Test 2

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to secondary consumers? Responses 1.5kcal 150kcal 1,500kcal 13,500kcal

150 kcal

Which of the following best explains why terrestrial trophic pyramids usually do not have levels higher than tertiary consumers? Responses Tertiary consumers are the largest organisms in an ecosystem and require the most space to survive. Plants can only perform photosynthesis during the day, so tertiary consumers cannot get enough energy from consuming plants. A large proportion of energy is lost as heat as it is transferred up the pyramid, so there is not enough energy available to support another level. Tertiary consumers are often indicator species and are the first to be affected by environmental disturbances.

A large proportion of energy is lost as heat as it is transferred up the pyramid, so there is not enough energy available to support another level.

Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93,000 kilocalories of plant tissue.Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for secondary consumers in the food chain? A) 930 kilocalories B) 9,300 kilocalories C) 93,000 kilocalories D) 930,000 kilocalories

A) 930 kilocalories

Which of the following best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem? AEnergy is constantly recycled by decomposers for use by producers. B Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer. CEnergy is absorbed by plants through water and soil and then moves up the food chain through consumers .DEnergy is magnified as it moves up the trophic levels, and tertiary consumers store the most energy in a food web.

B Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer.

Which letter correctly identifies a process of the hydrologic cycle in which the phase of water is changed from a liquid to a gas? Responses A B C D

B evaporation

Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93,000 kilocalories of plant tissue.Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for primary consumers in the food chain? A) 930 kilocalories B) 9,300 kilocalories C) 93,000 kilocalories D) 930,000 kilocalories

B) 9300 kilocalories

The table above shows the balanced chemical equations that represent three processes that are part of the nitrogen cycle. Which of the following is exemplified by the equations above? Responses Approximately 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. In a food web, energy flows and matter is cycled. Each biogeochemical cycle demonstrates the conservation of matter. The major reserve for nitrogen is in the atmosphere.

C Each biogeochemical cycle demonstrates the conservation of matter.

Which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem? Responses Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy captured by producers plus the energy used by consumers over time. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy captured by producers minus the energy that producers respire over time. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy lost as heat during energy transfer between trophic levels. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

D

Which letter correctly identifies the part of the hydrologic cycle that is most directly affected by impervious building materials, such as concrete and asphalt? Responses A B C D

D (infiltration)

The diagrams above show an area that was once a pasture that has since undergone changes to the vegetation over time. Which of the following changes in the hydrologic cycle is most likely to occur as a result of the change in vegetation in the area? Responses Increased infiltration Increased runoff Decreased respiration Decreased precipitation

increased infiltration

Which of the following biomes is best characterized as an area that forms the narrow band along the coast that experiences a range of environmental conditions (including changes in sunlight, temperatures, and water?)

intertidal zones

Which of the following major storage reservoirs of carbon, stored in the form of carbon dioxide, is not represented in this diagram? Responses Algae Soil bacteria The Moon The ocean

ocean

Based on the diagram above, which of the following processes reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? Responses Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Decomposition Burning of fossil fuels

photosynthesis

Which of the following categories of organisms, which are required for the cycling of matter in an ecosystem, is missing from the table?

Decomposers

Scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest A has a net primary productivity of 1,650kcal/m2/year, and forest B has a net primary productivity of 1,110kcal/m2/year. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data? Responses Forest A has a higher rate of decomposition by bacteria than forest B. Forest A has more biodiversity than forest B. Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers. Forest A producers have more biomass than forest B producers.

Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers.

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes?

Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water

Based on the data in the table, which of the following pairs of organisms has two ecological relationships, both competition and predation? Responses Spiders and shrews Hawks and snakes Spiders and snakes Spiders and grasshoppers

Hawks and snakes

Where is the majority of fresh water found on Earth?

Ice caps and glaciers

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem? Responses Net primary productivity is the amount of energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time. Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost by producers through respiration over time. Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem. Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers added to the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

According to the diagram, the movement of phosphorus between biological organisms and soil is in a steady state in an undisturbed system. Which of the following best explains the reason for this steady movement? Phosphorus is taken up by plants during photosynthesis to create carbohydrates. A decrease in buffer zones prevents phosphorus runoff in waterways. There is a rapid influx of phosphorus from the weathering of rocks. Readily available organic phosphorus in the soil is assimilated by plants.

Readily available organic phosphorus in the soil is assimilated by plants.

Based on the diagram, which of the following reservoirs contains the most phosphorus? Plants Sediments Soil Oceans

Sediments

Which of the following is the best explanation for why there is such a small amount of phosphorus that moves into aquatic systems? Responses Phosphorus is highly stable in the atmosphere and remains there for long periods of time. The amount of phosphorus in the cycle has been greatly reduced because of the use of catalytic converters in automobiles. There is not a gaseous phase of the phosphorus cycle, and therefore the movement of phosphorus into oceanic reservoirs is very slow. There is not a gaseous phase of the phosphorus cycle, and The phosphorus cycle occurs so rapidly that it does not exist in any one reservoir for a very long time.

There is not a gaseous phase of the phosphorus cycle, and therefore the movement of phosphorus into oceanic reservoirs in very slow

Based on the data in the table, if the number of snakes were to suddenly decrease, which of the following changes would most likely occur in the food web of this ecosystem? A: increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawks B: increase in number of hawks, decrease in number of shrews C: increase in number of grasshoppers, decrease in number of plants D: increase in number of spiders, decrease in number of plants

A: increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawks

Based on the diagram above, which process most directly results in the storage of carbon as coal and oil over millions of years? Responses Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Decomposition Burning of fossil fuels

decomposition