Terrorism and Homeland Security Chapter 8,11,12,13 & 15
Black September
The term Black September refers to the Jordanian Civil War that began in September 1970 and ended in July of 1971. The conflict was fought between the two major components of the Jordanian population, the Palestinians,
Ottoman Empire
Turkish empire that collapsed in 1924, brining in an end to the Caliphate
Abu Nidal
was a founding member of Fatah but split with Arafat in 1974. He founded militias in southern Lebanon, and he attacked Western and Israeli targets in Europe during the 1980's. He later became a mercenary and was murdered in Iraq, probably by the Iraqi government.
The roots of the word Islam means
Peace
The Difference between the Quran and Christian bibles
1) Quran talks about Christianity, Judaism and Islam. They all share similar traditions of God. 2) Quran acknowledges all Prophet's of the Testament of the bible. 3) Islam is close in its fundamental's of Judaism and Christianity. 4)Islam considers Jesus an Important Prophet not Divine one but just a human prophet. Jesus is mentioned 93 times but he is not mentioned as the son of God. 5) The Quran and Bible are similar and interconnect.
Religious Terrorist- Terrorists wish to spread their Religion.
1) Religious terrorism is terrorism carried out based on motivations and goals that have a predominantly religious character or influence. 2) The Afghan Mujahedeen believed that the power of GOD had prevailed over Satan. They were the holy warriors who fought for God who defeated the Soviets who they called Satan.
Domestic Terrorist groups
1) Right Wing 2) Left Wing 3) International Terrorists
Right Wing Groups for example
1) Ruby ridge 2)Waco Siege 3) KKK
The future of DHS is Prevention: what is the key to stopping Terrorism
1) is the result of gathering and analyzing information. 2) Do not spate homeland security from national security, improve defenses of infrastructure, improve bureaucracy.
The USA PATRIOT ACT of 2001. 7 itmes
1) new standards fro a new system of domestic intelligence gathering and analysis. 2) made significant changes in the structure of Federal law enforcement, was passed weeks after the September attacks. 3)Provisions allow for roving wiretaps, increased power to seize evidence, and increasing wiretaps were approved. Expands Law enforcement's power to investigate and deter terrorism. 7) Adversely affects civil liberties.
J. Bowyer
1)American Historian and Terrorist Expert who wrote the secret Army and the Zion the fight for Israel independence. IRA-Irish Republican Army. 2) Used the term endemic terrorism, to describe the state of violence in Africa. He defined this form of terrorism created by artificial divisions of tribes, families, and ethnic groups. 3) Domestic terrorism includes vigilante revolutionaries, and transnational terrorism from foreigners fighting on American soil.
Daniel Byman 's words
1)The tried and true methods of counterterrorism do not work against ethnic violence. Defends Israel's selective assassination, Israel's future security depends on the future of Hamas.
Osama bin Laden had how many fighters when he started
18,000 Fighters
Evolution of Al Qaeda
1992 Bomb attack in Yemen in a hotel that housed US Troops, 1993 bombing of the US World Trade Center NY.
The Brady Bill-Right Wing
A law that limits gun ownership, named for Presidents Reagan press secretary after he was disabled by a gunshot in a 1981 assasination attempt on Reagan.
Survivalist
A person who adopts a form of right wing extremism advocating a militant rejection of society.
Abdullah Azzam
Abdullah Yusuf Azzam a.k.a. Father of Global Jihad was a Palestinian Sunni Islamic scholar and theologian and founding member of al-Qaeda
Revolutionary Terrorism
Attempt to seize power from a legitimate government for the purpose of creating political and social change. (through systematic use of terrorism)
When Israel faced a surge in Suicide Bombings which tactics did it take against its enemy
Bulldozing, whose purpose was to destroy the family homes of the suicide bombers. If militant charities and governments were going to compensate families of martyrs, the Israelis reasoned, bulldozing homes would be more painful than the pleasure of economic reward.
DHS 2003. 6 items
DHS has 3 functions: 1) Prevention of terrorism 2) Responding to attacks 3) Providing technical support to local agencies 4)Criminal intelligence 5)analysts analyze all intelligence information 6) DHS- made up of the DOD, DOJ, and the intelligence community. (State, Local, and Tribal Law enforcement).
What is the most important factor of Homeland Security
DHS is responsible for protecting the borders and the Country's interior through the combing of several law enforcement agencies who share national criminal intelligence.
Terrorist Group ETA from the Pais Vasco province of Spain. Los Vascos have their own Language but also speak Spanish. ETA means
ETA, an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna ("Basque Country and Freedom") is an armed Basque nationalist and separatist organization in northern Spain
Zionism
European Jews wanted their own homeland in Palestine
Sayyid Qutab wanted a single Muslim nation.
Founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. Published the Milestone papers. Theology and Ideology of the Jihadist revolution.
Sovereign Citizens Terrorist group
Free of us citizenship, have killed Police, and believe that a clause of the 14th amendment that talked about a right of freedom has been removed from it....
Right wing Terrorism
God is usually invoked. Conspiracy theory, Patriotism and guns.
Hamas is the main Palestinian armed resistance terrorist group. Hamas is Sunni but they do their main business with Damascus, Syria and Tehran, Iran.
Hamas was founded sometime in 1988 soon after the First Intifada broke out, as an offshoot of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, which in its Gaza branch had been non-confrontational towards Israel, refrained from resistance, and was hostile to the PLO. Co-founder Sheik Ahmed Yassin stated in 1987, and the Hamas Charter affirmed in 1988, that Hamas was founded to liberate Palestine, including modern-day Israel, from Israeli occupation and to establish an Islamic state in the area that is now Israel.
Separatist Terrorist- Terrorist wish to gain their own Country.
Have clear cut and achievable goals. They studied the tactics of the Peoples will. This is a struggle based on cultural and ethnic beliefs.
Yassar Arafat
He was a founding Member of the Fatah and the PLO. He merged the PLO and Fatah in 1964 and ran a terrorist campaign against Israel. He was born in Cairo and was President of the Palestinian National Authority from 1993 - 2003
Ideologist Terrorist-Terrorists wish to spread their ideals.
Ideological terrorism refers to small groups who terrorize for the purpose of imposing their political ideals on others.
Tupac Amaru
Inca Chief who resisted the Spanish and became a symbol to gain support in Uruguay for the Tupamaros
Dissemination of Information
Information sharing is still remains a difficult issue
ISI
Inter-Services Intelligence or simply by its initials ISI) is the premier intelligence service of Pakistan
Which particular Muslim sects most in control of Iran
Iran is a predominantly Shi'i Muslim country. They follow what is called the "Twelver" or "Ja'fari" a branch of Shi'ism.
Hezbollah
Is a Terrorist Organization in the middle east concentrated in Lebanon and is very much involved in Lebanon's Politics. Hezbollah is a configuration of political actors from the Iranian Revolution and the Shiite community of Southern Lebanon. Its roots can be traced from Iran's revolutionary ideas and Shiite emancipation in Lebanon. This link came about through Syria who desire is build a relationship with Iran and Control Politics inside Lebanon.
Madrassas
Islamic religious schools
Hezbollah is funded by
Its Primary sponsor is Iran , and it receives secondary support from Syria. Hezbollah gets its funding from Iran and Syria as well as charity organizations.
Tupamaro Organization
Maintained a Hierarchy, epitomized Carlos Marighellas concept of the firing unit, 4-6 person cells, columns were major units highly decentralized. Maters in urban warfare
Turner Diaries book. Author: William Pierce (as Andrew Macdonald), leader of the neo-Nazi National Alliance
Premise: The diaries of Earl Turner, member of an underground white supremacist army, provide an inside account of an Aryan revolution that overturns the United States government in the near future.
Mark Hamm stated
Prison recruiting creates a problem because it is much easier to radicalize people in Jail
Hezbollah
Protects Iranian interests, to impose a Shiite government in Lebanon and to destroy the State of Israel
Raul Sendic-Uruguay
Raúl Sendic Antonaccio was a prominent Uruguayan Marxist lawyer, unionist and founder of the Tupamaros National Liberation Movement
Quran
Recitation
Ruby ridge-Domestic terrorism-Standoff between survivalists and law enforcement.
Ruby Ridge was the site of a deadly confrontation and siege in northern Idaho in 1992 between Randy Weaver, his family and his friend Kevin Harris, and agents of the United States Marshals Service (USMS) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). It resulted in the death of Weaver's son Sammy, his wife Vicki, and Deputy U.S. Marshal William Francis Degan.
Left Wing Terrorism
Student Activism, elites controlled groups. Used bombings but tried to avoid casualties. Vietnam war.
Islam
Submission
Two Largest Muslim Groups Sunni and Shiites
Sunni 85 % of world population and Shiites 10% of the worlds Population.
After World War Two the Cold war began and the world was split into Two Camps
The Communist and non communists Nations.
Homeland Security when was it established
The Department of Homeland Security was created in 2003 by Congress from the Office of Homeland Security after the attacks on September 11. 2001
Anti-terrorism. Who is at the frontline of the struggle
The Police Officers
Sunnie's
The Sunni are the majority in most Islamic countries outside of Iran, Iraq, Yemen, and Bahrain. Sunna—translated variously as the "trodden path," "the way," "example," or "habitual practice"—refers to the example or path of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers.
Waco Siege-Standoff between members of the Branch Davidian cult and Federal law enforcement.
The Waco siege was a siege of a compound belonging to the religious group Branch Davidians by American federal and Texas state law enforcement and military between February 28 and April 19, 1993.[4] The Branch Davidians, a sect that separated in 1955 from the Seventh-day Adventist Church, was led by David Koresh and lived at Mount Carmel Center ranch in the community of Elk, Texas,[5][6][7] nine miles (14 kilometers) east-northeast of Waco. The group was suspected of weapons violations and a search and arrest warrant was obtained by the ATF. The incident began when the ATF attempted to raid the ranch. An intense gun battle erupted, resulting in the deaths of four agents and six Branch Davidians. Upon the ATF's failure to raid the compound, a siege was initiated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the standoff lasting 51 days. Eventually, the FBI launched an assault and initiated a tear gas attack in an attempt to force the Branch Davidians out. During the attack, a fire engulfed Mount Carmel Center and 76 people,[8][9] including David Koresh, died.
Shiite's
The group now known as Sunnis chose Abu Bakr, the prophet's adviser, to become the first successor, or caliph, to lead the Muslim state. Shiites favored Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law. Ali and his successors are called imams, who not only lead the Shiites but are considered to be descendants of Muhammad
What is the Jihadist Ideology
The jihadist ideology holds that they are the only true believers. The rest of world is made up of hostile unbelievers whose sole purpose is the destruction of Islam. These people are thus worthy of attack.
Birth of Israel 1948
The middle east had been volatile since Israel was recognized as a State. The PLO(Palestine Liberation Organization) Palestine has been one of the major terrorists group to have been in conflict with Israel. Many Arabs groups express a dissatisfaction with Israel's existence.
Soviet-Afghan war
The rise of Religious terrorism. Al Qaeda operated by Osama bin Laden was created out of this conflict
Counter Revolutionary Terrorism
Torture, served as a deterrent effect
Sovereign Citizens
White Supremacist, groups claiming independence from the USA, Free of American Citizenship, laws, and taxes.
Does Terrorism change or stay the same
Yes. Defense in depth- Changes in the nature of the conflict and brings about a need to operate deeply in social the social structure.
Islam is
a religion that values peace and tolerance
Al Zawarhiri started his career of terrorism when he was 14 years old when he joined the Muslim Brotherhood later he was imprisoned, after his imprisonment he went to medical school to be a doctor, after meeting Osama bin Laden he joined Al Qaeda
al-Zawahiri is the current leader of al-Qaeda and a current or former member and senior official of Islamist organizations which have orchestrated and carried out attacks in North America, Asia, Africa, an...
Tupamaro Organization
an Uruguayan Terrorist group that used Carlos Marighella concept to wage a terrorist campaign in the city. They became the masters of urban terrorism.
Carlos Marighella
created the firing unit as a tactic, 4-6 member cells, highly decentralized.
King Hussein of Jordan
expels Yassar Arafat from Jordan
Fatah a guerilla organization to wage war against Israel
formed by Yasser Arafart
Hamas
is led by Ahmed from the former PLO who creates Hamas when he splits form the PLO. Hamas there must be no peace with Israel.
Cuba is what type of government
its has been placed on the United States terrorist list as a State Sponsor Terrorist Government. It is also follow a communist dictator regime.
Proactive: how do we prevent it
recognizing possible terrorists activity and coordinating preventing measures from multiple community partnerships and sharing information with other Law enforcement agencies.
Al Qaeda
was born in the last stages of the Soviet-Afghan war. Al-Qaeda is a global militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and several other militants.
Muslim
who submits to God