TCI Chapters 2-3
Crusades
A series of military missions to gain control of holy lands
Thomas Aquinas
An Italian philosopher who theorized the relation between reason and faith
What types of things did Christian holidays celebrate?
Things connected to saints, events in the life of Jesus, or important religious concepts
What the purpose of sacraments?
To gain salvation in the afterlife
Why did people undertake pilgrimages?
To show devotion, act of penance, health
Define "Loyalty"
When a person is willing to stand by someone or something; devotion
Peasants - Lords
Worked the land
Charlemagne
King of the Franks who united Western Europe
What were the roles of lords?
Manage land, appoint officials, etc.
Why did people take advantage of sea travel in medieval Europe?
Overland travel was dangerous and sea travel made it easy to go from one place to another
What were the three stages that a boy had to go through to become a knight?
Page, squire, knight
What was the hierachy in the Roman Catholic Church?
Pope, cardinal, archbishop, bishop, priest
Lords - Monarchs
Protection
Lords - Peasants
Rented land
Why were major medieval cities located along rivers?
Rivers enabled acess to fresh, clean water
Why was Henry IV excommunicated?
Because he tried to declare that Gregory was no longer pope
Why was there a need for order after Charlemagne's death?
Because his processors were weak and could not fend off attacks
Monarchs - Lords
Fiefs/land
What were the responsibilities of peasants in the feudal system?
Freed up lords' and knights' time
How did Charlemagne's relationship with the Catholic Church benefit both parties?
Helped Charlegmagne build an empire; Church had support from an army
How did the mendicants live?
In complete poverty among ordinary people
How did the Benedictines live?
Isolated and quietly in a remote monastery
What challenges did feudalism solve?
It provided protectection and a more comfortable life
What was Thomas Aquinas' theory of natural law?
It stated that there was an order built into nature that could guide people
How was the influence of the Roman Catholic Church seen in the art of medieval Europe?
The art represented various things in Christianity