsibility, Accountability, Consultation, and Informed roles for project stakeholders.
RACI charts
The model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype
RAD life
The ____________________ allocates work to responsible and performing organizations, teams, or individuals, depending on the desired level of detail.
RAM - responsibility assignment matrix - responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)
A(n) ____________________ or draft contract often provides the basis for defining and finalizing work requirements.
RFP - Request for Proposal - Request for Proposal (RFP)
If your college or university want to get information
RFQ
Is the result of subtracting the project costs from the benefits and then dividing by the costs.
ROI - Return on investment - Return on investment (ROI)
The is the ratio of actual work completed to the percentage of work planned to have been completed at any given time during the life of the project or activity
RP
Is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members
RUP
Is a relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity.
Rapport
A market demand, a business need, and/or legal requirement are examples of:
Reasons projects are initiated
A scope change has been suggested by one of the stakeholders on the project. After careful consideration and a lot of arguing, the change control board has decided to reject the change. What should the project manager do?
Record the change request and its result
Which of the followings is NOT an advantage of using formal project managements?
Reduce the number of risks of the project.
Power is based on a person's individual charisma.
Referent
Is based on an individual’s personal charisma.
Referent power
The project scope statement, __________, and organizational process assets are primary inputs for creating a WBS.
Requirements documents
Which of the following is an output of the Collect Requirements process?
Requirements traceability matrix
All of the following are tools/ techniques of Perform Quality Assurance, EXCEPT?
Reserve analysis
A project manager has received activity duration estimates from his team. Which of the following does he need in order to complete the Develop Schedule process?
Reserves
Risks are risks that remain after all of the response strategies have been implemented.
Residual
Outputs of the Plan Risk Responses process include:
Residual risks, fallback plans, and contingency reserves
In the stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects
Resource Allocation
What is the last step in four-stage planning processes for selecting information technology project?
Resource allocation
What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects
Resource allocation
NOT part of project human resource management
Resource estimating
Which of the following is not part of project human resource management?
Resource estimating
Is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks
Resource leveling
Project Cost Management includes all of the following except:
Resource leveling
Help project manager develop a general understanding of the demands a project will make…
Resource loading
Refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods
Resource loading
Project information has been distributed according to the communications management plan. Some project deliverables have been changed in accordance with the project management plan. One stakeholder expressed surprise to the project manager upon hearing of a previously published change to a project deliverable. All stakeholders received the communication containing notification of the change. What should the project manager do?
Review the communications management plan and make revisions if necessary
The project has 13 team members and affects over 15 departments in the organization. Because the project is 20 percent complete to date and the team has had successful performance reports from five of the affected departmnents, the project manager holds a party to celebrate. The project manager invites key stakeholders from all of the departments to the party, in order to give those providing good reviews an informal opportunity to communicate good things to those departments that have not yet been affected by the project. At the party, the project manager walks around to try to discover any relevant information that would help the project be more successful. He happens to hear a manager of one of the departments talking about setting up more regular meetings on the project. The BEST thing for the project manager to do would be to FIRST:
Review the information distribution methods on the project
During project executing, your project team member delivers a project deliverable to the buyer. However, the buyer refuses the deliverable, stating that it does not meet the requirement on page 300 of the technical specifications. You review the document and find that you agree. What is the BEST thing to do?
Review the requirements and meet with the responsible team member to review the WBS dictionary
The installation project has a CPI of 1.03 and an SPI of 1.0. There are 14 team members, and each team member had input into the final project management plan. The customer has accepted the three deliverables completed so far without complaint and the responsibility assignment matrix has not changed since the project began. The project is being completed in a matrix environment and there are no contracts needed for the project. Though the sponsor is happy with the status of the project, one of the team members is always complaining about how much time his project work is taking. Which of the following would be the BEST thing for the project manager to do?
Review the reward system for the project
Involves using incentives to include people to do things.
Reward power
Involves using incentives to induce people to do things
Reward power
Involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do.
Reward power
Is action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations
Rework
Often results in requested changes and validated defect repair, resulting from recommended defect repair or corrective or preventive actions.
Rework
Which is not a process in the Risk Management knowledge area?
Risk Design
Are numbers that represent the overall risk of specific events, based on their probability of occurring and the consequences to the project if they do occur.
Risk factors
In attempting to complete the project faster, the project manager looks at the cost associated with crashing each activity. The BEST approach to crashing would also indude looking at the:
Risk impact of crashing each activity
Is the amount of satisfaction or pleasure received from a potential payoff.
Risk utility - Risk tolerance
Which of the following BEST describes a project management plan?
Risk, staffing, process improvement, and other management plans
NOT a main topic included in communication plan
Risks and issues management methodologies
Author , who developed the concept of the strategic value of competitive advantage, has written several books and articles on strategic planning and competition
Robert Cooper
Design methods focus on eliminating defects by substituting scientific inquiry for trial-and-error methods.
Robust
A heuristic is BEST described as a:
Rule of thumb
Which of followings can be used to perform trend analysis to forecast future outcomes based on historical patterns
Run chart
A(n) ____________________ is a framework for describing the phases involved in developing information systems.
SDLC - systems development life cycle - systems development life cycle (SDLC)
To make milestones meaningful, some people use the ____________________ criteria to help define them.
SMART
Which describes the product and the service to be delivered in an agreement?
SOW
The is the ratio of earned value to planned value and can be used to estimate the projected time to complete the project.
SPI
After you total the EV, AC, and PV data for all activities on a project, you can use the CPI and ____________________ to project how much it will cost and how long it will take to finish the project based on performance to date.
SPI - schedule performance index - schedule performance index (SPI)
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 1058-1998 describes the contents of a(n) ____________________.
SPMP - Software Project Management Plan - Software Project Management Plan (SPMP)
The ____________________ model focuses on defining user requirements and planning software projects.
SQFD - Software Quality Function Deployment - Software Quality Function Deployment (SQFD)
Is the earned value minus the planned value
SV
Which of the following can we use to show if there is a relationship
Scatter diagram
Issues cause the most conflicts over the project life cycle.
Schedule
You are about to take over a project from another project manager and find out the following information about the project. Activity Z has an early start (ES) of day 15 and a late start (LS) of day 20. Activity Z is a difficult activity. The cost performance index (CPI) is 1.1. The schedule performance index (SPI) is 0.8. There are 11 stakeholders on the project.
Schedule
You are taking over a project and determine the following:
Schedule
A project manager is taking over a project from another project manager during the planning process group. If the new project manager wants to see what the previous project manager planned for managing changes to the schedule, it would be BEST to look at the:
Schedule management plan
Refer(s) to all the project work involved in creating the products of the project and processes used to create them.
Scope
Involves controlling changes to the project scope.
Scope control
Is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.
Scope creep
During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of project charter.
Scope management
During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of the project charter. The project manager points out that the team needs to concentrate on completing all the work and only the work required. This is an example of:
Scope management
Which of the following knowledge areas leads to specific project objectives?
Scope management
All of the following are parts of the scope baseline EXCEPT the:
Scope management plan
During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of project charter. The project manager points out the team needs to concentrate on completing all the work and only the work required. This is an example of ____
Scope management.
Involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders
Scope verification
Which of Covey’s habits does Douglas Ross suggest differentiates good project managers from average or poor project managers
Seek first to understand, then to be understood
Involves evaluating the reasons for dependencies and the different types of dependencies
Sequencing activities
Involves identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities
Sequencing activities
All of the following are parts of Direct and Manage Project Execution EXCEPT:
Setting up a project control system
Are often more effective particularly for sensitive information
Short face-to-face meetings
Communications are often enhanced when the sender ___ the receiver.
Shows concern for the perspective of
Is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities.
Six 9s of quality
Is a comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining and maximizing business success.
Six Sigma
Project management is "the application of knowledge,..., tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements."
Skills
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs in which does the need for
Social needs
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs in which does the need for acceptance occurs?
Social needs
Skills include effective communication, influencing the organization to get things done, leadership, motivation, negotiation, conflict management, and problem solving.
Soft
The project has been going well, except for the number of changes being made. The project is being installed into seven different departments within the company and will greatly improve departmental performance when operational. There are 14 project management processes selected for use on this project. The project manager is a technical expert as well as having been trained in communications and managing people. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the project problems?
Some stakeholders were not identified
Which of the following are ALL items included in the cost management plan?
Specifications for how estimates should be stated, rules for measuring cost performance, the level of accuracy needed for estimates
You are taking over a project during the planning process group and discover that six individuals have signed the project charter. Which of the following should MOST concern you?
Spending more time on configuration management
During the first half of the project, five team members left for other projects without being replaced, two team members went on vacation without informing you, and other team members expressed uncertainty about the work they were to complete. In this situation, it is BEST if you create a _____ for the second half of the project.
Staffing management plan
Is a document that describes when and how people will be added to and taken off a project team.
Staffing management plan
During the first half of the project, five team member left for other projects without being replaced, two team members went on vacation without informing you, and other team members expressed uncertainty about the work they were complete.
Staffing management plan.
During the first half of the project, five team member left for other projects without being replaced, two team members went on vacation without informing you, and other team members expressed uncertainty about the work they were complete. In this situation, it is the BEST if you create a _______ for the second half of the project?
Staffing management plan.
The work breakdown structure can BEST be thought of as an effective aid for __ communications.
Stakeholder
Are people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents to the project.
Stakeholders
Are the people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents of the project
Stakeholders
Measures how much variation exists in a distribution of data.
Standard deviation
Which ofthe following BEST describes the relationship between standard deviation and risk?
Standard deviation tells you how unsure the estimate is
A seller is working on a cost reimbursable (CR) contract when the buyer decides he would like to expand the scope of services and change to a fixed price (FP) contract. All of the following are the seller's options EXCEPT:
Starting over with a new contract
Involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection
Statistical sampling
Describe where the project stands at a specific point in time
Status reports
Are a good way to highlight information provided in important project documents, empower people to be accountable for their work, and have face-to-face discussions about important project issue
Status review meetings
Should serve as the foundation for deciding which projects to pursue
Strategic planning
In... ... .... Organization structure type, project manager has "Moderate to high" authority
Strong Matrix
The __________ deal with how the organization is structured and focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management
Structural frame
Are responsible for managing the subprojects into which a large project might be divided.
Subproject managers
The section of the project management plan describing management and technical approaches should include the following information, except for
Summary schedule
Cost is money that has been spent in the past.
Sunk
Should be forgotten
Sunk costs
You are asked to prepare a budget for completing a project that was started last year and then shelved for six months. All the following would be included in the budget EXCEPT:
Sunk costs
A project manager for the seller is told by her management that the project should do whatever possible to be awarded incentive money. The primary objective of incentive clauses in a contract is to:
Synchronize objectives
Is the concept that the whole is equal to more than the sum of its parts.
Synergy
Are the screens and reports the system generates.
System outputs
Are sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.
Systems
Is a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs.
Systems analysis
Addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and making a change to a system.
Systems management
Describes a holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization
Systems thinking
Directing and managing project execution involves carrying out the project management plan by performing the activities included in it
T
Information systems can help an organization support a strategy of being a low-cost producer
T
Many people consider project integration management the key to overall project success
T
Many problems and directives must be resolved quickly
T
Strategic planning involves determining long-term objectives by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of an organization, studying opportunities and threats in the business environment, predicting future trends, and projecting the need for new products and services
T
The number of interfaces can increase exponentially as the number of people involved in a project increases.
T
Strategic planning involves determining long-term objectives by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of an organization, studying opportunities and threats in the business environment, predicting future trends, and projecting the need for new products and services.
T-134
The level of activity and length of each process group varies for every project.
T-80
The presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story
TAT
The ____________________ is a tool to measure the individual needs of different people using McClelland’s categories.
TAT - Thematic Apperception Test - Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
The ____________________ is based on the fact that, like a chain with its weakest link, any complex system at any point in time often has only one aspect or constraint that limits its ability to achieve more of its goal.
TOC - Theory of Constraints - Theory of Constraints (TOC)
Testing the entire population would:
Take too long
Are those costs that an organization can easily measure in dollars
Tangible
Are those costs that an organization can easily measure in dollars.
Tangible costs
Can facilitate the process of distributing information, when used properly.
Technology
Which of media is the best choice when you want to make a simple request
Telephone call/Email
During a meeting with some of the project stakeholders, the project manager is asked to add work to the project scope. The project manager had access to correspondence about the project before the project charter was signed and remembers that the project sponsor specifically denied funding for the scope mentioned by these stakeholders.
Tell the stakeholders the scope cannot be added
Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.5?
The AC is 100 and the EV is 150.
Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.5? (Hint: Burn rate is the same as the Cost Performance Index)
The AC is 100 and the EV is 150.
Which of the following is CORRECT in regard to the Control Scope process?
The Scope Control process must be integrated with other control processes
A cost management plan contains a description of
The WBS level at which earned value will be calculated
Estimate at completion (EAC) is a periodic evaluation of:
The anticipated total cost at project completion
Which of the following is included in a project charter?
The business need for the project
A large, one-year telecommunications project is about halfway done when you take the place of the previous project manager. The project involves three different sellers and a project team of 30 people. You would like to see the project's communications requirements and what technology is being used to aid in project communications. Where will you find this information?
The communications management plan
Which of the following is CORRECT
The critical path helps prove how long the project will take
You are the project manager for the LLL Project. Steven, a project team member, is confused about network diagrams. Specifically
The critical path is the path with the longest duration
You are the project manager for the LLL Project. Steven, a project team member, is confused about network diagrams. Specifically, he wants to know what the critical path is in a network diagram.
The critical path is the path with the longest duration
You are the project manager for the LLL Project. Steven, a project team member, is confused about network diagrams. Specifically, he wants to know what the critical path is in a network diagram. Your answer is which one of the following?
The critical path is the path with the longest duration.
Formal written correspondence with the customer is required when ___
The customer requests additional work not covered under contract
Formal written correspondence with the customer is required when:
The customer requests additional work not covered under contract
Quality is ___
The degree to which the project meets requirements
A work package represents the level of work that the project manager monitors and controls.
True
A project team member is talking to another team member and complaining that so many people are asking him to do things
The functional manager
Which is the most appropriate description that explains a project team member?
The group that carries out the work of the project.
Focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people
The human resources frame
Focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people.
The human resources frame
The amount of authority a project manager possesses can be related to
The organization structure
The amount of authority a project manager possesses can be related to ______________
The organization structure
The difference between the cost baseline and the cost budget can be BEST described as:
The management reserve
Two people are arguing about what needs to be done to complete a work package. If the project manager wants to know what is going on, she should pay MOST attention to:
The pitch and tone of the voices, and physical mannerisms
All of the following are outputs of the Estimate Costs process EXCEPT:
The prevention of inappropriate changes from being induded in the cost baseline
All of the following are common results of risk management EXCEPT:
The project charter is changed
You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process.
The project contract
You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. Which of the following will not be helpful in your meeting?
The project contract
Two project managers have just realized that they are in a weak matrix organization and that their power as project managers is quite limited.
The project expediter cannot make decisions
During the six month update on a 1 year, $50,000 project, the analysis shows that the PV is $25,000; the EV is $20,000 and the AC is $15,000. What can be determined from these figures?
The project is behind schedule and under cost.
One of your team members informs you that he does not know which of the
The project management office
One of your team members informs you that he does not know which of the many projects he is working on is the most important.
The project management office
One of your team members informs you that he does not know which of the many projects he is working on is the most important. Who should determine the priorities among projects in a company?
The project management office
Who has the MOST power in a projectized organization?
The project manager
A project manager has managed four projects for the company and is being considered to join the project management office team. The following is discovered during the evaluation of his performance. The project manager's first project had an ending cost variance of -500, used two critical resources, needed to rework the project charter during project executing and was ranked 14th in priority within the company. The second project finished with a schedule variance of +100.
The project manager did not effectively involve the stakeholders, showing that he does not have the knowledge to work in the project management office
During the completion of project work, the sponsor asks the project manager to report on how the project is going. In order to prepare the report, the project manager asks all the team members what percent complete their work is. There is one team member who has been hard to manage from the beginning. In response to being asked what percent complete he is, the team member asks, "Percent complete of what?" Being tired of such comments, the project manager reports to the team members boss that the team member is not co operating. Which of the following is MOST likely the real problem?
The project manager does not have work packages
The project CPI is 1.02, the benefit cost ratio is 1.7, and the latest round of performance reviews identified few needed adjustments. The project team was co-located into a new building when the project started. Everyone commented on how excited they were to have all new facilities. The sponsor is providing adequate support for the project, and few unidentified risks have occurred. In an attempt to improve performance, the project manager spends part of the project budget on new chairs for the team members and adds the term "senior" to each team member's job title. Which of the following is the MOST correct thing that can be said of this project or the project manager?
The project manager has misunderstood Herzberg's theory
Which of the following BEST describes the project manager's role during the procurement process?
The project manager should supply an understanding of the risks of the project
During project plan execution
The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan
During project plan execution:
The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan.
The project has going well, except for the number of changes being made. The Project is being installed in to seven different departments within the company
The project should have used more of the project management Processes
The preparation of the scope baseline can BEST be described as involving:
The project team
At the end of a project, a project manager determines that the project has added four areas of functionality and three areas of performance. The customer has expressed satisfaction with the project. What does this mean in terms of success of the project?
The project was unsuccessful because it was gold plated
Who has the cost risk in a fixed price (FP) contract?
The seller
A project is plagued by changes to the project charter. Who has the primary responsibility to decide if these changes are necessary?
The sponsor
Which is the correct explanation of Scope?
The sum of the products and services created as a project
During project planning, you estimate the time needed for each activity and then add the estimates to create the project estimate. You commit to completing the project by this date. What is wrong with this scenario?
The team did not create the estimate, and a network diagram was not used
During a team meeting, the team adds a specific area of extra work to the project because they have determined it would benefit the customer. What is wrong in this situation?
The team is gold plating
Risk tolerances are determined in order to help:
The team rank the project risks
People who believe in assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility.
Theory X
In which of the following theory, McGregor assumes individuals consider work as natural as play or rest and enjoy the statisfaction of esteem
Theory Y
Managers who believe in McGregor’s ____________________ assume that individuals do not inherently dislike work, but consider it as natural as play or rest.
Theory Y
The management theory that states that all people can direct their own efforts is:
Theory Y
Douglas McGregor introduced the following the human relations theories, except
Theory Z
Emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers
Theory Z
Which of the following describes the theory Z style of management
Theory Z is based on the Japanese approach to motivating workers, emphasizing trust, quality, collective decision making, and cultural values
The project manager and project sponsor are discussing the project costs and whether it is better to have their own company do part of the project or hire another company to do the work. If they asked for your opinion, you might say it would be better to do the work yourself if:
There is a lot of proprietary data
Cost risk means
There is a risk that project costs could go higher than planned
What is the duration of a milestone?
There is no duration
Is the one variable in project scheduling that has the least amount of flexibility.
Time
A project team is working on manufacturing a new product, but they are having difficulty creating a project charter.
They are working on a process and not a project
What does a resource histogram show that a responsibility assignment matrix does not?
Time
Contracts are a hybrid of both fixed-price and cost-reimbursable contracts.
Time and material (T&M) - Time and material - T&M
According to textbook, every project is constrained in different ways by its scope,...., and cost goals
Time
You are a project manager for a major information systems project. Someone from the quality department comes to see you about beginning a quality audit of your project. The team, already under pressure to complete the project as soon as possible, objects to the audit. You should explain to the team that the purpose of a quality audit is:
To identify inefficient and ineffective policies
A stakeholder management strategy is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project.
True
A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.
True
Is the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the planned project finish date
Total slack
A(n) ____________________ Gantt chart compares planned and actual project schedule information.
Tracking
Project managers often illustrate progress with a showing key deliverables and activities
Tracking Gantt chart
NOT a preferred section in communication plan
Training activities
Which of the following is not a preferred section in communication plan?
Training activities
Purchasing insurance is BEST considered an example of risk:
Transfer
All of the following are basic IT project portfolio categories, except?
Transform: projects in this category can be done to open new business domain.
Are indicators or symptoms of actual risk events.
Triggers
A Tracking Gantt chart is based on the percentage of work completed for project tasks or the actual start and finish dates.
True
A fast and easy way to determine early and late start and finish dates and free and total slack amounts for activities is by using project management software.
True
A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team.
True
Adding more people to a project that is falling behind schedule often causes more setbacks because of the increased complexity of communications.
True
After defining project activities, the next step in project time management is sequencing them or determining their dependencies.
True
All projects can benefit from using some type of project management information system to coordinate and communicate project information.
True
Although it is easier to focus on the immediate and sometimes narrow concerns of a particular project, project managers and other staff must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization.
True
An annual discount factor is a multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year.
True
An organization may initiate information technology projects for several reasons, but the most important reason is to support business objectives.
True
An organization should put considerable thought into project selection to ensure that it initiates the right kinds of projects for the right reasons.
True
An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.
True
Any new technology or business process is untested and has inherent risks.
True
Any type of contract should include specific clauses that take into account issues unique to the project.
True
As projects progress, the organization must reevaluate the need, funding, and will for each project to determine if the project should be continued, redefined, or terminated.
True
As the job market changes, people should upgrade their skills to remain marketable and flexible.
True
Because projects involve uncertainty and limited resources, projects rarely finish according to discrete scope, time, and cost goals as originally planned.
True
Before you can improve project risk management, you must understand what risk is.
True
By analyzing stakeholder communications needs, you can avoid wasting time or money on creating or disseminating unnecessary information.
True
By reviewing the project scope statement, cost, schedule, and communications management plans, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets, project teams can discuss and analyze risk management activities for their particular projects.
True
COBOL programmers cannot be of much help on a Java project.
True
Communicating badly exponentially increases the possibility of making fatal mistakes.
True
Consistent communication helps organizations improve project communications, especially for programs composed of multiple projects.
True
Contents of the procurement management plan will vary with project needs.
True
Cost budgeting provides information for project funding requirements.
True
DMAIC is used to improve an existing business process.
True
Different cultures may have different perceptions of work ethic.
True
Directing and managing project execution involves carrying out the project management plan by performing the activities included in it.
True
Do not have a meeting if there is a better way of achieving the objective at hand.
True
Emotional conflict, which stems from personality clashes and misunderstandings, often depresses team performance.
True
Estimates are usually done at various stages of a project and should become more accurate as time progresses.
True
Even though many information technology projects are canceled before completion, it is still important to formally close any project and reflect on what can be learned to improve future projects.
True
Even though the delivery of new hardware may not be in the scope of a project, you should add an external dependency to it.
True
Every cost estimate is unique.
True
Expectations can vary based on an organization’s culture or geographic region.
True
Fast tracking can end up lengthening the project schedule.
True
Human resource issues often occur during project execution, especially conflicts.
True
ISO 9000 provides minimum requirements needed for an organization to meet its quality certification standards.
True
If a certain resource is overallocated, the project manager can change the schedule to remove resource overallocation.
True
If a project manager does not submit a potential project in the proper format, it could be rejected.
True
If a project manager gets sick for two weeks or an important supplier goes out of business, management reserve could be set aside to cover the resulting costs.
True
If companies plan their projects well, they can avoid the need for overtime, or they can make it clear that overtime is optional.
True
If products are accepted, they are considered to be validated deliverables.
True
If project managers lead projects in isolation, it is unlikely that those projects will ever truly serve the needs of the organization.
True
If there is no need to buy any products or services from outside the organization, then there is no need to perform any of the other procurement management processes.
True
If you want some time-based flow for the work, you can create a WBS using the project management process groups of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing as Level 2 in the WBS.
True
In a Gantt chart created in Microsoft Project, a black diamond symbol represents a milestone.
True
In addition to progress reports, an important tool for monitoring and controlling a project is using project management software.
True
Increasing the project manager’s authority is a strategy for mitigating technical and cost risks.
True
Individual work styles and cultural differences may cause schedule conflicts.
True
Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope.
True
Information systems can help an organization support a strategy of being a low-cost producer.
True
Information technology is usually a support function in an organization.
True
Initiating processes take place during each phase of a project.
True
It is customary to have contract negotiations during the source selection process.
True
It is important that the people who help determine what resources are necessary include people who have experience and expertise in similar projects and with the organization performing the project.
True
It is important to clarify what functions and features the system must perform, and what functions and features are optional.
True
It is rare for technical specialists or project managers to remain with the same company for a long time.
True
Lack of user input leads to problems with managing scope creep and controlling change.
True
Make-or-buy analysis involves estimating the internal costs of providing a product or service and comparing that estimate to the cost of outsourcing.
True
Managing the triple constraint involves making trade-offs between scope, time, and cost goals for a project.
True
Many WBSs include a section for project communications to ensure that reporting key information is a project deliverable.
True
Many companies are realizing that they can use offshore outsourcing and create more jobs at home.
True
Many highly qualified information technology workers lost their jobs in the past few years.
True
Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developing software, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement.
True
Many information technology projects are failures in terms of meeting scope, time, and cost projections.
True
Many organizations have found that large information technology projects require experienced general managers who understand the business and application area of the technology, not the technology itself.
True
Many organizations provide guidelines and templates for developing WBSs.
True
Many people consider project integration management the key to overall project success.
True
Many people still use basic productivity software, such as Microsoft Word or Excel, to perform many project management functions.
True
Many problems and directives must be resolved quickly.
True
Many projects have each team member prepare a monthly or sometimes weekly progress report.
True
Many projects that are started never finish because of cost management problems.
True
Many projects, especially in information technology, have very unrealistic schedule expectations.
True
Many projects, particularly information technology projects, do not have good planning information, so tracking performance against a plan might produce misleading information.
True
Many quality experts believe the main cause of quality problems is the lack of leadership.
True
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs states that people’s behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs.
True
Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format.
True
Minimizing defects does not matter if an organization is making a product that no one wants to buy.
True
Modern quality management requires customer satisfaction, prefers prevention to inspection, and recognizes management responsibility for quality.
True
Monitoring and controlling processes overlap all of the other project management process groups.
True
Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.
True
Most educational systems for information technology graduates promote strong technical skills over strong communication and social skills.
True
Most organizations have a well-established process for preparing budgets.
True
Most people simply accept poor quality from many information technology products.
True
New software makes basic tools, such as Gantt charts and network diagrams, inexpensive, easy to create, and available for anyone to update.
True
Not understanding how to communicate effectively with other cultures and people of diverse backgrounds hurts projects and businesses.
True
One attribute that helps define a project is that a project has a unique purpose.
True
One innovative approach to hiring and retaining information technology staff is to offer existing employees incentives for helping recruit and retain personnel.
True
Payback period is the amount of time it will take to recoup, in the form of net cash inflows, the total dollars invested in a project.
True
People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.
True
Planning the project includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations.
True
Project management plans document project planning assumptions and decisions regarding choices.
True
Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects.
True
Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.
True
Project managers must be able to make effective use of technology as it relates to the specific project.
True
Project managers must conduct cash flow analysis to determine net present value.
True
Project managers often do not have control over project staff who report to them.
True
Project managers often recommend that people take specific training courses to improve individual and team development.
True
Project managers often take on the role of both leader and manager.
True
Project managers should lead their teams in developing norms for dealing with various types of conflicts that might arise on their projects.
True
Project managers should possess general management knowledge and skills.
True
Project organizations may miss economies of scale available through the pooling of requests for materials with other projects.
True
Project risk management does not stop with the initial risk analysis.
True
Project schedules grow out of the basic documents that initiate a project.
True
Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project.
True
Quality planning implies the ability to anticipate situations and prepare actions that bring about the desired outcome.
True
ROM estimates can be referred to as a ballpark estimate, a guesstimate, a swag, or a broad gauge.
True
Rarely does the receiver interpret a message exactly as the sender intended.
True
Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments.
True
SWOT analysis can be used during risk identification by having project teams focus on the broad perspectives of potential risks for particular projects.
True
Schedule performance can be estimated by subtracting the original time estimate from how long it really took to complete the project.
True
Schedules tend to focus primarily on time rather than on both time and resources.
True
Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.
True
Selecting the most experienced project manager is recommended for reducing schedule risks.
True
Several PC-based software packages are available that perform Monte Carlo simulations.
True
Since the organization usually commits more money as a project continues, a management review should occur after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals.
True
Some people might use a contract in place of a charter.
True
Some termination clauses state that the buyer can terminate a contract for any reason and give the supplier only 24 hours’ notice.
True
Status reports can take various formats depending on the stakeholders’ needs.
True
Testing needs to be done during almost every phase of the systems development life cycle.
True
Thamhain and Wilemon found that when project managers used work challenge and expertise to influence people, projects were more likely to succeed.
True
The 2006 Standish Group survey showed that IT project success rates had risen from 16 percent in 1994 to 35 percent in 2006.
True
The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.
True
The Delphi technique is a systematic, interactive forecasting procedure based on independent and anonymous input regarding future events.
True
The Microsoft Solution Framework (MSF) includes a risk management model that includes developing and monitoring a top-ten master list of risks.
True
The Monte Carlo analysis can predict the probability of finishing by a certain date or the probability that the cost will be equal to or less than a certain value.
True
The WBS provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance.
True
The arrows in a network diagram represent the activity sequencing or relationships between tasks.
True
The best way to kill a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.
True
The communications management plan will vary with the needs of the project.
True
The cost for risk management should not exceed the potential benefits.
True
The cost management plan is part of the overall project management plan.
True
The cost savings and use of offshore resources lower inflation, increase productivity, and lower interest rates.
True
The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts).
True
The formulas for variances and indexes start with EV, the earned value.
True
The job description for a project manager can vary by industry and by organization.
True
The key deliverables section of the project management plan should describe the quality expectations for the product deliverables.
True
The majority of people in the United States use the Internet.
True
The number of interfaces can increase EXPONENTIALLY as the number of people involved in a project increases.
True
The process of acquiring a project team falls under the Project Human Resource Management knowledge area.
True
The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.
True
The project scope statement, stakeholder requirements documentation, and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a WBS.
True
The same organization can have different subcultures.
True
The tasks in a WBS do not have to be developed as a sequential list of steps.
True
The term “e-procurement� often describes various procurement functions that are now done electronically.
True
The total value of the contract is a function of the quantities needed to complete the work.
True
Understanding which variables affect outcome is a very important part of quality planning.
True
Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing schedule and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries.
True
Using Six Sigma principles is an organization-wide commitment.
True
Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.
True
When an organization outsources work, it often does not have as much control over those aspects of projects that suppliers carry out.
True
When using the confrontation mode, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements.
True
Winners in project delivery know that strong program managersâ€"referred to as project leadersâ€"are crucial to project success.
True
You can break down the technology risk category into hardware, software, and network technology.
True
You can only enter duration estimates for work packages.
True
Which of the following statements is false?
Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end.
Can be used in various types of contracts to require the buyer to pay the supplier a predetermined amount per unit of product or service.
Unit pricing
In a fixed price (FP) contract, the fee or profit is:
Unknown
To manage a project effectively, work should be broken down into small pieces. Which of the following does NOT describe how far to decompose the work?
Until it can be done by one person
The cost performance index (CPI) of a project is 0.6 and the schedule performance index (SPI) is 0.71. The project has 625 work packages and is being completed over a four-year period. The team members are veryinexperienced, and the project received little support for proper planning. Which of the following is the BEST thing to do?
Update risk identification and analysis
Is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them
Use case modeling
All of the following are main techniques for shortening schedules
Use multi-tasking
Is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system
User acceptance
Analogous estimating
Uses top-down estimating techniques
An example of risk mitigation is:
Using proven technology in the development of a product to lessen the probability that the product will not work
Parametric cost estimating involves:
Using rates and factors based on historical experience to estimate costs.
Is the difference between planned and actual performance.
Variance
If a project manager wants to report on the actual project results vs. planned results, she should use a:
Variance report
The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. What should the project manager be MOST concerned with before moving on to the final phase?
Verify Scope
The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule.
Verify scope
The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. What should project manager be MOST concerned with before moving on to the final phase?
Verify scope
Involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process.
Verifying scope
A__________________ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defined the total scope of the project
WBS
Project management software helps you develop a __________, which serves as basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs
WBS
The provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance
WBS
Which of the following is not an output from the activity duration estimating process?
WBS
A project manager usually organizes the project work into several work packages using a(n) ____________________.
WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
Creating the ____________________ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
It is helpful to analyze the total dollar value as well as the percentage of the total amount for each major ____________________ category.
WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
Some project management experts believe that work should not be done on a project if it is not included in the ____________________.
WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
The ____________________ is a very important tool in project management because it provides the basis for deciding how to do the work.
WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
Which of the following is not a primary input of activity duration estimation process?
WBS Dictionary
Which of the following is not an output of activity resource estimation process?
WBS Dictionary
Detailed descriptions of work packages are commonly contained in _
WBS dictionaries
A(n) ____________________ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.
WBS dictionary
During project executing, a team member comes to the project manager because he is not sure of what work he needs to accomplish on the project. Which of the following documents contain detailed descriptions of work packages?
WBS dictionary
Lag means:
Waiting time
The ________________ has well-defined, linear stages of system analysis, design, construction, testing, and support.
Waterfall lifecycle model
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) is the only inappropriate method for expressing support/appreciation.
Web site
All of the following statements concerning procurement documents are incorrect EXCEPT:
Well-designed procurement documents can simplify comparison of responses
When should a risk be avoided?
When the risk event is unacceptable -- generally one with a very high probability of occurrence and high impact.
In a projectized organization, the project team:
Will not always have a 'home'
What conflict resolution technique is a project manager using when he says, "I cannot deal with this issue now!"
Withdrawal
When using the _________, project managers retreat or withdraw from actual or potential disagreement. This approach is also called avoiding mode.
Withdrawal mode
Conflict resolution techniques that may be used on a project include confronting, smoothing, forcing, and:
Withdrawing
Which of the following can be used to determine what work is included in
Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary
Which of the following can be used to determine what work is included in each work package for each of your team members?
Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary
The project manager notices that project activities being completed by one department are all taking slightly longer than planned. To date, none of theactivities/work packages have been on the critical path, nor have they affected the critical chain planning that has occurred. The project manager is bothered by the problem, since four of the next five critical path activities are being completed by this department. After making three calls, the project manager is finally able to converse with the department manager to determine what is going on. The conversation is slow, because both speak different native languages and they are trying to converse in French, a shared language.
Work on increasing the effectiveness of the performing organization by recommending continuous improvement of the policy in question
Which of the following is an important input to the integrated change control process?
Work performance information
Extensive use of ___ communication is most likely to aid in solving complex problems.
Written
A schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.76 means:
You are only progressing at 76 percent of the rate originally planned
Risks are accepted when:
You develop a contingency plan to execute should the risk event occur
Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter?
a Gant chart
A program is which one of the following
a collection of projects with a common objective
The project schedule information section of the project management plan might include
a detailed schedule
What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project?
a failure to communicate
The WBS is __________.
a task oriented family tree of the project
Which of the following is NOT a project
a technician updates incorrect data weekly
McGregor assumes individuals consider to work as natural as play
a. Theory Y
Which of the following statements is false
a. Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end
Risk ____________________ involves accepting the consequences should a risk occur.
acceptance
People with a high need for seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile
achievemen
People with a high need for ____ seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile.
achievement
Key outputs of process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates
acquiring the project team
A(n) preventive ____________________ might be modifying a time-tracking system screen to avoid common errors people made in the past.
action
The provide(s) schedule-related information about each activity, such as predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions related to the activity
activity attributes
In the activity definition process, the project team should review the ____________________ and activity attributes with project stakeholders before moving on to the next step in project time management.
activity list
The ____________________ is a tabulation of activities to be included on a project schedule.
activity list
People with a high need for desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others
affiliation
Some professionals refuse to attend meetings if they do not have a(n) ____________________ ahead of time.
agenda
The term ____________________ has become popular to describe new approaches that focus on close collaboration between programming teams and business experts.
agile software development
The preparation of the scope baseline involves the
all the stakeholders
In the , you use a similar project’s WBS as a starting point
analogy approach
An important tool used in the phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram
analyze
Estimate at completion (EAC) is periodic evaluation of:
anticipated total cost at project completion.
Which of the following is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an accepted or rejected?
appraisal cost
From the project perspective, quality attributes:
are specific characteristics for which a product is designed and tested.
The project management must answer the following questions, except
are we working on the right project?
All of the following shows the organizational commitment to information technology, except
assigning enough IT rescources to IT projects
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders
authority
It is important to put information in context, especially if it is ____________________ news.
bad
A(n) ____ is a methodology that converts an organization's value drivers, such as customer service, innovation, operational efficiency, and financial performance, to a series of defined metrics.
balanced scorecard
A(n) is a methodology that converts an organization’s value drivers, such as customer service, innovation, operational efficiency, and financial performance, to a series of defined metrics
balanced scorecard
A(n) ____________________ is the approved project management plan plus approved changes.
baseline
A(n) ____________________ is the original project plan plus approved changes.
baseline
A(n) ____________________ is a document prepared by sellers providing pricing for standard items that have been clearly defined by the buyer.
bid - tender - quote - quotation
A(n) ____________________ conference is a meeting with prospective sellers prior to preparation of their proposals or bids.
bidders’ - bidders - supplier - pre-bid
In the ____________________ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible.
bottom-up
Project managers often use the approach for projects that represent entirely new systems or approaches to doing a job, or to help create buy-in and synergy with a project team
bottom-up
One method for selecting projects based on ____ is to determine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, funding, and will.
broad organizational needs
One method for selecting projects based on is to determine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, funding, and will
broad organizational needs
Projects that address are much more likely to be successful because they will be important to the organization
broad organizational needs
A is used to allocate money into an organization’s budget
budgetary estimate
An organization may initiate information technology projects for several reasons, but the most important reason is to support
business objectives
A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format.
calendar
A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a format.
calendar
Sample size = 0.25 * (____________________/acceptable error)2
certainty factor
Some projects have a senior manager called a(n) ____________________ who acts as a key proponent for a project.
champion
A(n) is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be changed.
change control system
During the completion of the project, a project manager wants to ensure that the quality of the end product is acceptable. The BEST way to do this is by:
checking quality levels against the standards set in the quality plan.
In the ____________________ phase, there should be some sort of customer acceptance of the entire project.
close-out - closeout
The process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end.
closing
Administrative activities are often involved in , such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project
closing processes
Many experts agree that the greatest threat to the success of any project, especially information technology projects, is a failure to ____________________.
communicate
Project management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information
communication
A(n) ______________________________ is a document that guides project communications.
communications management plan
Information regarding the content of essential project communications comes from the
communications management plan
With the _, project managers use a give-and-take approach to resolving conflicts
compromise mode
A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the phase, and an overview of the work involved is created
concept
Ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete
configuration management
When the stakes are high, ____________________ is never far away.
conflict
Quality is
conforming to requirements, specifications, and fitness of use
Research indicates that project managers favor using for conflict resolution over the other four modes
confrontation
The mode is also called the problem-solving mode
confrontation
When using the ________, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements.
confrontation mode
A well-written ____________________â€"a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified products or services and obligates the buyer to pay for themâ€"can clarify responsibilities and sharpen focus on key deliverables of a project.
contract
If a SOW is used as part of a contract to describe only the work required for that particular contract, it is called a(n) ____________________ statement of work.
contract
The communications management plan can be part of the team
contract
Experienced project managers know it is often best to balance the degree of ____________________ to get good project results.
control
Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where all of the following characteristics are high except _____.
control
A is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.
control chart
Budget forecast and work performance measurement are an output of
control costs
The ideal outcome of the monitoring and ____________________ process group is to complete a project successfully by delivering the agreed-upon project scope within time, cost, and quality constraints.
controlling
The project management plan, project funding requirements, work performance data, and organizational process assets are inputs for the process of .
controlling costs
Outputs from ____ include performance measurements, organizational process assets updates, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates.
controlling the schedule
Outputs from include performance measurements, organizational process assets updates, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates
controlling the schedule
Many studies define project success as meeting project scope, time, and ____________________ goals.
cost
The question, “What is the project’s budget?� is related to the project’s ____________________.
cost
In addition to providing input for budgetary estimates, cost budgeting provides a(n) ____________________.
cost baseline
The main goal of the process is to produce a cost baseline for measuring project performance and project funding requirements
cost budgeting
The main outputs of the ____________________ process are a cost performance baseline, project funding requirements, and project document updates.
cost budgeting
The main outputs of the ____________________ process are work performance measurements, budget forecasts, organizational process asset updates, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates.
cost control
In practice, many people find that using a combination or hybrid approach involving analogous, bottom up, and/or parametric modeling provides the best ____________________.
cost estimates
The main outputs of the ____________________ process are activity cost estimates, basis of estimates, and project document updates.
cost estimating
A(n) ____________________ is a document that describes how the organization will manage cost variances on the project.
cost management plan
The ____________________ means taking responsibility for failures or not meeting quality expectations.
cost of nonconformance
Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for seller
cost plus percentage of costs
The longest path through a network diagram that determines the earliest completion of a project is called the path
critical
A(n) ____________________ for a project is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which the project can be completed.
critical path
The ____ ultimately decides if quality is acceptable
customer
The ultimately decides if quality is acceptable
customer
A(n) is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements.
defect
Only after meeting ____________________ needs can individuals act upon growth needs.
deficiency
The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as ____ needs.
deficiency
The bottom four needs in Maslow’s structure are referred to as needs
deficiency
Important tools used in the phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data.
define
The goal of ____ is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work.
defining activities
The goal of is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work
defining activities
The main outputs of the process are an activity list, activity attributes, milestone list, and requested changes
defining activities
A is used for making many purchasing decisions for which accurate estimates are required and for estimating final project costs
definitive estimate
If the cost estimate will be the basis for contract awards and performance reporting, it should be a and as accurate as possible
definitive estimate
The term describes a product produced as part of a project
deliverabl
A(n) ____________________ is a product or service, such as a report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.
deliverable
Because a project requires resources, often from various areas, many projects cross or other boundaries to achieve their unique purposes
departmenta
Cost performance baseline is an output of
determine budget
The first step in determining the NPV is to .
determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
According to the guideline governing , many meetings are most effective with the minimum number of participants possible
determining who should attend the meeting
Which of the following processes is NOT a part of project integration management
develop the project business case
Which of the following processes is NOT a part of project integration management?
develop the project business case
Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management?
develop the project business case
The main outputs of process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors update
developing the project team
The ultimate goal of is to create a realistic project schedule that provides a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project
developing the schedule
All of the following skills are very important for project managers, except
development
In the phase, the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS
development
Project managers should focus on , since they can control them
direct costs
Project managers should focus on ____, since they can control them.
direct costs
A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall
directive
A(n) ____________________ is the rate used in discounting future cash flow.
discount rate
The nature of information technology projects is different from projects in many other industries because they are very ____
diverse
One common way to compute estimate at completion (EAC) is to take the budget at completion (BAC) and:
divide by CPI
It’s important for the team to ____________________ assumptions they made when developing the cost baseline and have several experts review it.
document
Since organizations depend on reliable information technology, there are also huge costs associated with
downtime
One of the first reality checks on scheduling that a project manager should make is to review the ____________________ usually included in the project charter.
draft schedule
The activity list, activity attributes, activity resource requirements, resource calendars, project scope statement, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets all include information that affect
duration estimates
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) is the only method that is “excellent� for encouraging creative thinking
Enterprise ____________________ include relevant government or industry standards, the organization’s infrastructure, and marketplace conditions.
environmental factors
Outputs of ____________________ include activity duration estimates and project documentation updates.
estimating activity durations
Experts in source selection highly recommend that buyers use formal proposal ____________________ sheets during source selection.
evaluation
Processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produc the products, services, or results of the project or phase
excuting
The tasks vary the most from project to project
executin
Direct and manage project executing belongs to the ___ PM Process Group
executing
The ____ tasks vary the most from project to project.
executing
The project communications management knowledge area maps to the process group through the activity of information distribution
executing
The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities conducting procurements.
executing
The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the process group through the activities conducting procurements
executing
Which process group normally requires the most resources and time?
executing
Examples of include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements
executing processes
The majority of time on a project is usually spent on , as is most of the project’s budget.
execution
A(n) ____________________ is a group of senior executives from various parts of the organization, who regularly review important corporate projects and issues.
executive steering committee
Understanding the stakeholders’ ____________________ can help in managing issues.
expectations
Project sponsors can usually rank scope, time, and cost goals in order of importance in a(n)
expectations management matrix
The ______________________________ includes a list of measures of success as well as priorities, expectations, and guidelines related to each measure.
expectations management matrix
What tool and technique is used for all of the other project integration management processes?
expert judgment
Project managers should not hesitate to consult ____________________ on different topics, such as what methodology to follow, what programming language to use, what training approach to follow, and so on.
experts
Many users prefer to learn how to use a new system
face-to-face meetings
Project environment is unique so project requires a unique approach in project management
false (true_la dung_manhnl)
Critical chain scheduling protects tasks on the critical chain from being delayed by using , which consist of additional time added before tasks on the critical chain that are preceded by non-critical-path tasks.
feeding buffers
The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is
finalizing the project requirements
Information technology project managers need to be able to present and discuss project information in ____________________ terms as well as in technical terms.
financial
In a ____ relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes.
finish-to-finish
In a relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes.
finish-to-finish
In a relationship, the “from� activity must finish before the “to� activity can start.
finish-to-start
A(n) _________________________ contract has the least amount of risk for the buyer.
firm-fixed price (FFP) - firm-fixed price - FFP
The step in the planning process is to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization’s overall strategic plan
first
It took only years for 50 million people to use the Internet compared to 25 years for 50 million people to use telephones
five
Projects involve ____ project management process groups.
five
Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for buyer
fixed-price
System or process ____________________ are diagrams that show how different parts of a system interrelate.
flowcharts
Pareto charts helps the project manager:
focus on the most critical issues to improve quality.
When using the , project managers exert their viewpoint at the potential expense of another viewpoint.
forcing mode
What are five stages in Tuckman's model of team development, in chronological order?
forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
A(n) ____________________ determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity.
forward pass
Tom DeMarco, a well-known author on software development, suggests reasons for the inaccuracies of many information technology project cost estimates and some ways to overcome them
four
In a(n) ____________________ organizational structure, project managers have little or no authority.
functional
Three general classifications of organizational structures are ____________________, project, and matrix.
functional
Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure
functional organizational structure
Project team members may become stagnant or develop ____________________â€"conformance to the values or ethical standards of a groupâ€"if there are no conflicting viewpoints on various aspects of a project.
groupthink
The highest level of needs in Maslow’s structure is referred to as a need
growt
The main purpose of project plans is to ____________________ project execution.
guide
If ____________________ for developing a WBS exist, it is very important to follow them.
guidelines
Often, many non-technical professionalsâ€"from colleagues to managersâ€"prefer to about project information to try to find pertinent information
have a two-way
Often, many non-technical professionalsâ€"from colleagues to managersâ€"prefer to ____ about project information to try to find pertinent information.
have a two-way conversation
In which of the following, project managers' risk management skills are more important?
high uncertainty project
To handle complex situations effectively, project managers need to take a(n) ____________________ view of a project and understand how it relates to the larger organization.
holistic
Project management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with the project.
human
If organizations want to be successful at implementing information technology projects, they need to understand the importance of project ____________________ and take actions to make effective use of people.
human resource management
The ____________________ often includes an organizational chart for the project, detailed information on roles and responsibilities, and a staffing management plan.
human resource plan
The focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people
human resources frame
Which of the following knowledge areas is a facilitating knowledge area tha means througn which the project objectives are achieved
human resources management
A work breakdown structure numbering system allows project staff to:
identify the level at which individual elements are found
The main output of the ____________________ process is the start of a risk register.
identifying risks
In the ____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders.
implementation
In the phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders
implementation
The model provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities
incremental build life cycle
William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak's study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of risk management.
information systems
What is the first step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects?
information technology strategy planning
Develop project charter work belongs to the __ PM process group
initiating
During processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition
initiating
The project integration management knowledge area maps to the process group through the activities of developing project charters
initiating
The main tool for performing scope verification is ____________________.
inspection
Inadequate planning, poor resource allocation, poor integration management, and lack of post-project review are risk conditions associated with the ____________________ project management knowledge area.
integration
Initiating involves developing a project charter, which is part of the project ______ management knowledge area.
integration
Project management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas.
integration
Which of the following is the cost incurred to correct an identified defect before the customer receives the product?
internal failure cost
Project
internal rate of return (IRR
Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming?
interview
Developing a(n) ____________________ to share its project management knowledge could help a company reduce internal costs by working more effectively.
intranet
Many project managers keep a(n) ____________________ to document, monitor, and track issues that need to be resolved for the project team to work effectively.
issue log
What tool can you use to help manage stakeholders by ranking scope, time, and cost goals in order of important and provide guidelines on balancing these constraints?
issue log
A is a meeting held at the beginning of a project so that stakeholders can meet each other, review the goals of the project, and discuss future plans
kick-off meeting
The ____ is often held after the business case and project charter are completed, but it could be held sooner, as needed.
kick-off meeting
The is often held after the business case and project charter are completed, but it could be held sooner, as needed.
kick-off meeting
Another name for a phase exit is a ____ point.
kill
Management reviews, called phase exits or ____________________, are very important for keeping projects on track and determining if they should be continued, redirected, or terminated.
kill points
Project management ____________________ describe the key competencies that project managers must develop.
knowledge areas
The for an activity is the latest possible time an activity might begin without delaying the project finish date
late start date
A(n) focuses on long-term goals and big-picture objectives, while inspiring people to reach those goals
leader
Some people say that, “Managers do things right, and ____________________ do the right things.�
leaders
It takes to help improve
leadership
A_______ report if a reflective statement documenting important things that people learned from working on the project.
lessons-learned
A(n) _________________________ is a reflective statement documenting important things they have learned from working on the project.
lessons-learned report
Some items discussed in a(n) include reflections on whether project goals were met, whether the project was successful or not, the causes of variances on the project, the reasoning behind corrective actions chosen, the use of different project management tools and techniques, and personal words of wisdom based on team members’ experiences
lessons-learned report
What type of report do project teams create to reflect on what went right and what went wrong with the project?
lessons-learned report
Resource ____________________ aims to minimize period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances.
leveling
Project managers should try to ____________________ the size of teams or sub teams to avoid making communications too complex.
limit
Many experts believe that the difference between good project managers and excellent project managers is their ability to nurture relationships and use empathic ____________________ skills.
listening
The critical path is the path through a network diagram, and it represents the time it takes to complete a project
longest; shortest
Many organizations assert that using project management provides advantages, such as
lower costs
In early phases of a traditional project life cycle, resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____.
lowest, highest
Juran’s final step to quality improvement is
maintain momentum by making annual improvement part of the regular systems and processes of the company
A(n) ____________________ decision is one in which an organization decides if it is in its best interests to make certain products or perform certain services inside the organization, or if it is better to buy them from an outside organization.
make-or-buy
Quality metrics are an output of project
management
A(n) often deals with the day-to-day details of meeting specific goal
manager
Some people say that achieve the vision of a project.
managers
Personnel in a ____ organizational structure often report to two or more bosses.
matrix
In a , personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers
matrix organizational structure
The line in the middle of a control chart is called the
mean
The line in the middle of a control chart is called the:
mean
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) is the most appropriate method for giving complex instructions
meeting
A(n) ____________________ describes how things should be done.
methodology
Companies that excel in project delivery use performance ____________________ to quantify progress.
metrics
Examples of common ____________________ include failure rates of products produced, availability of goods and services, and customer satisfaction ratings.
metrics
A(n) ____________________ on a project is a significant event that normally has no duration.
milestone
After discovering WBS items and structure using the technique, you could then translate the information into chart or tabular form.
mind mapping
What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format
mind mapping
Which of the following items is not a step in four-stage planning processes for selecting IT project?
mind mapping
What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas
mindmapping
Which of the following is not a sugge control?
minimizechange
Examples of risk ____________________ include using proven technology, having competent project personnel, using various analysis and validation techniques, and buying maintenance or service agreements from subcontractors.
mitigation
Project manager's authority in the project organization structure is ___
moderate to high
The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the process group through the activity of administering procurements
monitoring and controlling
The project scope management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of scope verification and scope control
monitoring and controlling
The project scope management knowledge area maps to the process group through the activities of scope verification and scope control
monitoring and controlling
The project time management knowledge area maps to the process group through the activity of schedule control
monitoring and controlling
Managers like to see progress made on projects approximately each ____________________.
month
Psychosocial issues that affect how people work and how well they work include ____________________, influence and power, and effectiveness.
motivation
Herzberg called factors that cause job satisfaction ____________________.
motivators
In general, ____________________ numbers for cost and schedule variance indicate problems in those areas.
negative
A(n) ____________________ is a schematic display of the logical relationships among, or sequencing of, project activities.
network diagram
Many organizations rely on effective ____________________ (NPD) to increase growth and profitability.
new product development
In a network diagram, a(n) ____________________ is simply the starting and ending point of an activity.
node
In a , program managers report to the CEO
nructure
What term is used to describe when an organization acquires goods and/or sources from an outside source in another country?
offshoring
Two people have communications channel
one
The term “____________________� refers to work done in organizations to sustain the business.
operations
The cost of choosing one project and giving up another is called:
opportunity cost.
A(n) might provide an estimate of $50 per line of code for a software development project based on the programming language the project is using, the level of expertise of the programmers, the size and complexity of the data involved, and so on
parametric model
The ____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.
people focus
The characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization
people focus
In the Tuckman model, occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process
performing
The outputs of ____ include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates.
performing integrated change control
The outputs of include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates
performing integrated change control
A work breakdown structure, project schedule, and cost estimates are outputs of the _____ process.
planning
Many of the project management processes occur as part of the ____________________ process group.
planning
The last step in the ____________________ process for selecting information technology projects is choosing which projects to do and assigning resources for working on them.
planning
The project cost management knowledge area maps to the process group through the activities of estimating cases and budget determination.
planning
The output of the process is a communications management plan
planning communications
In which project procurement management process is an RFQ often written?
planning procurements
With a(n) ____________________, you can simply add all the points to determine the best projects for selection, without having to multiply weights and scores and sum the results.
point model
Competition for scarre resources make conflict a central issue in organizations, and power improves the ability to botain scarre rescources. which of the following should project managers use to understand the organization in order to be more effective in that issue?
political frame
The ____ assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.
political frame
The assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups
political frame
Many organizations are now using enterprise or project management software to help manage projects
portfolio
All of the following are important tools and techniques for developing project schedule, except
progress reports
Many organizations now collect and control an entire suite of projects or investments as one set of interrelated activities in one place, called a(n) ____________________.
portfolio
Risk management can have a(n) ____________________ impact on selecting projects, determining the scope of projects, and developing realistic schedules and cost estimates.
positive
People who need personal want to direct others and can be seen as bossy
power
Even though many information technology projects can be completed quickly, it is still important to ____________________ them.
prioritize
Covey, like Maslow, believes that people have the ability to be ____________________ and choose their responses to different situations.
proactive
A(n) ____________________ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result.
process
Each of the five project management ____________________ is characterized by the completion of certain tasks.
process groups
The term ____________________ is widely used in government.
procurement
Tools to assist in contract closure include ____________________ , negotiated settlements, and a records management system.
procurement audits
Understanding the ____________________ is just as important to good project management as understanding the phases of the traditional project life cycle.
product life cycle
Several application development projects done for the same functional group might best be managed as part of a _____.
program
Most systems analysts begin their careers as
programmers
Team leaders often create consolidated ____________________ based on the information received from team members.
progress reports
A ____ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result.
project
A(n) ____________________ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
project
A(n) is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the
project charter
Key inputs for preparing the project scope statement include the ____________________, requirements documentation, and organizational process assets such as policies and procedures related to scope statements as well as project files and lessons learned from previous, similar projects.
project charter
Project initiation starts with identifying potential projects, using realistic methods to select which projects to work on, and then formalizing their initiation by issuing some sort of ____________________.
project charter
The process of information distribution falls under the ____________________ knowledge area.
project communications - project communications management
The section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes
project controls
Using good ____________________ can change the false perception that costs grow and failures are to be expected.
project cost management
Good ____________________ management is critical to providing stakeholder satisfaction.
project integration
Which of the following is not an attribute of a project?
project involve little uncertainly
A is a collection of project phases.
project life cycle
Which of the following will help an organization make sure that the projects contribute to the entire enterprise's success
project management
A(n) is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project’s execution and control
project management plan
A____________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management.
project management plan
Ideally, the ____________________ would be involved in initiating a project, but often the project manager is selected after many initiation decisions have already been made.
project manager
In the example of the project of building a house, the __ would normally be the general contractor responsible for building the house.
project manager
Top management and ____________________ can have the greatest impact on the quality of projects by doing a good job of quality assurance.
project managers
All of the following aspects are very important for project managers to be competitive, except
project managers should have high technical skills
In a ____, program managers report to the CEO.
project organizational structure
Project managers have the most authority in a pure
project organizational structure
The purpose of ____________________ is to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.
project quality management - quality management
The section of the project plan should describe the major project functions and activities and identify those individuals who are responsible for them
project responsibilities
Project managers must use discipline to control
project schedules
Factors such as user involvement, clear business objectives, a minimized or clearly defined scope, and firm basic requirements, are elements of ____________________.
project scope management
An up-to-date is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope
project scope statement
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, is the ability to improve a worker’s position
promotio
A(n) ____________________ is a document prepared by a seller when there are different approaches for meeting buyer needs.
proposal
The model requires heavy user involvement, and developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously
prototyping life cycle
All meetings should have a(n) ____________________ and intended outcome.
purpose
The ____________________ of project management includes quality along with scope, time, and cost.
quadruple constraint
Project management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken.
quality
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines ____________________ as “the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.�
quality
Performing ____________________ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.
quality assurance
A(n) ____________________ is a structured review of specific quality management activities that help identify lessons learned that could improve performance on current or future projects.
quality audit
Performing _________________________ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality.
quality control
The process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling
quality control
When a product or service completely meets a customer's requirements:
quality is achieved.
The main outputs of ____ are a quality management plan, quality metrics, quality checklists, a process improvement plan, and project document updates.
quality planning
The main outputs of are a quality management plan, quality metrics, quality checklists, a process improvement plan, and project document updates
quality planning
A(n) ____________________ system provides the ability to easily organize, find, and archive procurement-related documents.
records management
Project management software highlights the critical path in on a network diagram.
red
A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format.
register
The outputs of the _________________________ process are performance reports, organizational process assets updates, and change requests.
reporting performance
The is the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment.
required rate of
A is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project’s resources by category and type
resource breakdown structure
A(n) is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time
resource histogram
What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks?
resource leveling
A________ maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work.
responsibility assignment matrix
On a network diagram, all arrowheads should face toward the
right
A(n) _________________________ is a hierarchy of potential risk categories for a project.
risk breakdown structure
A(n) ____________________ documents the procedures for managing risk throughout the project.
risk management plan
The ____________________ is the person who will own or take responsibility for the risk.
risk owner
A(n) ____________________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes.
risk register
A(n) ____________________ is the output of risk identification planning.
risk register
Utility rises at a decreasing rate for a ____ person.
risk-averse
Communication skills training usually includes ____________________ activities in which participants learn concepts such as building rapport.
role-playing - role playing
Which of followings can be used to perform trend analysis to forecast future outcomes based on historical patterns ?
run chart
Which of the following is a line chart that show data points plotted in the order in which they occur
run chart
According to the guideline governing , designate someone to take minutes and send the minutes out soon after the meeting
running the meeting professionally
Many practitioners define project success as
satisfying the customer/sponsor
The goal of is to know the status of the schedule, influence the factors that cause schedule changes, determine that the schedule has changed, and manage changes when they occur
schedule control
The main outputs of ____________________ include work performance measurements, organizational process assets updates, such as lessons-learned reports related to schedule control, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates.
schedule control
Of the following constraints, it is most difficult to describe, agree upon, and meet the goal of many projects
scope
Project __management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully
scope
The ____________________ statement clearly defines mandatory requirements and optional requirements.
scope
The question, “What unique product or service does the customer or sponsor expect from the project?� is related to the ____________________ of the project.
scope
The approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary form the ____________________.
scope baseline
The goal of is to influence the factors that cause scope changes, assure changes are processed according to procedures developed as part of integrated change control, and manage changes when they occur
scope control
Good is very important to project success because it helps improve the accuracy of time, cost, and resource estimates, it defines a baseline for performance measurement and project control, and it aides in communicating clear work responsibilities
scope definition
The main outputs of ____________________ are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.
scope definition
The should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project
scope statement
Which of the following is NOT a best practice for new product development projects?
select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects?
select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development
selectprojects that will take less than two years to provide payback
At the top of Maslow's pyramid or hierarchy of needs are _____ needs
self- actualization
Many professionals use ____________________ to help make several common business decisions, such as determining break-even points based on different assumptions.
sensitivity analysis
The states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for non-random problems.
seven run rule
Buyers often prepare a _____________ list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable.
short
Since information technology projects often require a lot of coordination, it is a good idea to have ____ meetings.
short, frequent
There are main processes involved in project integration management
six
There are main processes involved in project time management
six
What works on one project may not work on another, so it is essential for project managers to continue to develop their knowledge and in managing projects.
skills
A white diamond on the Tracking Gantt chart represents a(n) ____________________.
slipped milestone
When using the , the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement
smoothing mode
When using the ________, the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement.
smoothing mode
One reason project managers need good ____________________ skills is that to understand, navigate, and meet stakeholders’ needs and expectations, they need to lead, communicate, negotiate, solve problems, and influence the organization at large.
soft
Achieving high performance on projects requires , otherwise called human relations skills
soft skills
As computer hardware became smaller and more affordable and ____________________ included graphical and easy to use interfaces, project management software became less expensive and more widely used.
software
Watts S. Humphrey defines a(n) ____________________ as anything that must be changed before delivery of the program.
software defect
Selecting suppliers or sellers, often called ____________________ selection, involves evaluating proposals or bids from sellers, choosing the best one, negotiating the contract, and awarding the contract.
source
Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement?
speaking
Many people confuse tasks on a WBS with
specification
The companies that excel in project delivery capability do all of the following practices in project management, except
spend enough money for the project
The project ____ usually provides the direction and funding for the project.
sponsor
The project usually provides the direction and funding for the project
sponsor
The work breakdown structure can BEST be thought of as an effective aid for_______ communications.
stakeholder
The ______________________________ analysis includes information such as the contact person for the information, when the information is due, and the preferred format for the information.
stakeholder communications
The serves as a good starting point for information distribution
stakeholder communications analysis
A(n) ___________________ includes basic information such as stakeholder names, level of interest in the project, level of influence on the project, and potential management strategies for gaining support or reducing obstacles from that particular stakeholder.
stakeholder management strategy
A_______ is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project
stakeholder management strategy
Having ____ review and approve all stakeholder communications analysis will ensure that the information is correct and useful.
stakeholders
Having review and approve all stakeholder communications analysis will ensure that the information is correct and useful
stakeholders
In a(n) ____________________ relationship, the “from� activity must start before the “to� activity can be finished.
start-to-finish
In a relationship, the “from� activity cannot start until the “to� activity is started.
start-to-start
A(n) is a document that describes the products or services to be created by the project team
statement of work
A_____ report describes where the project stands at a specific point time.
status
An important technique for performance reporting is the ____________________ review meeting.
status
In the Tuckman model, occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate
storming
Many information systems are classified as “____________________� because they directly support key business strategies.
strategic
Many people are familiar with SWOT analysisâ€"analyzing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threatsâ€"which is used to aid in
strategic planning
Project portfolio management address ____ goals of an organization, while project management addresses ____ goals.
strategic, tactical
In a matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.
strong
The ____________________ is usually depicted in an organizational chart.
structural frame
The focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management.
structural frame
The line for any e-mail messages you write should clearly state the intention of the e-mail
subject
At the planning stage of the project, the project manager defined that the cost and quality goals are the most important, but the project met quality goals and made customer happy when it has completed. This project is ___
success
The project scope statement should reference ____________________, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.
supporting documents
Research shows that is the number one reason cited for why organizations invest in information technology projects
supporting explicit business objectives
Which of the four frames of organizations addresses how meeting are run, employee dress codes, and expected work hours?
symbolic
The ____________________ focuses on symbols and meanings.
symbolic frame
When project managers use a(n) ____________________, they are better able to make decisions that address the needs of the entire organization.
systems approach
What the term used to describe a framework of the phases involved in developing information systems?
systems development life cycle
A(n) ____________________ is an overall model for thinking about things as systems.
systems philosophy
PMI uses the term “___________________� to describe each level of work in the WBS.
task
The section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information
technical processes
Which of the following is not one of the top ten skills or competencies of an effective project manager?
technical skills
Project management tools and ____________________ assist project managers and their teams in carrying out work in all nine knowledge areas.
techniques
A(n) ____________________ is a contract clause that allows the buyer or supplier to end the contract.
termination clause
Quality is:
the degree to which the project meets requirements.
In the mathematical formula for determining the NPV, the variable n is
the last year of the cash flow
During the Cold War years of the 1950s and ’60s, continued to be key in refining several project
the military
Management by objectives works only if:
the project includes the objectives in the project charter.
Is a framework for describing the phases involved in developing and maintaining information systems
the systems development life cycle
In an interview with two chief information officers (CIOs), both men agreed that the most important project management skills seem to depend on _.
the uniqueness of the project and the people
In an interview with two chief information officers (CIOs), both men agreed that the most important project management skills seem to depend on ____.
the uniqueness of the project and the people involved
Project quality management involves ____ main processes.
three
Project quality management involves main processes
three
Buyers typically develop a short list of the top ____ suppliers to reduce the work involved in selecting a source.
three to five
Duration estimates are often provided as a discrete number, such as four weeks, or as a range, such as three to five weeks, or as a(n) ____________________.
three-point estimate
Gantt charts, project network diagrams, critical path analysis, crashing, fast tracking, and schedule performance measurements are examples of tools and techniques for ____________________.
time management
The idea of striving to balance risks and opportunities suggests that different organizations and people have different ____________________ for risk.
tolerances - tolerance
The ____ approach involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail.
top-down
The approach involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail
top-down
The approach is best suited to project managers who have vast technical insight and a big-picture perspective
top-down
Which of the following IT project portfolio categories will an organization have the highest risk when implementing?
transform the business projects
The limitations of scope, time, and cost goals are sometimes referred to as the
triple constraint
When you use face-to-face communication, … actual words.
true
Given that all projects involve _____________________ that can have negative or positive outcomes, the question is how to decide which projects to pursue and how to identify and manage project risk throughout a project’s life cycle.
uncertainties - uncertainty
A(n) is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.
unit test
A(n) ____________________ project scope statement is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.
up-to-date - up to date -
Analogous estimating:
uses actual detailed historical costs
Standard deviation and ____________________ are fundamental concepts for understanding quality control charts.
variability
Scope________ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables.
verification
The main outputs of ____ are accepted deliverables and change requests.
verifying scope
The main outputs of are accepted deliverables and change requests
verifying scope
In the ___, leadership, people skills, having vision and goals, self confidence, expectations management, and listening skills were most important
very novel projects
Many information technology professionals work on ____________________ projects where they never meet their project sponsors, other team members, or other project stakeholders.
virtual
A(n) ____________________ is a list of risks that are low priority, but are still identified as potential risks.
watch list
The model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined
waterfall life cycle
A(n) ____________________ is a tool that provides a systematic process for selecting projects based on many criteria.
weighted scoring model
In a projectized organization the project team:
will not always have a “home�
The ____________________ approach is the least desirable conflict-handling mode.
withdrawal
When using the , project managers retreat or withdraw from an actual or potential disagreement
withdrawal mode
A(n) is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project
work breakdown structure
A(n) ____________________ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.
work package
The work breakdown structure comprises several levels of decomposition of the total project. The lowest level of definition is always the __________.
work package
Project teams sometimes use ____________________â€"unplanned responses to risk eventsâ€"when they do not have contingency plans in place.
workarounds
A manufacturing project has a schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.89 and a cost performance index (CPI) of 0.91. Generally, what is the BEST explanation for why this occurred?
A critical path activity took longer and needed more labor hours to complete
A project has faced major difficulties in the quality of its deliverables. Management now states that quality is the most important project constraint. If another problem with quality were to occur, what would be the BEST thing for the project manager to do?
Allow cost to increase by fixing the root cause of the problem
A network diagram that uses nodes to represent activities and arrows to show the activity dependencies and allows no loops is called:
B.AON
A mandatory prerequisite for team building is:
C. Commitment from top level management
A document which describes how project scope will be managed and how scope changes will be integrated into the project is: (choose the best answer)
C.A scope management plan
A new project manager is being mentored by a more experienced certified project management professional ("PMP"). The new project manager is having difficulty finding enough time to manage the project because the product and project scope are being progressively elaborated.
Communicating with the customer
A new product development project has four levels in the work breakdown structure and has been sequenced using the precedence diagramming method. The activity duration estimates have been received. What should be done NEXT?
Compress the schedule
A histogram ordered by frequency of occurrence that shows how many results were generated by each identified cause is:
D. Pareto Diagram
A maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work.
D. responsibility assignment matrix
A cost baseline is an output of which cost management process?
Determine Budget
A control chart helps the project manager:
Determine if a process is functioning within set limits
A commonsense approach to improving the coordination between project plan development and execution is to follow this simple rule: Those who will do the work should not plan the work
F
A WBS is often depicted as a task-oriented pie chart.
False
A commonsense approach to improving the coordination between project plan development and execution is to follow this simple rule: Those who will do the work should not plan the work.
False
A contract SOW should not specify the location of the work.
False
A definitive estimate should be the least accurate of the three types of estimates.
False
A milestone list is an output list associated with the Project Scope Management knowledge area.
False
A project charter typically does not authorize the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project.
False
A control chart shows seven data points in a row on one side of the mean. What should be done?
Find an assignable cause
A particular stakeholder has a reputation for making many changes on projects. What is the BEST approach a project manager can take at the beginning of the project to manage this situation?
Get the stakeholder involved in the project as early as possible
A particular stakeholder has a reputation for making changes on projects. What is the BEST approach a project manager can take at the beginning of the project to manage this situation?
Get the stakeholder involved in the project as early as possible.
A major element of good practice concerns ____________________, which addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management.
IT governance
A manager notices that a project manager is holding a meeting with some of the team and some stakeholders to discuss the quality of the project. The project schedule has been compressed, and the CPI is 1.1. They have worked hard on the project, the team has been rewarded according to the reward system the project manager put in place, and there is a strong sense of team. The manager suggests that the project manager does not have enough time to hold meetings about quality when the schedule is so compressed. Which of the following BEST describes why the manager is wrong?
Improved quality leads to increased productivity, increased cost effectiveness, and decreased cost risk
A new store development project requires the purchase of various equipment, machinery, and furniture. The department responsible for the development recently centralized its external purchasing process and standardized its new order system. In which document can these new procedures be found?
Organizational policies
A project is facing a major change to its project deliverables. If the project manager is involved in determining which quality standards are relevant to the change, the project manager must be involved in:
Plan Quality
A project has several teams. Team C has repeatedly missed deadlines in the past. This has caused team D to have to crash the critical path several times. As the team leader for team D, you should meet with the:
Project manager and the leader of team C
A project management plan should be realistic in order to be used to manage the project. Which of the following is the BEST method to achieve a realistic project management plan
Project manager creates the project management plan based on input from the team
A large project is underway when one of the team members reviews the project status report. He sees that the project is currently running late. As he looks at the report further, he notices that the delay will cause one of his activities to be scheduled during a time he will be out of the country and cannot work on the activity. This is of great concern because he is very committed to the project being successful and he does not want to be the cause of the project being further delayed. What is the BEST THING for him to do?
Recommend preventive action
A maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible…
Responsibility assignment matrix
A new project manager has asked you for advice on creating a work breakdown structure. After you explain the process to her, she asks you what software she should use to create the WBS and what she should do with it when she is finished creating it.
Team buy-in
A new project manager is about to begin creating the procurement statement of work. One stakeholder wants to add many items to the procurement statement of work. Another stakeholder only wants to describe the functional requirements. The project is important for the project manager's company, but a seller will do the work. How would you advise the project manager?
The procurement statement of work should be as detailed as necessary for the type of project
A cost performance index (CPI) of 0.89 means
The project is only getting 89 cents out of every dollar invested
A Cost Performance Index (CPI) of 0.89 means ___ At this time, we expect the total project to cost at 89 percent more than planned.
The project is only getting 89 cents out of every dollar invested.
A cost performance index (CPI) of 0.89 means:
The project is only getting 89 percent out of every dollar invested.
A project is in the middle of execution when a stakeholder suggests a major new change. This change will cause the third major overhaul of the project. At the same time, the project manager discovers that a major work package was not completed because a team member's boss moved him to another project that had a higher priority. Which of the following is the BEST person for the project manger to address these issues with?
The sponsor
A key factor in evaluating bids, particularly for projects involving information technology, is the past performance record of the bidder.
True
A key finding of a 2004 study is that relationship management is viewed as a top success factor for information systems in China, while it is not mentioned in U.S. studies.
True
A large percentage of total project costs are often labor costs.
True
A potential response to the risk event of a defective server might be the inclusion of a clause in a contract with the supplier to replace a defective server within a certain time period at a negotiated cost.
True
A probability/impact matrix or chart lists the relative probability of a risk occurring on one side of a matrix or axis on a chart and the relative impact of the risk occurring on the other.
True
A program is “a group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.�
True
A detailed project schedule can be created only after creating the
Work breakdown structure
A detailed project schedule can be created only after creating the ___
Work breakdown structure.
A manager and the head of engineering discuss a charge to a major work package. after the meeting, the manager contacts you and tells you to complete the papers work to make the change.
a project expediter position
A is a time-phased budget that project managers use to measure and monitor cost performance
cost
A positive NPV means the return from a project exceeds the ____________________, the return available by investing the capital elsewhere.
cost of capital
A key attribute of scope verification is _________
customer acceptance of project efforts
A _____ is a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, or hardware, produced or provided as part of a project.
deliverable
A is the hierarchy most people think of when picturing an organizational chart
functional organizational structure
A dependency requiring that design be completed before manufacturing can start is an example of a:
mandatory dependency
A common is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track
monitoring and controlling process
A is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed
normal distribution
A ___ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management
project chapter (sai:management plan)
A _________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project’s objectives and management
project charter
A can have many different job descriptions, which can vary tremendously based on the organization and the project
project manager
A project ____________________ is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives.
risk
A ____ person achieves a balance between risk and payoff.
risk-neutral
A is done very early in a project or even before a project is officially started
rough order of magnitude
A provides an estimate of what a project will cost
rough order of magnitude
A is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project
stakeholder management
A ____ is a document that includes details related to the identified project stakeholders.
stakeholder register
A is a document that includes details related to the identified project stakeholders
stakeholder register
