TCP/IP Ch1 Vocab

well-know port number

A 16-bit number that identifies a pre-assigned value associated with some well-known port number fall in the range form 0 to 1024, but IANA also documents registered port number above that range that behave likewise.

port number

A 16-bit number that identifies either a well-known application service, or a dynamically assigned port number for a transitory sender-receiver exchange of data through TCP or UDP.

Telnet

A TCP/IP Application layer protocol and service that permits a client on one network host to inexact with another network host as if the machine were a terminal attached to the other machine.

simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

A TCP/IP Application layer protocol that handles transmission of e-mail messages form clients to servers and message routing from a source server to a destination sever.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

A TCP/IP Application layer protocol that provides basic network device registration and management capabilities.

Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)

A TCP/IP Application layer protocol that supports client downloads of incoming e-mail addresses form an e-mail server to e-mail client software. When using it, clients normally manage e-mail messages on their desktop machines.

Packet Internetwork Groper (PING)

A TCP/IP Internet layer protocol that's used to determine reachability of a remote host and to measure round-trip travel time when sending data form a sender to a receiver .

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A connectionless, best-effort transport protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite. it operates as an alternative to TCP.

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)

A layer 2 or TCP/IP Network Acces protocol that translates numeric IP addresses into MAC layer addresses. this Protocol was superseded by DHCP

Internet control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A layer 3 (internetwork layer) TCP/IP protocol used to exchange information about network traffic conditions, congestion. and reachability of specific network addresses.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A network connection between a specific sender and receiver, in which the information sent is often encrypted. it uses public networks-such as the Internet-to deliver secure, private information form a sender to a receiver.

packet-switched network

A network in which data packets may take any usable path between sender and receiver, where sender and receiver are identified by unique network addresses, and there's no requirement that all packets follow the same path in transit (though they often do).

Transmission control protocol (TCP)

A robust, reliable, connection-oriented protocol that operates at the transport layer in both the TCP/IP and ISO.OSI reference models, and that gives TCP/IP part of its name.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

A simple, vector-based TCP/IP networking protocol used to determine a single pathway between a sender a a receiver on a local internetwork.

Open shortest Path First (OSPF)

A sophisticated Layer 3 or TCP/IP Internet layer routing protocol that uses link-state information to construct routing topologies for local internetworks and provides load-balancing capabilities.

Media Access Control (MAC) address

A special type of network address, handled by uniquely identify each such interface on any network cable segment ( or virtual facsimile). ICANN controls assignment of vendor IDs and interface numbers to make sure all such addresses are guaranteed to be unique.

Connectionless

A type of networking protocol that makes no attempt to cause network senders and receivers to exchange information about their availability or ability to community with one another; also known as "best - effort delivery."

Connection-oriented

A type of networking protocol that relies on explicit communications and negotiations between sender and reciter to manage delivery of data between the two parties.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

A widely used routing protocol that connects to common internet backbones (for example, Internet Service Providers), or other routing domains within the internet where multiple parties jointly share responsibility for managing traffic.

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

ATCP/IP-based messaging protocol that allows users to maintain customized message stores on an e-mail server, yet access and manage their e-mail messages on any workstation.

Request for Comments (RFCs)

IETF standards documents that specify or describe yes practices, provide information about the internet, or specify an internet protocol or service.

Physical layer

Is A ISO/OSI network reference model, It is where connections, communication, and interfaces-hardware and signaling requirements-are handled.

Network layer

Is A ISO/OSI network reference model; it handles the logical addresses associated with individual machines on a network by correlating human-readable names for such machines with unique, machine-readable numeric addresses. It also uses addressing information to determine how to send a PDU from a sender to a receiver when the source and destination so not reside on the same physical network segment.

Presentation Layer

Is A ISO/OSI reference model, it is where generic network data formats or translates into platform-specific data formats for incoming data and vice versa for outgoing data. This is also the layer where optional encryption or compression service may be applied (or reversed).

Data Link layer

Is ISO/OSI network reference model, it is responsible for enabling reliable transmission of data through the Physical layer at the sending end and for checking such reliability upon reception at the receiving end.

Promiscuous Modd operation

Network interface car and driver operation used to capture broadcast packets, multicast packets, packets sent to other devices, as well as error packets.

undersized packets

Packets that are below minimum packet size requirements and point to potential hardware or driver problems. also know as runts

Oversized Packets

Packets that exceeds the MTU for the network and usually point to a problem with a NIC or its driver software.

Frame

The basic PDC at the Data Link layer of the ISO/OSI reference model.

datagram

The basic protocol data unit at the TCP/IP Network Access layer. Used by connectionless protocols at the Transport layer, it simply adds a header to the PDU, supplied from whatever application layer or service uses a connectionless protocol such as UDP, hence.

encapsulation

The enclosure of data from an upper-layer protocol between a header and an (optional) trailer for the current layer to identify sender and receiver and, possibly, to include data integrity check information.

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

The formal name for the contention management approach that Ethernet uses, it's basically means "listen before attempting to send" ( to make sure no later message tramples on an earlier one), and "listen while sending" (to make sure that messages sent at roughly the sometime don't collide with one another).

domain

The name of a first-level entry in the domain name hierarchy, such as ibm.com,lanw.ocm, or pod books.com.

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

The organization within the internet Society that's responsible for all currently used internet Standards. protocol, and service;and for managing the development and maintenance of Internet Request for Comments (RFCs)

reassembly

The process applied at the Transport layer where messages segmented into multiple chunks for transmission across the network are put back together in the proper order for delivery to an application on the receiving end. the IP fragment Offset field is used to denitrify the order of the fragments for reassembly.

Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX)

The protocol suite associated with earlier implementations of Novell's Net Ware network operating system.

Application Layer

The uppermost layer of the ISO/OSI network reference model (and the TCP/IP model) where the interface between the protocol suite and actual applications resides.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

This Network layer protocol translates numeric IP addresses into the equivalent MAC layer addresses necessary to transfer framers from one machine to another on the same cable segment or subnet.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

it's based in Geneva. Switzerland. that sets standards for information technology and networking equipment. protocols, and communications technologies.