test 1

After consuming too much alcohol, Shelly has to be helped out of the car and then the throws up on the sidewalk. Her blood alcohol content is probably nearing:

.15

The total time spent in dreaming during a typical night's sleep is about:

1-2 hours

A control group would be included in an experiment to:

Allow comparisons with the experimental groups

Inferential statistics help researchers:

Determine the probability of cut events

In the protocol application she is preparing to submit to the institutional review board (IRB), Dr. Francis describes the need to map neural connections in her experimental subjects. Dr. Francis will only be able to use ____ for her study if the IRB approves the protocol.

Diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI)

"By conducting introspection experiments, his aim was to understand the most basic elements of the mind. He wanted to do for psychology what the periodic table of the elements did for chemistry," lectures a dr. Chekhov. This would be part of an effective presentation about

Edward Titchener

The decision that anesthesiologist dr. Chander makes regarding her use of an anti-anxiety, memory blocking drug is based on:

Ethical concerns regarding anxiety level and personal choice of the patient.

Dr. Mcavoy talks to groups of high school students about the effects of alcohol on health. Dr. Mcavoy would be correct in mentioning that:

Excessive alcohol use can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and heart disease

Ulrica thinks someone slipped something into her drink when she was dancing because her sense of time is distorted and she feels like she has been experiencing an emotional roller coaster. Ulrica probably ingested a ___ and she should be concerned about ___.

Hallucinogen; memory impairment

Danica needs to study for her psychology exam, but she really wants to check Facebook while she's studying. Research on multitasking suggests that for Danica to study the most effectively, she should:

Intersperse every hour of studying with short breaks during which she checks Facebook.

Hamza is a police detective and he knows that for victims, what they smell is usually a more powerful emotional trigger than images or sounds. This is likely because olfactory messages are the only sensory

Messages that go directly to the limbus system

What specific sequence does the olfactory pathway follow?

Olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, limbic system

Aryans ___ cause him to feel the deep rumble of a loud truck as it passes him on the street.

Pacinian corpuscles

In order to study the function of a brain, behavioral neuroscientists sometimes use ___, which involves injecting a radioactive tracer into the bloodstream of a patient.

Positron emission tomography (pet)

How might someone summarize our current understanding of neurotransmitters?

Researchers have identified approximately 100 neurotransmitters, with many more yet to be discovered

Surgery is considered a stressful situation that can activate a person's sympathetic nervous system.Anesthetic drugs can help people during surgery by:

Suppressing the sympathetic nervous system

Stephen is giving a poster presentation on the anatomy of the eye. What statement should he use when explaining the optic disk? The optic disk is the location in the eye where the optic nerve exits the retina. The optic disk is the transparent, oval-shaped structure, through which incoming light is focused.

The optic disk is the location in the eye where the optic nerve exits the retina.

Hassan is evaluating a new piece of research he just heard on the news. To critically think about this research, he should ask whether the research:

Was written by an author with a professional background

The process in which a stimulus causes an involuntary response is known as:

a reflex arc

Alejandro is walking through the woods on a sunny day when he feels something on his face. It is a piece of spider web that weighs about as much as a bees wing, which is the ____ threshold for___.

absolute; touch

Roland has been exposed to a chemical that is disrupting the action of the neurotransmitter ____, which relays messages from neurons to muscles and thus enables movement.

acetylcholine

Dr. Geraldine is a health psychologist who is training new doctors. She reminds the medical students that ethically, they will need to consider the ___ before prescribing them to their future patients.

addictive potential of opioids

Nicotine mimics acetylcholine and causes the same activation. In contrast, curare blocks acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine is an acetylcholine____ while curare is an acetylcholine ___.

agonist, antagonist

Lorenzo is given a prescription for a barbiturate for his insomnia. His doctor warns him to avoid ___ because it, along with the barbiturate, both increases GABA and together they can lead to suppressed heart rate and breathing.

alcohol

While crossing a busy street, aadhya was nearly hit by a bus. For a moment she saw her life flash before her eyes, her heart raced, and her palms began to sweat. In dangerous situations like this, the ___ is activated and the nervous system orchestrates aadhya's physiological and emotional reaction of fear.

amygdala

In an experiment, the process of random ____ ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being in either the control group or the experimental group.

assignment

Abdul is working with a group of classmates on a short presentation. Abdul listens closely as the group discusses their topic, __. When there is an opportunity to speak, Abdul asks if the group plans to mention that Brock's area and wernicke's area are both relevant to their topic.

association areas

The cognitive perspective may be said to represent the ____ perspective.

behavioral

In focusing on their almost identical DNA as the explanation for many of Sam and anais' similarities, dr. Segal is using the ___ perspective.

biological

Coffee, soda, and tea are regularly consumed by people, and all contain psychoactive drug:

caffeine

One lesson of the Wakefield autism-vaccine study incident is that consumers of media should be skeptical of studies that:

cannot be replicated

The primary component of the inner ear is the:

cochlea

The contemporary field of ____ is devoted to the scientific study of conscious experience.

cognitive psychology

George knows that his shoes are yellow whether he is outside at the playground or in his house. This knowledge is due to:

color constancy

Koran was using a q-tip to get wax out of his ear but he pushed it in too far and ruptured his eardrum. The infection that he got damaged his middle ear bones. As a result he developed:

conduction hearing impairment

A placebo is given to members of the ___ group.

control

In an experiment to test the effects of throat lozenges on children with sore throats due to a cold, some of the children were given a medicated lozenge and some were given a lozenge made of sugar. In this experiment the children who receive the sugar lozenges were the ___ group.

control

Which eye structure is correctly matched with its description? Cornea: a clear outer layer that covers the eye. Pupil: a tough transparent structure that focuses light. Lens: The muscles that control the amount of light entering the eye. Iris: a black hole in the center of the eye

cornea

Use of traditional cigarettes is ___. Currently, ____ are the most popular tobacco product used by young people.

decreasing, ecigs

After gathering data on psychologists, Jocelyn creates a pie chart to display the percentage of psychologists working in different fields. In this scenario, she uses ___ to display the collected data.

descriptive statistics

The parasympathetic nervous system activates:

digestion

Sarah feels full of energy, and her heart is beating rapidly . She feels as if she were watching herself in a movie. Her euphoria, though, is morphing into anxiety. Which drug has Sarah consumed?

ecstasy

The _____ uses glands to convey messages by releasing hormones into the bloodstream.

endocrine system

Although there are many perspectives in the broad field of psychology. Dr. Destroy is familiar with research suggesting that sleep functions to conserve energy during periods in which hunting and gathering so would be dangerous or unproductive. The research dr. Destru is familiar with reflects the ___ theory of sleep.

evolutionary

According to the ____, when a person focuses attention on one object, all the other features drop or recede into the background

figure-ground principle

People like Christina, who suffer from Rasmussen encephalitis, often experience:

frequent seizures

Dr. Leleux believes that psychologists should attempt to identify the fundamental elements of mental experience. Dr. Leleux associates himself with the school of

functionalism

A synapse is a:

gap

As an emergency room nurse, elan knows that accidents where the ___ is damaged are often terminal, because it is the brain area responsible for life-sustaining processes.

hindbrain

Contained within the central nervous system, the ____ ultimately controls the pituitary gland of the endocrine system.

hypothalamus

Which consequence may result from continued use of ecstasy?

impaired planning and attention

Difficulty falling or staying asleep is referred to as:

insomnia

Ohana is asked to engage in effortful reflection of her sensations, thoughts, and feelings in response to a stimulus. This procedure is known as:

introspection

Ricardo is concerned he might be color blind. He goes to visit the optometrist, who shows him the:

isihara test

Which statement describes a shortcoming of trichromatic theory? It doesn't explain how we perceive colors other than red, blue, and green. It doesn't adequately explain afterimages. It doesn't explain color deficiency. It doesn't explain how colors is processed in the retina.

it doesn't adequately explain afterimages

Mandy, the deaf musician knows exactly where to put her hands on the ukulele without looking because of her sense of

kinesthesia

Mandy Harvey is able to walk gracefully among her audience without tripping or bumping into them because of her ___ sense.

kinesthetic

If Juan were to correctly explain the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable in a presentation to his class, he would say, " in an experiment, the independent variable is ___, and the dependent variable is ____."

manipulated, measured

In an experiment, the dependent variable is:

measured by the researcher

In 1861, Wilhelm Wundt used an apparatus with a swinging pendulum that would hit a bell. Wundt would ask people to report the position of the pendulum when they heard the bell. He discovered that there was a slight delay between when the bell was heard and when the person noted the position of the pendulum, indicating one of the first measures of:

mental processes

Ronaldo has been addicted to ___ for more than two years, and the drug has taken its toll on his appearance, making him lose weight and causing him to look as though he aged significantly.

methamphetamines

___ is believed to result from the loss of a specific type of neuron that regulates sleep wake patterns. The symptoms are explained by the occurrence of ___ sleep in the midst of wakefulness.

narcolepsy; REM

As part of her research in graduate school, Janice wants to examine children's play in a realistic setting. She decides to watch groups of children as they play at the playground and note whether boys or girls tend to engage in more risky behavior on a particular piece of equipment. What kind of descriptive research is Janice conducting?

naturalistic observation

Identical twins anais and Sam, who were separated from each other at birth and raised in different households, have some similar and some different characteristics. The characteristics that are similar are likely due to ___ factors, whereas the characteristics that are different are likely due to ___ factors.

nature, nurture

Following surgery, Christina's brain reorganized itself and established new connections. Christina's brain demonstrated:

neuroplasticity

The chemicals that relay signals across the synapses between neurons are called:

neurotransmitters

Dr. O'Connor is telling his participants before he begins the experiment that their participation is completely voluntary and that they can stop talking part at any time. Dr O'Connor is:

obtaining informed consent

Visual feature detectors are found in the brains ___ lobe.

occipital

___ creates on and off switches for individual brain cells. Scientists can observe what happens when cells are manipulated

optogenetics

The ____ marks the boundary between the middle ear and the inner ear.

oval window

Jay is a graduate teaching assistant for an introductory course in psychology. The course instructor has offered to let jay spend 15 minutes teaching her class about the nervous system. She has asked jay to organize a presentation from the most broad to the most specific systems within the nervous system. Which order of information would jay to meet the instructors expectation?

peripheral, autonomic, sympathetic

___ was an early approach to explaining the functions of the brain by trying to link the physical structure of the skull with a variety of characteristics.

phrenology

If the endocrine system had a chief executive officer it would be the ___ gland

pituitary

Pedro flips a coin to determine which participants will be in the control group of his experiment and which will be in the experimental group. Pedro is using:

random assignment

Dr. Inyang is an optometrist specializing in patients with color blindness. She believes that some people have a deficiency in cone types that are:

red, blue, and green

Christina was suffering from Rasmussen encephalitis. In order to stop the seizures, Christina's doctor suggested a hemispherectomy.. this operation would:

remove nearly half of Christina's brain

Within the eye, the ____ is the final destination for light waves.

retina

Mario woke up in the middle of the night. Even though his room was dark, his ___ are very sensitive to even small amounts of light and allowed him to see the outlines of the objects on his nightstand.

rods

The efficient use of ___ is known as the cocktail party effect.

selective attention

As Brandon is engaging in battle in Iraq, ____ neurons are receiving auditory and visual information and carrying this information to his brain.

sensory

Physical exercise may boost ___ in the brain, leading to improved mood

serotonin

Jasmine is with her friends at a bar where the music is very loud. Later, she sees that she missed a call from her partner. ____ explains how the loud environment played a role in why she didn't hear the phone

signal detection theory

Manuel is an emergency room nurse. He must be able to overcome the background noise and other distractions in order to notice when one of his patients needs help. ___ explains how these factors can hinder Manuel's ability to do his job.

signal detection theory

Many times each night, Claire's upper airway closed and her breathing stops for 10-15 seconds. She wakes, gasping. Claire exhibits:

sleep apnea

The ___ nervous system includes sensory nerves and motor nerves.

somatic

Ian's arms and legs were paralyzed in a diving accident. Through technology he can now manipulate objects with both his wrists and his fingers. The brain-computer interface reads his thoughts about hand movement and turns them into action. The technology is acting as a simplified version of

spinal cord

Djuan is taking a cartooning class. He draws a series of 50 stick figures in successive walking poses, one on each page of his notebook. When he flips these pages in rapid succession he sees:

stroboscopic motion

The ___ of the hypothalamus is responsible for sending messages about light to the rest of the hypothalamus and the reticular formation.

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Automatic processing is defined as:

taking in information with little or no conscious effort.

Which statement indicates a negative correlation? As peoples level of attractiveness decreases, their happiness levels decrease. The more people eat, the more they weigh. The more money people make, the less stressed they tend to be. As peoples education level increases, their income level increases. The more money people make, the less stressed they tend to be.

the more money people make, the less stressed they tend to be

Researchers consistently report a positive correlation between exposure to violence in the media and aggressive behavior. It is possible that the two variables caused each other, but it is also possible that a ____ variable actually influences both exposure to violence and aggressive behavior.

third

Beth plays the lowest note on her ukulele, a middle C. Penny plays the same volume on a harp. In this instance the difference between the sound of the two instruments is due to a difference in:

timbre

People see what they expect to see. Therefore, a perceptual set is an example of a ___ influence on perception.

top-down

Receptor cells detect stimuli through:

transduction

Functionalism was an early school of psychology that sought to:

understand the purpose of the mind

Which early psychologist believed that psychology should restrict itself to the study of observable behaviors?

watson

With regard to the psychology of emotion, William James would be interested in the:

ways in which emotions aid our adaptations with emotion