Test 2 1302

W.E.B. Dubois

One of Washington's harshest critics, believing that Washington's pacifist plan would only perpetuate the second-class-citizen mindset. He than felt as if he had to immediate "ceaseless agitation" was the only way to truly attain equal rights. As editor of the black publication "The Crisis," he published his disdain for Washington and was instrumental in the creation of the "Niagara Movement," which later became the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). He eventually grew weary of the slow pace of racial equality in the United States and renounced his citizenship and moved to Ghana in 1961, where he died two years later. Served as important role models for later leaders of the civil rights movement.

Versailles

The treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied Powers in 1920 after the end of World War 1 which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat in 1915. In the Lusitania people died and of those people 128 were Americans citizens. The sinking of Lusitania didn't directly cause the United States to enter the war. It did, however, fuel virulent anti-German sentiment in Britain and the United States and hinder diplomatic relations between Germany and the United States. They justified their decision to attack passenger and merchant ships by noting the British policy of transporting war munitions across the Atlantic on merchant vessels.

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African Americans were blooming their social thought and culture. Expressing themselves with visual art, dance, music,theater, literature, history and politics. They thought instead of suing direct political means African American artists employed culture to work for goals of civil rights and equality. African American paintings and writings became absorbed into mainstream culture and crossed racial lines, in creating a legacy.

Alvin York

Alvin C. York was a blacksmith who was drafted into the army during WWI. While serving in the 82nd Infantry Division, he took command and captured a total of 132 German soldiers. York was promoted to the rank of sergeant and received the Medal of Honor. York became one of the most decorated United States Army soldiers of World War I. He received the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest, taking at least one machine gun, killing at least 25 enemy soldiers.

Zimmerman Telegram

Arthur Zimmermann a German foreign secretary established the Zimmermann Telegram to give a message on Mexico to join in a coming early against the United States. In promising to help it recover territory lost in the Mexican War. ya

Selective Service Act

Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which Wilson signed into law in 1917. The act required all men in the U.S. between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for military service. Within a few months, some 10 million men across the country had registered in response to the military draft. It authorized the federal government to expand the armed forces through conscription following the United States' declaration of war on Germany. It was the first time in US history that the country had begun mobilizing an army while still at peace.

Franz Ferdinand

Ferdinand was an Archduke and he was supposed to be the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian empire. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand had an immediate impact on the world because his assassination was the event that sparked World War I. After the lethal incident in Austria-Hungary, the Austro-Hungarian government gave Serbia an ultimatum. Within days, Germany declared war on Russia—Serbia's ally—and invaded France via Belgium, which then caused Britain to declare war on Germany.. This caused countries allied with Austria-Hungary.

Flappers

Flappers of the 1920s were young women known for their energetic freedom, embracing a lifestyle viewed by many at the time as outrageous, immoral or downright dangerous. Now considered the first generation of independent American women, flappers pushed barriers in economic, political and sexual freedom for women. Flappers did what society did not expect from young women. After World War I, the flapper generally represented a lewd and disreputable woman who consistently flouted the conventions of society.

John J. Pershing

He travelled to London and Paris to see how the United States could best support the war. Pershing was the leader of the American Expedtitonary Force (AEF). Meaning where the government began sending armed convoys across the Atlantic. He was very reluctant to put his soldiers under foreign leadership.

Henry C. Lodge

He was the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He was also the leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations.

Committee on Public Information

It was designed to sell the war to America and help convert reluctant citizens. The Committee on Public Information (1917-1919), also known as the CPI or the Creel Committee, was an independent agency of the government of the United States. The Committee on Public Information was a government agency created during World War I to distribute information intended to influence public opinion to inspire support for America's entry in the war. The purpose of the Committee on Public Information was to provide members of the public with information about the war effort and the censorship of anti-war material. The CPI became the US government's propaganda and publicity agency.

American Expeditionary Force

The American Expeditionary Force was the name applied to the American troops serving in Europe during World War I. the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) under General John J. Pershing launched their first major offensive in Europe as an independent army. Their successful campaign was a major turning point in the war for the Allies. The AEF Fought along side the French and British in the last year of the war against Germany. Ultimately, U.S. forces helped to defeat Germany earlier than expected.

League of Nations

The League if Antions was a supranational organization founded as a result of the Treaty i'd Versailles. This helped solve many of the issues that arises after World War 1. The League's goals was preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation diplomacy. They also had a goal to improve the global warfare.

Triple Entente

The Triple Entente was a diplomatic and military agreement between France, Great Britain, and Russia, they formed to be apart as a response to the formation of the Triple Alliance. Although it was that Russia, attacked by Austria-Hungary, called on Great Britain and France to enter the war. Throughout the war, Italy deserted its alliance with Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire in order to join the Entente with the UK, France and Russia. In the other hand, The triple entente was stronger than the triple alliance by the agreements made with Japan, the United States and Spain.

Battle of Argonne Forest

The battle of the Argonne Forest called the Battle of the Bulge was a last ditch effort to turn tide of battle in favor of the Germans. The Germans wanted to split the United States, and British forces. The ideas was not only to spite their forces but to split the alliance between them. The Battle of Argonne Forest was part of what became known as the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the last battle of World War I.

Progressivism

The progressivism movement happened in the late 1800's, for its purpose to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. This movement was fought to put an end to corruption in government and business. It also strived to work to have equal rights for women and for the groups left behind in the the industrial revolution. The progressives wanted to bring about reforms that would correct social and political injustices. It believed that logic and reason would make society more efficient and orderly. Some examples of political progressivism is the women's suffrage (19th amendment), the Direct election of Senators (17th amendment) and Local Legislative Reform. Some issues within the progressivism movement is the poor working conditions and the lack of labor regulation, the widespread political corruption, monopolies, and the poverty and the poor public health.

Espionage Act

This Act was passed in 1917 in giving the president the power of censorship and enact penalties on anyone who handed out information about any place connected with the national defense..

Prohibition

This was a period when the manufacturing, distribution, sale and (Speakeasies) when consuming of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United Ststes by the 18th Amendment of the Constitution. However the 18th Amendment was repealed

Warren Harding

Warren G. Harding was a politician and the 29th president of the United States. Harding's campaign for the presidency promised a "return to normalcy." He was elected president on his birthday and inaugurated in 1921, following World War I. Return to normalcy, a return to the way of life before World War I, was United States presidential candidate Warren G. Harding's campaign slogan for the election of 1920. Harding's promise was to return the United States' prewar mentality, without the thought of war tainting the minds of the American people.

Fourteen Points

Was created by President Wilson where the points to help clean up the affects of the war. These 14 points let Germany off easily, which provided to be a vital difference than the Treaty of Versailles.

Booker T. Washington

Washington was a former slave that encouraged blacks to keep to themselves and focus on the daily tasks of survival, rather than leading a grand uprising. Washington believed that building a strong economic base was more critical at that time than planning an uprising or fighting for equal rights. Washington also stated in his famous "Atlanta Compromise" speech in 1895 that blacks had to accept segregation in the short term as they focused on economic gain to achieve political equality in the future. Served as important role models for later leaders of the civil rights movement.

Woodrow Wilson

Wilson was the 28th president of the United States, best known for World War 1 leadership in establishing an activist foreign policy known as "Wilsonianism". During his first term as President Wilson persuaded a Democratic Congress to pass major progressive reforms including the Federal Reverse Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, The Clayton Antitrust Act, and las rebut not least the Federal Farm Loan Act. Woodrow Wilson brought many white Southerners into his administration,and he supported the introduction of segregation into many federal agencies. He was a democrat and the leader of the Progressive Movement. Although Wilson's main goal was to create a new structure of peace.His plan was that he had a 14 point plan that included the league of nations where the world was govern by one group which was the league of nations. However his "Fourteen Points" outlined the settlement of World War 1. Although Wilson was noted racist who segregated the federal government and who praised Birth of Nation.

Sedition Act

and imposed penalties on anyone who used disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the United States government, flag or uniform. The Sedition Act was passed by Congress in 1798, Made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, gauranteed by the First Amednment. Passed in preparation for an anticipated war with France, the Alien and Sedition Acts tightened restrictions on foreign-born Americans. This laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote.