TEFL

Auxiliary "be"

(Am, is, are, was and were) Used to support present participle verbs.

Auxiliary "do"

(Do, does, did) used to support main verbs in question forms, negative sentences (with not added to the end e.g. don't, doesn't, didn't)

Irregular Verb

Behave differently from their counterparts, with different endings to what you'd expect. They can either have no ending, have a change vowel or be something completely different.

It's

Contraction - it is.

Its

Possessive. Its tail is wagging.

Auxiliary verbs (helping verbs)

Verbs that accompany a main verb. They form tenses and language aspects.

Been

past participle of to be

Auxiliary "have"

(Have, has, had) used to support past participle verbs.

Past Simple Tense

A completed action at a specified time in the past. (Yesterday, last year, when I was young)

Uncountable noun 2

A noun is in uncountable when it does not refer to a specific thing. Ex - he added salt and pepper. Allergic to wheat. (In this context wheat is general doesn't refer to a specific piece of wheat.

Regular Plural Noun

A noun where all you have to do to make it plural is add an s. Bowls, pens, cars

Irregular Plural Noun

A noun where the word changes completely, stays the same, or adds an es to make plural. Boxes, children, mice, cacti, sheep

Reported speech

A speaker's words reported by someone else with the required changes in person and tense. For example: "Ollie will start work on monday" becomes "He said that Ollie would start work on Monday".

Strong Verb

A verb that can stand on its own in a sentence.

Weak Verb

A verb that needs the help of an auxiliary verb to help it express meaning.

Passive Voice

A way of saying things when the object comes first. For example: the missing cat was found by Anne.

Plural Noun

A word that indicates that there is more than one person, animal, place, thing or idea.

Preposition

A word used before a noun, noun phrase or pronoun, connecting it to another word. Example: Ollie jumped IN the lake, and drove slowly DOWN the road.

Future Continuous Tense

Action in progress at a specific time in the future or, occasionally, an alternative to "going to "for a future plan or "be doing "for a future arrangement. Ex: Yes, I will be paying for the meal.

Past Continuous Tense

Action in progress in the past either: a) when a shorter action took place or )b at a very precise moment. Ex: she was writing that novel when she became ill.

Past Perfect Continuous

Action that has started, continued for some time and was still in progress in the past: a) before another action or b) before a very precise moment. Ex: she had been writing that novel for a few months before she became ill.

Future Perfect Tense

Action that will be completed in the future either before a specific moment or before another action takes place. Ex: We will have left the restaurant by midnight.

Third person present simple tense

Add an s. Eats, loves, is

"Be going to" "Going to" Future Tense

An action in the future that has already been planned by the speaker or some thing that is certain to happen in the near future. Example: I am going to call Dan after lunch. I know he is going to invite me out.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

An action that has already started and is still going on. (I've been doing, she has been doing)

Past Perfect Tense

An action that was completed in the past either: a) before another action took place or b) before a very precise moment. Ex: she had written that novel before she became ill.

Intransitive Verb

An action verb that does not have a direct object.

Transitive Verb

An action verb that has a direct object (A thing or person that is directly affected by the verb). The object CAN be implied or understood. Ex: Jack has smoked since he was 15. (The direct object (cigarettes) is understood, therefore the verb is transitive)

Verb

An action word

Modal Verb

An auxiliary verb that expresses necessity or possibility. There are 11 total.

Phrasal verb

An idiomatic phrase combining a verb and a particle example: break down, look down on, think over, take up.

Past Participle

Another past form of the verb for both regular and irregular types. However, it is not a tense in itself.

Name the modal verbs

Can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, ought to, used to

Indirect Object

Comes before the direct object. Tells to whom, for whom the action of the verb is done. (Claire threw JOSEPH the ball)

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

I will have been doing. We will have been drinking for a few hours by the time we leave.

Proper Noun

Names a specific person, place, thing, or idea; James Bond, February, Monday, Big Ben

What is walked in this sentence? I have *walked* to the park many times.

Past Participle

What is walked in this sentence? Yesterday I *walked* to the park.

Past Simple

I am/are

Present form of to be

verb infinitive

Put to in front of it - to be, to run.

Future Simple Tense

Subject + will/shall + Verb. Ex: I will call him as soon as I can.

Present Continuous Tense

The action is on-going/still going on and hence continuous. ( I am eating.; I am sleeping.; I am playing.)

was/were

The past simple form of to be.

Being

The present participle of to be.

Passive Voice

The subject of the sentence is acted on by the verb, for example: the class WAS TAUGHT by Alicia (not Alicia taught the class).

Countable Noun

These are nouns that can be counted and have singular and plural forms. In their singular form they can be preceded by a or an. Examples; cat, women, drink

Interjection

These are words or phrases that express emotion or exclamation, like: wow, ahh, hmm, oh dear, absolutely.

Uncountable Noun

These nouns cannot be counted and don't usually have a plural form. Examples; flour, wood, rain.

Interjection

These words or phrases show surprise, enthusiasm, disgust or joy. E.g. hey! Hmm! Aah!

Determiner

This clarifies a noun and includes words like: this, that, your, its.

Preposition

This goes before a noun or pronoun to connect to another word in the sentence. Examples include: about, after, for.

Determiner

This helps us identify with something is or how many of some thing there are. Examples include: your, his, her, every, more, both.

Concrete Noun

This is a noun that can be identified through the five senses - Sight, smell, hear, taste, or touch.

Conjunction

This is a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause, like: and, but, if.

Collective Noun

This noun refers to a group of people, animals or things and is used in singular form. Examples; a flock, a herd, a bunch

Article

This precedes a noun and can be definite (the) or indefinite (a/an).

Indefinite article

This refers to or points out a general, non-specific noun. A or An.

Definite article

This refers to or points out a specific noun. "THE"

Present Simple Tense

This tense depicts actions that are repeated or habitual. A fact, habit or regular action. EX: (I get up) at 9:00 A.M.

First verb taught in English language

To be

Present Participle

Verbs that describe an ongoing action. -ing

Possessive Noun

a noun that shows ownership; the Dog's, Julia's, my mother's

Present Perfect Tense

a) with an action verb: a completed action without a specified time in the past. (She has already written 40 books.) b) with a state verb (to be, to have, to know) ex: She has been a writer for 15 years. I have known her since 2010.

Abstract Noun

names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic; love, hate, fairness, education