TEAS: Atoms and the Periodic table

how man orbitals does each subshell have?

(* remember only 1 orbit can hold 2 electrons) s=1 p=3 d=5 f-6

If carbon's atomic mass is 12 how many electrons does it have?

6 (atomic mass= protons + neutrons so 12/2=6; protons=6 and protons= electrons)

each successive shell represents what?

a higher energy level

What is the mass of an electron?

about 1/1800 amu *very small

where does the atomic number appear with the element symbol?

above

where is the atomic number found with the element symbol?

above the element symbol

the far left column of the periodic table are known as?

alkali metals

what are ions?

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

all elements in a group need the same number of ________________ to complete their outer shell

electrons

___________ orbit around the nucleus of an atom

electrons (opposite charges between protons and electrons create an attraction or "cloud orbit")

an ___________ is a pure type of matter that cannot be seperated by ordinary chemical means

element

although there is a typical number of neutrons four each element, the number of neutrons in an atoms vary; these variations are termed as ___________________.

isotopes

an individual element can be identified by what?

its symbol, atomic number and atomic mass

a ______________ is a group of two or more atoms bonded together

molecule

Electrons have a ______ charge

negative

the poss. charge of proton= magnitude as the negative charge of a electron, so an atom that contains the same number of each is a __________ atom.

neutral atom

neutrons are particles in the nucleus that have ______ electric charge

no electric charge

the far right column of the periodic able are known as?

noble gases

electrons can be associated with an ________. however, orbitals are not clearly defined paths.

orbital

the highest-numbered shells of each element correspond to the ____________ ____________

period number

the different row of elements are called ______________

periods

each orbital are grouped into named ___________

subshells

_____________ electrons are crucial for forming bonds with other atoms in chemical reactions

valence electrons

the electrons in the outermost shell are called?

valence electrons

the mass of a proton or a neutron is extremely close to what?

1 atomic mass unit (amu)

If carbons atomic number is 6 what is its mass?

12 (atomic numbers= protons and number of protons= number of neutrons so 6+6=12)

Each orbital can hold how many electrons?

2 electrons ^which orbit the nucleus in opposite directions

octet rule

States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons *most atoms want a valence of 8 electrons

if there are extra electrons, then the ion is negatively charges and is known as a ______________.

anion

An _____ is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element.

atom

where is the atomic mass found with the element symbol?

below the element symbol

the elements are arranged in the periodic table how?

by increasing atomic number.

If an atom has lost electrons then the ion has a positive charge and is known as a ___________.

cation

If a shell is exactly at its full capacity of electrons (8), the atom will be _______________ and will not react easily

stable

as the energy level increases the electrons, on average, move closer or farther away from the nucleus?

farther

the different columns are termed ____________

groups

protons are _______ charged particles in the nucleus

positively

the number of __________ in the nucleus define an element

protons

the atomic number is = to the number of __________

protons (which is also the number of electrons in a neutral atom)

Atomic mass is?

protons + neutrons (because electrons weigh very little)

______________ and _____________ have aprox. the same mass

protons and nutrons

What are atoms composed of?

protons, neutrons, electrons

subshells designation and electron capacity:

s=2 p=6 d=10 f=14

subshells are grouped into _______, which describe all the elctrons across certain subshells that share the same princible energy level

shells

what is electron configuration?

the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom

when a shell reaches its capacity what happens to additional electrons?

they start to fill in the next shell