Test 2

When preparing the client for a battery of fitness testing, in order to ensure adequate hydration, how much water should the personal trainer recommend the client consume in the 2 hours before the test?

0.5 L

If the contribution to energy of an individual is 50% from both fat and carbohydrate, what is his or her respiratory quotient (RQ)?

0.85

Clients accustomed to running outdoors will find it easier to run indoors on a treadmill, assuming the running speed is the same, due to the lack of air resistance on a treadmill. A user can set the incline to _____ percent to offset this difference.

1

When submerged under water up to the neck, the body bears what percentage of its dry land mass?

10%

Which of the following heart rates is classified as tachycardia?

101

Approximately how soon after aerobic training is stopped does muscular endurance decrease?

2 weeks

When preparing the client for a battery of fitness testing, the personal trainer should recommend that the client consume a light snack or meal approximately how long before the test?

2-4 hours

It has been estimated that genetic factors account for approximately what percentage of differences between individuals in maximal aerobic capacity?

20-30%

When using a stationary bicycle, the seat height should be adjusted so that there is approximately how much flexion at the knee joint at maximal leg extension (lowest pedal position) when the ball of the foot is on the pedal?

25 degrees

The arm stroke action in the front crawl provides as much as ____________ of the propulsion force needed to move the body through the water.

40%-50%

For resting blood pressure measurements, which of the following is the recommended minimum period of time the client should be in the seated position before a measurement is taken?

5 minutes

Evidence suggests that complications from exercise testing with what frequency?

6 per 10,000

What is the recommended maximum amount of knee flexion that a step height should induce in beginners participating in a step aerobics class?

60

Which of the following would be the most appropriate amount of time following an initial test of strength to schedule a reassessment?

8 weeks

What is the percentage of age-predicted maximum heart rate that the YMCA cycle ergometer test is terminated at?

85%

Which of the following is incorrect regarding arm action while running?

Elbows should be fixed at 90 degrees of flexion.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) and aging?

Females are more likely to develop CVD.

Which of the following is not a recommendation for suspension training?

Foot position should always be a hip-width apart.

Which of the following techniques is recommended for running gait?

Footstrike is achieved through a heel-to-ball rolling action.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding blood lipids?

HDL molecules release cholesterol.

The aerobic training adaptations in fat and carbohydrate metabolism are reflected by which of the following? I. reduced respiratory quotient at fixed submaximal intensity II. reduced respiratory quotient at relative submaximal intensity III. increased respiratory quotient at fixed submaximal intensity IV. increased respiratory quotient at relative submaximal intensity

I and II only I. reduced respiratory quotient at fixed submaximal intensity II. reduced respiratory quotient at relative submaximal intensity

In cold conditions, much of the body's heat is lost through which of the following? I. head II. torso III. upper arms and legs IV. extremities

I and IV only

Which of the following is an example of active stretching? I. The person who is stretching supplies the force. II. A partner provides the force of the stretch. III. A device provides the force of the stretch.

I only

Identification of which of the following conditions linked with sudden cardiac death should warrant a referral for a cardiovascular examination? I. chest pain or discomfort with physical activity II. sedentary lifestyle III. family history of disability from heart disease before age 50 in a close relative IV. excessive exertional dyspnea

I, II, III only

Which of the following is an example of passive stretching? I. The person who is stretching supplies the force. II. A partner provides the force of the stretch. III. A device provides the force of the stretch.

II and III only

Which of the following factors discovered at a preparticipation health appraisal screening reveals a client's risk of coronary artery disease? I. HDL: 33 mg/dl II. family history: uncle died of stroke at age 42 III. blood pressure: 128/78 mmHg; measured twice IV. quit smoking 60 days ago

II only

Which of the following is a recommended sequence of tests that promotes the most accurate results when assessing athletic performance? I. 1RM bench press II. maximum treadmill test III. 40-yd (36.6m) sprint IV. T-test

IV, I, III, II

Which of the following is true regarding using a stability ball during training?

If intensity of exercise is adjusted properly, muscle size increases.

Which of the following is true regarding suspension-training?

If the center of mass is closer to the anchor point, exercise intensity increases.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding flexibility?

Improper resistance training can impair flexibility.

Compared to rest, what changes occur to the concentrations of insulin and glucagon during exercise?

Insulin decreases; glucagon increases.

Which of the following is the equation for cardiac output (Q)?

Q(L/min) = HR (beats/min) x SV (L/beat)

Which of the following is incorrect regarding range of motion and age?

Range of motion cannot be improved in older adults.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding metabolic adaptations to chronic aerobic exercise training?

Reduced reliance on fat for energy during submaximal exercise.

Recommendations for manual resistance exercises include which of the following?

Resistance applied at the distal end of the moving body part is more challenging than if applied more proximally.

What is the most important principle underlying the client consultation?

Screen participants for risk factors.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding stair climber stepping speed?

The faster the stepping rate, the better.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the assumption of risk or waiver?

The legal implications associated with the implementation and execution of the assumption of risk agreement are clear.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the use of stair climbers?

The lower intensity levels are appropriate even for deconditioned individuals.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding single-leg squat and forward step-down tests?

The number of repetitions preformed are used to score the test.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the use of a rowing machine?

The risk for local muscular fatigue is high.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding standard error of measurement?

The true score is a real, measurable score.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding body-weight training?

These types of exercises can allow clients to achieve maximal power adaptations.

Which of the following is true about manual resistance training exercises?

They allow personal trainers to apply varying amounts of resistance during exercise

Which of the following is incorrect regarding postural alignment and movement assessments?

They are objective to nature

Which of the following is incorrect regarding individuals with type II diabetes?

They require insulin injections.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding stress and CVD?

Type B behavior patterns may contribute to the overall risk for developing CVD.

Which of the following represents the Fick equation?

VO2 (L/min) = Q x a-vO2 difference

Which of the following is incorrect regarding bone adaptations following chronic aerobic exercise training?

Walking is as effective as running at preventing bone loss

Which of the following is incorrect about warm-ups?

Warm-ups raise the total body temperature, but not that of the muscles themselves.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding sex differences to physiological changes resulting from aerobic exercise?

Women show smaller relative adaptations

Which of the following is incorrect regarding cardiovascular adaptation to aerobic exercise?

Blood volume increases

Guidelines for stability ball training include all of the following except

Correctly sizing the ball by ensuring that the client's knees are slightly below parallel when seated.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the T-test?

Crossing of the feet during the shuffle is allowed

Which of the following is said to be a direct measure of body fatness?

autopsy

If an expert has determined that a test covers all of the topics that it should, it is said to have which of the following?

content validity

If a field test has been determined to be statistically comparable to a laboratory test that requires expensive equipment, it is said to have which of the following?

criterion-referenced validity

Which of the following is incorrect regarding skeletal muscle adaptations to chronic aerobic exercise training?

decreased intramuscular glycogen stores

Which of the following is incorrect regarding cortisol?

decreases with high-intensity exercise

Which of the following is not directly linked to over consumption of certain foods or nutrients?

degenerative bone disease

Which of the following is true for the 1-mile run test?

developed for children aged 6-17 years

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the Rockport Walking Test?

does not require heart rate measurements

All of the following are appropriate activities to use as a warm-up except ______________.

dynamic flexibility stretches

If a test appears to measure what it is supposed to measure, it is said to have which of the following?

face validity

"The ability of a joint to move freely through the full normal range of motion (ROM)" defines which of the following?

flexibility

Which of the following terms is used to refer to the range of motion around a joint or a series of joints?

flexibility

Which of the following is incorrect regarding endocrine responses at a fixed absolute intensity following chronic aerobic exercises training?

glucagon increases

The use of stability balls has _________ and is used in ________ settings.

increased; numerous

Which of the following is incorrect regarding bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)?

invasive

Which of the following orthopedic conditions will not require medical clearance in most cases?

low back pain

Which of the following is not part of a formative evaluation?

made upon completion of a training period

Which of the following is incorrect regarding age differences in maximal aerobic power?

maximal aerobic power substantially decreases in the fifth and sixth decade even when training is maintained.

The YMCA cycle ergometer test is a _______________. The Åstrand-Rhyming Cycle Ergometer Test is a _________________.

multi-stage test; single-stage test

Which of the following is incorrect regarding exercise at high intensities?

pH increases

"An attribute or exposure that is associated with an increased probability of a specified outcome, such as the occurrence of a disease" is the definition of ________________.

positive risk factor

Which of the following are the components of the RAMP protocol?

raise, activate and mobilize, and potentiation.

Which of the following is not typically lower on a semirecumbent bike than on an upright bike?

recommended cadence

Which of the following increases during an aerobic exercise bout?

respiratory exchange rate

Which of the following decreases with aerobic endurance overreaching or overtraining?

resting and maximal heart rate

During the finish phase of using the rowing machine, the handle should be pulled into which part of the client's body?

shoulders

Which of the following devices do not typically require calibration?

stopwatches

Which of the following increases during submaximal exercise as a chronic adaption to aerobic exercise?

stroke volume

Which of the following describes adaptations to pulmonary ventilation at submaximal and maximal intensities as a chronic adaptation to aerobic exercise?

submaximal decrease; maximal increase

All of the following skinfold sites are appropriate for performing a three-site skinfold for a 45-year-old male client except

suprailium

If a client performs the same test twice in succession with the same individual conducting the test, and the scores are vastly different, the test is said to be low in which of the following?

test-retest reliability

Which of the following is incorrect regarding multiple-repetition maximum bench press testing?

A 1RM value cannot be estimated from multiple-repetition maximum testing.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)?

A personal trainer does not need to follow HIPAA protocols.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding vital signs?

A personal trainer will only measure them in the rested state.

Which of the following programs are likely to be recommended by a physician for a person who has limitations or preexisting conditions that would restrict involvement but not limit participation?

A supervised program.

According to the guidelines, which of the following is true regarding a warm-up?

Intensity is dependent on fitness level.

Which of the following is true regarding group indoor cycling?

It is recommended that beginners develop a good baseline level of conditioning before starting a cycling class.

An advantage of a specific warm-up is which of the following?

It is targeted at increasing the temperature of the muscles that will be used in subsequent activity.

Which of the following is a limitation of the stationary bike?

Local muscular fatigue can reduce cardiovascular stimulus.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding glucose control and aerobic exercise?

Long-term improved glucose control is a consequence of chronic adaptation to muscle tissue function

Which of the following is incorrect regarding lifestyle questionnaires?

Most are developed for the apparently healthy as well as those with existing health conditions.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding gathering baseline data?

Personal trainers should conduct all tests available to them.

Which of the following is true regarding the 12-minute run/walk test?

based on total distance traveled

When conducting a lifestyle evaluation, evidence shows a strong relationship between diet, physical activity levels, stress management, and __________________.

behavioral patterns