TEAS 7 SCIENCE

The epiphyseal plate, which is responsible for the growth in the length of a bone, is made of which of the following? Osteocytes Cartilage Osteoclasts Osteons

Cartilage

Which of following glands in the skin is not correctly paired with its secretion? Ceruminous glands/ sebum Sebaceous glands / oil Apocrine sweat glands/ odoriferous perspiration Eccrine glands / perspiration necessary for evaporative cooling

Ceruminous glands/ sebum

Which of the following structures is not correctly matched with its function? Penis/ external sexual organ of male Vas deferens/ sperm duct to penis Cervix/ implantation site of a zygote Vagina/ copulatory organ of female

Cervix/ implantation site of a zygote

Which of the following is an example of a redox reaction? Acid-base neutralization Synthesis Single replacement reaction Combustion

Combustion

Which of these nitrogenous bases are found in DNA? Uracil, adenosine, thiamine, cytosine Thymine, cytosine, adenine, uracil Adenosine, genotropin, thymine, crystalline Cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine

Cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine

When someone is immobile, they may experience loss of bone density due to _________. Muscle atrophy Ossification Tetany Demineralization

Demineralization

is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar membrane.

Diffusion Diffusion is the passive movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration.

Which of the following is not a function of pancreatic juice? Neutralize the pH of chyme Chemically digest proteins Chemically digest carbohydrates Increase acidity of stomach contents

Increase acidity of stomach contents

What is the role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system? Transport organelles and macromolecules Insulate axons Produce neurotransmitters Store ions for action potential propagation

Insulate axons

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare disorder characterized by partial or complete absence of sweat glands. Which of the following would occur if sweat glands are absent or its function is inhibited? Excessive production of protective oils Reduction in synthesis of melanin Excessive production of secretion that has odor and with possible pheromone function Loss of ability to regulate body temperature

Loss of ability to regulate body temperature

If villi in the small intestine were to become damaged, which of the following would likely occur? Segmentation of the stomach would be negatively affected leading to reduced digestion. A reduced ability to breakdown fat due to the inability of villi to secrete bile. Malnutrition would result due to a decreased ability to absorb nutrients. Gastric reflux disease would result due to the increased production of stomach acid.

Malnutrition would result due to a decreased ability to absorb nutrients.

The yellow marrow-containing space found within adult bone diaphysis is called the: Osteon Lamellae Medullary cavity Volkmann canal

Medullary cavity

Which of the following is the process by which gametes divide and produce half the number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell? Gametes Meiosis Fertilization Zygote

Meiosis

Which of the following cells of the skin is responsible for skin color? Keratinocytes Melanocytes Langerhans cells Merkel cells

Melanocytes

n adaptive immunity, which of the following is responsible for a very rapid response upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen? B-cells Macrophage cells Memory cells Cytotoxic cells

Memory cells

Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA?

Nucleus

Which structure contains most of the genetic material in the cell? Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Lysosomes

Nucleus

Which structure contains most of the genetic material in the cell? Ribosomes Cell membrane Nucleus Lysosomes

Nucleus

Which of the following describes the contraction of the smooth muscle in order to move food down the esophagus to the stomach? Peristalsis Mastication Pharyngeal constriction Deglutition

Peristalsis

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is essential in regulating blood pressure. Which of the following hormones involved in RAAS is produced by the kidney? Angiotensin II Aldosterone Renin Angiotensin I

Renin

A chronic inflammation of joints due to autoimmune destruction of articular cartilage is called __________. Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis Osteoporosis Brittle Bone Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that equally divides the body into left and right? Transverse Sagittal Horizontal Coronal

Sagittal

Which of the following is a substance that the kidneys remove from the blood during filtration? Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Salts Red Blood Cells

Salts

Which of the following is a flat bone? Wrist bone Ankle bone Scapulae Vertebrae

Scapulae

In which of the following structures are the testes located? Mesentery Epididymis Scrotum Prostate

Scrotum

Which of the following is true of the function sebaceous glands? Sebaceous glands produce secretion that when released, has an odor with a possible pheromone function in humans Sebaceous glands produce substance that is responsible for the color of the skin Sebaceous glands are found in the hypodermis and secrete substance that protects the ears from foreign bodies Sebaceous glands supply the hair shafts and skin with oily secretions

Sebaceous glands supply the hair shafts and skin with oily secretions

Which of the following functions in producing sperm? Vas deferens Urethra Seminiferous tubules Fallopian tube

Seminiferous tubules

Which of the following substances is produced by the lung for the purpose of reducing surface tension? Oxidase Carbon dioxide Surfactant Sodium bicarbonate

Surfactant The primary purpose of surfactant is to prevent lung collapse. The secondary purpose is to reduce surface tension. Additionally, the compliance of the lung is increased, meaning it can inflate more easily

Which layers of the skin are affected by a third-degree burn? The epidermis and all of the dermis The epidermis, dermis, and some muscle and bone Only the epidermis The epidermis and part of the dermis

The epidermis and all of the dermis

Which of the following is a unique property of water? When freezing, water molecules can form hydrogen bonds more easily Its exceptional low heat of vapourization Its volume decreases when freezing Its low surface tension

When freezing, water molecules can form hydrogen bonds more easily

Zn + 2AgNO3 → 2Ag + _________ Zinc nitrite Zinc nitrate Zinc oxide Silver nitrate

Zinc nitrate

During contraction, thin ________________ filaments slide past the thick ______________ filaments which result to shortening of sarcomere and contraction of the muscle. myosin/ troponin actin/ tropomyosin troponin/ tropomyosin actin/ myosin

actin/ myosin

The ______________ is an extension off of the large intestine that is often referred to as a vestigial organ. spleen gall bladder cecum appendix

appendix

The molecular formula for baking soda is NaHCO3 This molecule is made up of 6 ____ and 4 __________? elements; atoms electrons; atoms atoms; electrons atoms; elements

atoms; elements

When an atom gains an electron it ___________. becomes positive becomes negative loses its ability to ever have a charge becomes neutral

becomes negative

The primary function of _____________ is _____________________. Amylase; fat breakdown in the stomach Chyme; carbohydrate breakdown in the mouth Saliva; protein breakdown in the mouth bile; fat emulsification in the small intestine

bile; fat emulsification in the small intestine

Which of the following statements is true about protons? The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element. They have more mass than a neutron. They have a negative charge. Some atoms have no protons.

The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element.

Which of the following statements is true about protons? They have more mass than a neutron. They have a negative charge. The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element. Some atoms have no protons.

The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element.

Which of the following statements is true? All valence shells can hold up to three electrons Shells can contain different electron numbers based on the element The electron shells are labeled: A, B, C, D, E, F The valence shell is the outermost occupied electron shell

The valence shell is the outermost occupied electron shell

Which of the following statements is true about electrons? They can't radiate or absorb energy They have a negative charge They don't participate in electromagnetic interactions They have more mass than a proton

They have a negative charge

Why are control groups used in experiments? To help scientists quickly perform experiments To minimize the effect of variables To ensure the accuracy of measurements To increase the amount of data collected

To minimize the effect of variables

The primary function of the ________________ is to deliver blood to the brain.

carotid artery

Which of the following is not part of the small intestine? Duodenum Jejunum Colon Ileum

colon

The function of the pyloric sphincter is to ______________. produce chyme prevent reflux of digestive juices into the esophagus release stomach enzymes control the entry of food into the duodenum

control the entry of food into the duodenum

Which of the following is the middle, vascular layer of the skin? Dermis Hypodermis Epidermis Subcutaneous layer

dermis

Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system? facilitate thermoregulation by constantly allowing water to leave through the epidermis function in immunity as part of the adaptive immune system facilitate absorption of lipid-soluble materials including fat-soluble vitamins provide a large surface area for excretion of metabolic wastes

function in immunity as part of the adaptive immune system

Which of the following is a heterotrophic organism with a genome stored in DNA? Plants Algae Human Virus

human Humans are heterotrophic organisms, which means that they cannot make their own food. Instead, they rely on other sources of nutrition, such as plants and animals. Humans have their genome stored in DNA

The site where two or more bones meet is called a __________________. ligament joint cartilage tendon

joint

In the digestive system, bile is manufactured by the ______________ and stored in the ______________. liver; gallbladder stomach; gallbladder gallbladder; liver gallbladder; stomach

liver; gallbladder

in a redox reaction, oxidation is the _______ of electrons and reduction is the _______ of electrons. gain, gain loss, gain loss, loss gain, loss

loss, gain

Gastric reflux occurs as a result of an improper closing of the ________________. pyloric sphincter Upper esophageal sphincter epiglottis lower esophageal sphincter

lower esophageal sphincter

Of the following organs, which has both endocrine and digestive functions? Colon Pancreas Gallbladder Duodenum

pancreas

The term _________________ refers to the contraction of smooth muscle in the digestive system that moves food along the GI tract. peristalsis retroperistalsis segmentation vasoconstriction

peristalsis

The term _________________ refers to the contraction of smooth muscle in the digestive system that moves food along the GI tract. vasoconstriction segmentation peristalsis retroperistalsis

peristalsis Peristalsis is the contraction of smooth muscle that lines the esophageal walls

Which of the following correctly pairs structure and function? stomach / chemical digestion mouth / nutrient absorption duodenum / reabsorption of water colon / absorption of glucose

stomach / chemical digestion

In the digestive system, the function of the ____________ is to ______________. liver; secrete insulin for glucose uptake. gall bladder; secrete lipase for fat emulsification pancreas; secrete bile for starch digestion stomach; secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion

stomach; secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion

DNA is composed of ____________. two long polynucleotide chains twisted in a double helix one coiled polynucleotide chain two long parallel polynucleotide chains two short parallel polynucleotide chains

two long polynucleotide chains twisted in a double helix

Isotopes are __________. types of valence shells versions of one element with a different number of neutrons versions of one element with a different number of protons special orbitals in metal elements

versions of one element with a different number of neutrons

Which of the following is a component of the axial skeleton that does not form a joint with other bones of the human body? Sinus Sternum Mandible Hyoid bone

Hyoid bone

Physiologically, bone resorption and deposition are in equilibrium. Which of the following is the result of inhibition of bone resorption and prevention of calcium removal from the bone? Kyphosis Muscle atrophy Hypocalcemia Achondroplastic dwarfism

Hypocalcemia

In which layer of the skin are the subcutaneous fat stores found? Epidermis Sebaceous Hypodermis Dermis

Hypodermis

Which of the following statements about protons is true? The number of protons is known as the "ionic number" They can travel around the nucleus of an atom The chemical properties of atoms are defined only by protons In chemistry, the term proton refers to the hydrogen ion, H+

In chemistry, the term proton refers to the hydrogen ion, H+

The head is _________ to the neck. Proximal Superficial Inferior Superior

Superior

How many moles of O2 will be produced when the reaction below is properly balanced? H2O2 → H2O + O2 3 moles 2 moles 1 mole 4 moles

1 mole

How many chromosomes does a human cell have? 46 44 22 23

46

An atom has 5 protons, 2 neutrons, and 5 electrons. Which of the following is the atom's mass number? 10 7 5 12

7 To calculate the atomic mass of a single atom of an element, add up the mass of protons and neutrons. In this case, you should add 5 and 2, which equals to 7. Electrons are so small, they are not factored into the atomic mass.

Which of the following is happening during a contraction of the diaphragm? An increase in alveolar pressure A decrease in alveolar pressure Forced expiration A decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity

A decrease in alveolar pressure During inhalation, alveolar pressure is decreased because the expansion of the lungs increases the surface area or number of alveoli available for gas exchange, thus reducing the pressure at the alveoli.

Which of the following statements is true? DNA is a tiny segment of a gene. Genes and DNA are sequences of chromosomes. A gene is made up of sequences of DNA. DNA makes up one gene.

A gene is made up of sequences of DNA

Which of these statements is true about pH? A pH of 6 is more acidic than a pH of 8 Adding an acid to a solution will increase the pH Higher pH values indicate a higher [H+] Blood has an acidic pH

A pH of 6 is more acidic than a pH of 8

Which of the following are produced from the reaction between a Brønsted-Lowry acid-base pair? A salt and water A strong acid and weak base Water and a strong base A weak acid and base

A salt and water

Which of the following statements is true about protein digestion? Chemical digestion of protein initially occurs in the mouth. The majority of mechanical protein digestion occurs in the stomach. The majority of protein absorption occurs in the large intestine. Absorption of protein occurs primarily in the small intestine.

Absorption of protein occurs primarily in the small intestine.

Which of the following statements is true about the periodic table? All elements in a period have the same number of electron shells Periods are the vertical rows in the periodic tables Group columns in the periodic table are based on neutron configurations Period 2 elements involve the 5s and 5p orbitals

All elements in a period have the same number of electron shells

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down a polysaccharide to a disaccharide? Trypsin Cobalamin Amylase Catalase

Amylase

Which of the following statements is true? Valence electrons reside in the innermost shell of an atom. An orbital is a space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found. An orbital is a space around the nucleus of an atom where a proton is likely to be found. The number of orbitals that an atom has is the same for all elements.

An orbital is a space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found.

_ is a condition in which red blood cells are poorly functioning and have reduced ability to carry oxygen. Hypertension Leukemia Anemia Hypokalemia

Anemia

Which of the following glands is correctly paired with its secretion? Apocrine sweat glands/ secretion that, when released, has an odor with a possible pheromone function in humans Ceruminous glands/ oil that moisturizes hair and skin Eccrine glands/ sticky barrier that prevents foreign bodies and insects from entering the ears Sebaceous glands/ production of sweat necessary for evaporative cooling

Apocrine sweat glands/ secretion that, when released, has an odor with a possible pheromone function in humans

Which of the following accessory structures is not correctly paired with its function? Ceruminous glands / earwax production Hair follicle / hair production Arrector pili / odor production Apocrine glands / sweat production

Arrector pili / odor production

The adrenal glands, which are primarily responsible for producing the hormones cortisol and aldosterone, are located where? On top of each kidney Anterior to the larynx Sphenoid bone of the skull At the back of the thyroid

At the back of the thyroid

Which of the following is not typically a result of an embolus? Pulmonary embolism Atherosclerosis TIA Myocardial infarction

Atherosclerosis An embolus is a blood clot that often forms in the lower extremities and travels to another location.T

Which of the following bones is responsible for side-to-side movement of the head? Coccyx Axis Atlas Sacrum

Axis

The same single-replacement reaction is run in two different beakers. The beakers are labeled as Beaker A and B and are heated to 75oC and 100oC, respectively. If the reactions are run for 15 minutes each, which of the following results would you expect to observe? Beaker A produces more product than Beaker B Beaker B produces more product than Beaker A The two beakers produce the same amount of product No products are produced in either beaker

Beaker B produces more product than Beaker A As the temperature of a reaction increases, the reaction rate increases as well.

Fragile bones due to production of deficient or defective collagen as a result of a genetic defect is a characteristic of which of the following conditions? Tetany Osteoporosis Kyphosis Brittle Bone Disease

Brittle Bone Disease

Balance the following chemical equation: C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 2 H2O 2 C3H8 + O2 → 6 CO2 + H2O 2 C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O

Balance the following chemical equation: CH4 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl CH4 + 4 Cl2 → CCl4 + 4 HCl 2 CH4 + Cl2 → 2 CCl4 + HCl CH4 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl 2 CH4 + 2 Cl2 → 2 CCl4 + 2 HCl

CH4 + 4 Cl2 → CCl4 + 4 HCl To balance equations, it is helpful to write down the number of atoms of each element present in both the reactants and products. Change the coefficients of the reactants and products until the same number of atoms of each element is present on both sides of the reaction arrow. CH4 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl C: 1 C: 1 H: 4 H: 1 Cl: 2 Cl: 5 CH4 + Cl2 → CCl4 + 4 HClC: 1 C: 1H: 4 H: 4Cl: 2 Cl: 8 CH4 + 4 Cl2 → CCl4 + 4 HClC: 1 C: 1H: 4 H: 4Cl: 8 Cl: 8

Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the body? Nerve tissue Muscle tissue Connective tissue Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue Connective tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the the body.

Which of the following is not true about thermoregulation? Sweating facilitates cutaneous vasodilation. Contraction of arrector pili muscles facilitates vasodilation. Cutaneous vasodilation cools the body by allowing heat to be released through skin. Cutaneous vasoconstriction warms the body by restricting blood flow in the skin.

Contraction of arrector pili muscles facilitates vasodilation.

Which of the following is responsible for producing progesterone in preparation for pregnancy? Uterus Pituitary gland Corpus luteum Cervix

Corpus luteum The corpus luteum is the temporary endocrine organ formed after ovulation, which secretes progesterone in preparation for a possible pregnancy.

Which of the following is an example of empirical data? Remembering you have an appointment at 5 pm Counting the number of eggs in the refrigerator Hearing that it is 52 degrees outside Drinking 2 liters of water

Counting the number of eggs in the refrigerator

Which of the following statements is true about covalent bonds? Sigma bonds are the weakest covalent bonds Covalent bonds form from the sharing of electrons between atoms Covalent bonds aren't affected by the electronegativity of the atoms The covalent bond between H-Cl is nonpolar

Covalent bonds form from the sharing of electrons between atoms

Which of the following glands are not found in both males and females? Adrenal glands Parathyroid glands Pituitary gland Cowper's gland

Cowper's gland The Cowper's glands are found on the lateral side of the male urethra, which secrete mucus that lubricates the urethra.

Which of the following processes reduces heat loss and warms the body via integumental thermoregulation? Cutaneous vasoconstriction Tensing of the arrector pili muscles Cutaneous vasodilation Sweating

Cutaneous vasoconstriction

Which type of chemical reaction is demonstrated by the reaction below? Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 NaNO3 Double replacement Single replacement reaction Decomposition Acid-base reaction

Double replacement In a double replacement reaction, two metal ions (Ba²+ and Na+) switch places with each other in two ionic compounds.

Which of the following statements is not true about accessory structures in the skin? Ceruminous glands produce waxy lubricant secretion that protects the ears. Eccrine sweat glands are only concentrated in particular parts of the body, such as the armpits and genital region. Sebaceous glands secrete oily substance that prevents drying out of hair and skin. Hair is produced from epithelial tissue that dips down into the dermis to form hair follicles.

Eccrine sweat glands are only concentrated in particular parts of the body, such as the armpits and genital region.

Which of the following anatomical structures prevents food from entering the respiratory system? Pleura Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx

Epiglottis The epiglottis is a cartilage flap located at the top of the larynx that is responsible for closing during swallowing. This flap covers the opening to the trachea so that food does not enter the lower respiratory airways.

Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities?

Epithelial tissue Epithelial tissue functions as the lining and covering of body surfaces and cavities.

The folds that make up the shape of the villi and microvilli: Create a barrier to block absorption of fats. Increase enzyme secretions due to greater surface area. Facilitate absorption due to an increased surface area. Help push food along the intestinal tract.

Facilitate absorption due to an increased surface area.

Each protein is coded for by a ___________. Gene Chromatid Ribosome Chromosome

Gene

Which of these units code for a protein? Nucleotide Nitrogenous base Chromosome Gene

Gene

Which of these statements best reflects the role of genes? Genes code for enzymes only. Genes codes for functional molecules like RNA only. Genes code for non-enzymatic proteins only. Genes code for enzymatic proteins, non-enzymatic proteins, and RNA.

Genes code for enzymatic proteins, non-enzymatic proteins, and RNA

Which of the following structures allows motion around a single axis and only permits flexion and extension? Hinge joint Short bone Suture joint Ball-and-socket joint

Hinge joint

Which of the following is a function of the epidermis? Please select all that apply. It functions as a major component of the innate immunity It protects underlying tissue from chemicals. It functions as a major component of the adaptive immune system It contains many blood vessels that can constrict or dilate for thermoregulation It protects underlying tissues from abrasions. It stores fat

It functions as a major component of the innate immunity It protects underlying tissue from chemicals. It protects underlying tissues from abrasions.

Which of the following statements about ionic bonding is true? It involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds usually form in endothermic reactions. Ions are atoms that have gained one or more protons. It involves the electrostatic attraction between similarly charged ions.

It involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Which of the following describes cellular respiration?

It is an oxidative catabolic activity

Which of the following proteins makes up the hair and nails? Elastin Vinculin Collagen Keratin

Keratin

Which of the following is not true about reproductive hormones? LH (luteinizing hormone) stimulates ovulation and production of testosterone. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) stimulates maturation of sperm and ovum. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. LH (luteinizing hormone) is produced by the posterior pituitary gland.

LH (luteinizing hormone) is produced by the posterior pituitary gland.

Which of the following digestive organs contains vitamin-producing bacteria? Liver Small intestine Stomach Large intestine

Large intestine

Which of the following is the correct order of structures from simple to most complex? Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain Neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues, brain Mitochondria, nerve tissues, neurons, brain Brain, neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues

Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain Neurons are the basic cells that make up the nervous system. Since the mitochondria is an organelle that you would find inside a neuron, it is going to be the simplest structure in the list. Multiple neurons are needed to form nervous tissue, which in turn makes up the brain.

Br2 is classified as which of the following? Molecule Compound Atom Ion

Molecule

Which of the following compounds contains ionic bonds? O2 NaBr CH4 C6H6

NaBr

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange

Organ System A group of organs that work together to perform several related functions is an organ system.

______ is an inflammatory conditions of the joints brought on by the gradual wear-and-tear of cartilage that lines the articular ends of bones. Osteoporosis Osteoarthritis Brittle Bone Disease Rheumatoid arthritis

Osteoarthritis

Which of the following causes bone matrix synthesis and calcification? Osteoporosis Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Hydroxyapatite

Osteoblasts

Which of the following causes bone matrix resorption during bone growth and remodeling? Osteons Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts

Osteoclasts

Which of the following structures is the female gonads Uterus Cervix Ovaries Vagina

Ovaries The ovaries are the female gonads that produce the sex cells (ova or eggs) as well as the hormone estrogen.

Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing calcium levels in the blood by stimulating bone resorption? Luteinizing hormone Thyroid hormone Parathyroid hormone Insulin

Parathyroid hormone

Sesamoid bones develop from tendons. Which of the following are sesamoid bones? Patellae Scapulae Metatarsals Phalanges

Patellae

______ is the tough connective tissue that covers the bone surface. Suture Periosteum Synovium Cartilage

Periosteum

______ is the mechanism of glandular secretion in which stimulation results in continuous production of a hormone above the normal level. Thermoregulation Homeostasis Negative feedback Positive feedback

Positive feedback

Cations can be defined as: Negatively charged ions Positively charged ions Type of orbitals Types of isotopes

Positively charged ions

Which of the following is true about thermoregulation? Reduction of blood flow through the skin promotes heat loss Increase in blood flow in the skin reduces heat loss from the body The production of eccrine sweat glands decreases in high temperatures Production of sweat by the eccrine glands facilitates cooling of the body

Production of sweat by the eccrine glands facilitates cooling of the body

Which of the following structures is correctly paired with its description? Vas deferens/ transports urine in both male and female and semen in male Urethra/ temporarily store the sperm Seminal vesicle/ transports sperm from epididymis to urethra Prostate gland/ secretion of fluid that contributes to sperm motility and viability

Prostate gland/ secretion of fluid that contributes to sperm motility and viability

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone? Spongy bone is lighter than compact bone Spongy bone has more osteons than compact bone Compact bone is located more interior than spongy bone Compact bone has trabeculae that support the bone marrow

Spongy bone is lighter than compact bone

Which of the following statements correctly describes what genes code for: 1 - More DNA 2 - Lipids and carbohydrates 3 - Proteins and RNA 4 - Proteins and lipids

Statement 3

Which layer of epidermis is absent in all parts of the body except in the palms and soles? Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important indicator of water quality, and oxygen levels that are too high or too low can harm aquatic ecosystems. A biologist noticed that fish were dying in a local lake and was concerned that the DO levels were too low to support aquatic life due to extremely high temperatures that summer. To measure the DO levels, she brought back several lake water samples to her laboratory to measure the DO concentration as a function of temperature. To do this, she heated several samples of lake water to various temperatures and then measured the DO concentration in each sample. Some samples were kept at the outdoors temperature. Which of the following is the independent variable? Temperature Volume of water Dissolved oxygen concentration Location of the lake

Temperature

Which of the following structures connects a bone and a muscle together and serves to move the bone? Tendons Ligaments Marrow Cartilage

Tendons

Protein folding is determined by ________________. Number of mitochondria in the cell The amino acid sequence tRNAs Cell age

The amino acid sequence

The number of protons is the same as? The atomic number Number of isotopes for the element The nuclear force The angular momentum

The atomic number

Which of the following does not describe the epidermis? The layer of the skin that produces cells containing keratin The most external layer of the skin The deepest layer of the skin An avascular layer of the skin

The deepest layer of the skin

The biggest packaging unit of DNA is: The genome The chromosomes The nucleotides The genes

The genome

Which of the following statements regarding digestion is false? Villi and microvilli increase surface area for absorption. The presence of fiber in the esophagus promotes peristalsis. The pancreas secretes the hormone insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. The hormone glucagon is secreted from the pancreas and stimulates mechanical digestion.

The hormone glucagon is secreted from the pancreas and stimulates mechanical digestion Glucagon is a hormone that is released from the pancreas and helps regulate blood sugar by breaking down stored carbohydrate and releasing glucose into the bloodstream when blood glucose levels are low. Glucagon does not stimulate mechanical digestion.

Which of the following statements regarding digestion is false? The presence of fiber in the esophagus promotes peristalsis. The hormone glucagon is secreted from the pancreas and stimulates mechanical digestion. Villi and microvilli increase surface area for absorption. The pancreas secretes the hormone insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

The hormone glucagon is secreted from the pancreas and stimulates mechanical digestion.

Which of the following does not describe the dermis? A vascular layer of the skin The thickest layer of the skin The layer of the skin that contains the network of capillaries necessary for thermoregulation The layer of the skin where cells containing the pigment melanin are found

The layer of the skin where cells containing the pigment melanin are found

The inhibition of activity or function of osteoblasts at the epiphyseal plate will result in which of the following? Formation of osteons will be unregulated Osteoblasts will become inactive The mineralization of bone matrix will be halted Excessive polymerization of collagen fibers

The mineralization of bone matrix will be halted

Which of the following organs functions as both the implantation site of a fertilized ovum and the pathway for sperm to reach the uterine tubes? Cervix Fallopian tube Uterus Vagina

Uterus

Which of the following comparisons between arteries and veins is true? Veins have thick, muscular walls, while arteries have thin, more compliant walls. Veins have valves, and arteries do not. Veins have a smaller diameter than arteries. Veins carry freshly oxygenated blood from tissue back to the heart, while arteries carry oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart.

Veins have valves, and arteries do not.

Which of the following substances is synthesized in the skin from a cholesterol-based precursor upon safe exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays of sunlight? Melanin Vitamin D Sweat Keratin

Vitamin D

Blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen enter the bone tissues through the __________. Lacunae Lamellae Osteons Volkmann canals

Volkmann canals

The number of ________ is the same across a period but increases when moving down a group? electron shells isotopes cations anions

electron shells

Atomic mass does not include ________ in its calculation. The atomic number of an element is the number of ___________. neutrons; protons electrons; protons electrons; neutrons protons; neutrons

electrons; protons

The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the _________________.

small intestine

Which of the following lists the respiratory passageways in order from largest diameter to smallest diameter? Bronchi, trachea, bronchioles Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles Bronchioles, bronchi, trachea Trachea, bronchioles, bronch

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

A lung with a low level of compliance could be best described as _ a stiff lung requiring extra work to accomplish normal breathing. a lung with normal function. A lung with a high elasticity but with damaged alveoli. a highly elastic lung allowing breathing occur with reduced work.

a stiff lung requiring extra work to accomplish normal breathing. In a lung with low compliance, or a stiff lung, extra work will be required to overcome the stiffness of the lung and breathe sufficient air in.

Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the atrium?

vena cava

Which of the following is not a part of the male reproductive system Urethra Bulbourethral glands Bladder Epididymis

Bladder

Which of the following conditions would exhibit an increase in lung compliance? Bronchitis Asthma Emphysema Lung cancer

Emphysema Emphysema increases lung compliance due to the damaged lung tissue.

Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function? Lysosomes/ ATP production Nucleus/ Intracellular digestion Ribosome/ Protein synthesis Mitochondria/ Cell division

Ribosome/ Protein synthesis

The ______________ is a double layered membrane that lines the lungs. pleural cavity alveolus pleura pericardium

pleura

Which of the following is not located on the anterior region of the human body? Clavicle Mandible Vertebral column Sternum

Vertebral column The vertebral column is located posteriorly (at the back). The mandible, sternum, and clavicle are all located anteriorly (front).

Which of the following lists the heart's primary valves in the order in which blood passes through them? Tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic semilunar valve, pulmonary semilunar valve Bicuspid, tricuspid, aortic semilunar valve, pulmonary semilunar valve Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve, bicuspid, aortic semilunar valve Tricuspid, aortic semilunar valve, bicuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve

tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve, bicuspid, aortic semilunar valve

Which of these nitrogenous bases are present in the DNA? Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and uracil (U) Adenine (A), thymine (T), uracil (U), and cytosine (C) Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) Thymine (T), guanine (G), uracil (U), and cytosine (C

Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C

The two strands of the DNA are __________. All of the above Uncomplimentary Anti-parallel

Anti-parallel

Using the provided image, choose the anatomical structure designated by letter J.

Aorta

Which of the following lists the blood vessels in the order of blood flow from the left ventricle back to the heart at the right atrium? Vena cava, veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries, aorta Aorta, arterioles, arteries, capillaries, veins, venules, vena cava Arterioles, arteries, aorta, vena cava, veins, venules, capillaries Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava

Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava

Which of these nitrogenous bases are found in DNA? Cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine Adenosine, genotropin, thymine, crystalline Uracil, adenosine, thiamine, cytosine Thymine, cytosine, adenine, uracil

Cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine

Which of the following is the correct sequence? Protein → DNA → RNA DNA → RNA → Protein RNA → DNA → Protein Protein → RNA → DNA

DNA → RNA → Protein

Which of the following is not a function of pulmonary surfactant? Prevention of lung collapse Decrease in lung compliance Reduction of surface tension Increase in lung compliance

Decrease in lung compliance

Which of the following describes what would happen during a period of hyperventilation? Increased carbon dioxide levels result in an increase in pH Increased oxygen uptake results in greater tissue perfusion Decreased carbon dioxide levels result in a decrease in pH Decreased carbon dioxide levels result in an increase in pH

Decreased carbon dioxide levels result in an increase in pH

Which of the following organ systems is not correctly paired with its function? Nervous/ collecting, analyzing and integrating information that regulates intrinsic body conditions and maintains behavioral patterns Circulatory/ transport of substance to all tissues of the body Digestive/ provide defense against infectious diseases Respiratory/ breathing and gas exchange

Digestive/ provide defense against infectious diseases

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function?

Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling The Endocrine system is responsible for regulating homeostasis through hormone signaling.

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell? Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Lysosomes Golgi Apparatus

Endoplasmic Reticulum The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is where synthesized proteins are processed and sorted.

Which of the following parts of the male reproductive system is not correctly paired with its function? Epididymis/ secretes mucus that lubricates the urethra Scrotum/ pouch of skin that encloses and supports the testes Penis/ passageway for semen and urine Testes/ production of male gametes

Epididymis/ secretes mucus that lubricates the urethra

Which of the following structures is responsible for the transport of female gametes? Cervix Fallopian tube Vas deferens Urethra

Fallopian tube The fallopian tubes transport female gametes from ovaries to the uterus.

Which of the following arteries has the primary responsibility of supplying blood to the reproductive system? Common iliac artery Gonadal artery Inguinal artery Femoral artery

Gonadal artery The gonadal artery is a branch off of the abdominal aorta that supplies the reproductive organs with blood.

Which of the following statements is correct? The female gonads are the uterus and the ovaries. The male gonads are the testes and the penis. Gonads produce sperm in males and ova in females. Gonads, similar to other organs, produce cells that have the full number of chromosomes.

Gonads produce sperm in males and ova in females.

Which of the following does not correctly describe a cell membrane? It is composed entirely of proteins and lipids. It is composed of a single layer of lipids interspersed with proteins. The phospholipid component has hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. Fat soluble substances such as oxygen, carb

It is composed of a single layer of lipids interspersed with proteins. The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer primarily made up of lipids and proteins. The phospholipid component has hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic ends. The hydrophobic ends make up the middle portion of the membrane and this layer makes it easy for fat soluble substances, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and alcohol to pass through.

Which of the following is not true about reproductive hormones? LH (luteinizing hormone) is produced by the posterior pituitary gland. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) stimulates maturation of sperm and ovum. LH (luteinizing hormone) stimulates ovulation and production of testosterone.

LH (luteinizing hormone) is produced by the posterior pituitary gland.

Which of the following processes correctly describe the formation of new cells in order to replace worn-out and damaged cells during injury? Mitosis Meiosis Endocytosis Exocytosis

Mitosis Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. The major purpose of mitosis is to replace worn-out and damaged cells.

As air is inhaled, the sequence in which it passes through the respiratory tract is best described by which of the following choices? Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles Nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchioles, bronchi Nasal cavity, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx Pharynx, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

HIV is a virus that destroys the body's defense against diseases by inserting itself into the host's DNA. In which part of the infected host cell will HIV virus be found?

Nucleus HIV infects a host cell by integrating its genetic material with the genetic material of the host cell. Genetic material is located in the nucleus.

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with the hormone it produces? Ovaries/ estrogen Mammary gland/ prolactin Adrenal gland/ vasopressin Anterior pituitary gland/ oxytocin

Ovaries/ estrogen

Of the following organs, which has both endocrine and digestive functions? Duodenum Gallbladder Pancreas Colon

Pancreas The pancreas has both endocrine and digestive functions because it secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon, as well as various digestive proteases, amylases and lipases.

Osteoblasts are specialized cells that secrete the protein collagen and other substances necessary for bone formation. Which of the following organelles is more likely to be predominant in osteoblasts?

Ribosomes Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis, so it is expected to be predominant in protein-secreting cells such as osteoblasts.

Which of the following describes the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum? Facilitates movement of substance in and out of the cell Synthesis and transport of proteins Conversion of nutrients to ATP Intracellular digestion of damaged structures, macromolecules, and bacteria

Synthesis and transport of proteins The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is studded with ribosomes and, as such, assists in the synthesis and transport of proteins.

Blood pressure is recorded as two numbers, for example 110/70. The top number (110) represents ___________ blood pressure which is ____________________________. Systole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is ejecting blood Systole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is filling Diastole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is filling Diastole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is ejecting blood

Systole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is ejecting blood During systole, a large portion of that blood is pumped out of the ventricle.

Function of male and female reproductive system is regulated by hormones. Which of the following is not correct? The Corpus luteum secretes progesterone. Testosterone promotes development of male secondary sexual characteristics. The pituitary gland is located in the brain and it secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The Cowper's glands produce testosterone.

The Cowper's glands produce testosterone.

In order for the heart to contract, an action potential must be generated at the sinoatrial node. If this signal fails to reach the Purkinje fibers, what will be the result? The diastolic period will be shortened The systolic period will be elongated The ventricles will not contract and blood will pool within the heart The Purkinje fibers will act as pacemaker cells but fire at a slower rate

The Purkinje fibers will act as pacemaker cells but fire at a slower rate

Which of the following best describes the mechanical process of normal breathing during expiration? The diaphragm contracts and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles relax and contract upward. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles relax and move the ribs downward. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles contract and move the ribs upward. The diaphragm relaxes and moves downward, while the intercostal muscles relax and move the ribs downward.

The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles relax and move the ribs downward.

Which of the following is not true about the lymphatic system? The lymphatic system facilitates the filtering of fluid at the lymph nodes. The lymphatic system includes the spleen, thymus, and tonsils. The lymphatic system transports a fluid called lymph throughout the body. The lymphatic system transports both white blood cells and red blood cell

The lymphatic system transports both white blood cells and red blood cells.

Which of the following is true? The female gametes are called ova and contain full set of chromosomes. The female gametes are called ovaries and contain half of a set of chromosomes. The male gametes are called sperm and contain half of a set of chromosomes. The male gametes are called eggs and contain full set of chromosomes.

The male gametes are called sperm and contain a half set of chromosomes.

Which of the following describes the volume of air associated with a normal breath Tidal volume Inspiratory reserve volume Total lung capacity Residual volume

Tidal volume Tidal volume represents a normal volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled during relaxed breathin

Which of the following steps of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus? Translation to amino acid Replication Elongation Transcription to mRNA

Transcription to mRNA In the nucleus, the mRNA transcribes the genetic instruction from the DNA.

DNA is composed of ____________. two long parallel polynucleotide chains two long polynucleotide chains twisted in a double helix one coiled polynucleotide chain two short parallel polynucleotide chains

Two long polynucleotide chains twisted in a double helix

Which of the following correctly describes anatomical position? Prone, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly Supine, arms at sides, palms facing posteriorly Seated, arms at sides, palms facing posteriorly Upright, arms at sides, palms facin

Upright, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly

Which of the following terms correctly describes the movement of air in and out of the lungs? Oxidation Diffusion Respiration Ventilation

Ventilation Ventilation is the physical movement of air in and out of the lungs.

Voluntarily holding your breath will eventually result in: brain damage or death to due to lack of oxygen. an innate reflex to start breathing due to low oxygen levels. temporary unconsciousness and risk of stroke. an innate reflex to start breathing due to increased carbon dioxide levels

an innate reflex to start breathing due to increased carbon dioxide levels. When someone holds their breath, two things are happening: there is a lack of oxygen being taken in and delivered to the body's tissues, and there is a buildup of carbon dioxide that is not being exhaled

The condition ________________ can often lead to ________________ due to buildup and blockage of coronary arteries, preventing blood flow to the myocardium. arteriosclerosis; myocardial infarction atherosclerosis; myocardial infarction atherosclerosis; stroke arteriosclerosis; stroke

atherosclerosis; myocardial infarction

Which of the following anatomical terms is correctly matched with its meaning? cervical/wrist inguinal/neck carpal/foot cranial/skull

cranial/skull

A decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood would result in __________________. increased blood viscosity decreased blood pressure decreased oxygen-carrying capacity increased oxygen-carrying capacity

decreased oxygen carrying capacity

One of the primary functions of blood is to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues. This is accomplished by ________________, which contain the oxygen-carrying protein called ___________________. plasma; albumin leukocytes; myoglobin erythrocytes; hemoglobin platelets; hemoglobin

erythrocytes; hemoglobin Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, ("eryth" meaning red, and "cyte" meaning cell) are the cells found in blood that bind and deliver oxygen. They are able to carry oxygen because of a protein they contain called hemoglobin.

In the respiratory system, the majority of gas exchange takes place ___ in the bronchi in the bronchioles in the trachea in the alveoli

in the alveoli

Gas exchange between the blood and alveoli would be enhanced by ______________, but impeded by __________________. increased tidal volume; decreased membrane thickness decreased respiratory rate; increased tidal volume decreased membrane thickness; increased alveolar surface area increased alveolar surface area; increased membrane thickness

increased alveolar surface area; increased membrane thickness any increases in gas coefficient, surface area, or difference in pressure will enhance gas exchange, while any increase in tissue thickness will impede gas exchange.

Which of the following terms is alternatively called the "voice box"? Pharynx Trachea Larynx Uvula

larynx The larynx is located just inferior to the pharynx and is commonly referred to as the "voice box"

Using the provided image, choose the anatomical structure designated by letter B.

left atrium

In order for blood to be delivered to the body (i.e. the systemic circuit), enough pressure must be developed by the ___________ to push open the _______ right ventricle; pulmonary semilunar valve right ventricle; aortic semilunar valve left ventricle; aortic semilunar valve left ventricle; pulmonary semilunar valve

left ventricle; aortic semilunar valve

Which of the following organelles plays a vital role in the breaking down of macromolecules? Ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosomes Golgi Apparatus

lysosomes Lysosomes, on the contrary, are responsible for digesting molecules/ substances being transported inside the cell from the outside, such as during phagocytosis by macrophages.

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above?

lysosomes White blood cells contain a larger number of lysosomes because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Lysosomes are responsible for digesting and removing waste from a cell. This means they can digest bacteria and viruses that are engulfed by white blood cells in order to protect the body.

The _________________ carries oxygen depleted blood away from the heart, while the ________________ carries oxygen-rich blood back towards the heart. aorta; pulmonary artery pulmonary vein; pulmonary artery vena cava; pulmonary artery pulmonary artery; pulmonary vein

pulmonary artery; pulmonary vein

Diastole is the term that describes _________, while systole represents_____________. relaxing and filling; contraction and ejection contraction and ejection; relaxing and filling receiving of the electrical impulse from the SA node; ventricular contraction contraction and filling; relaxing and ejection

relaxing and filling; contraction and ejection

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of blood through the heart's primary chambers? right atrium, left atrium, aorta, and vena cava right ventricle, left ventricle, aorta, and vena cava right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle right ventricle, right atrium, vena cava, and aorta

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle

Which of the following is the largest organ of the human body?

skin

Which of the following conditions occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked? stroke Migraine Myocardial infarction Aneurysm

stroke