Test 2 - POM
b A firm will work with a customer to design the product, and then make it from purchased materials, parts, and components. This firm is called:
An engineer to order firm
You have just been assigned to oversee a series of projects. Functional areas will loan you personnel for each project and separate project managers will be responsible for separate projects. These project managers will report to you. Which project management structure is being used?
Matrix Project
An event unit package is a subdivision of a project.
False
The admissions system in a hospital for patients is an example of a single channel, single phase queuing system.
False
The assembly-line balancing procedure determines the precedence relationships of manufacturing tasks.
False
The closer the customer is to the customer order decoupling point the longer it takes the customer to receive the product.
False
The service blueprint makes a distinction between:
High and low customer contact aspects of the service
In the service-system design matrix, an internet and on-site technology service encounter is expected to have which of the following?
High production efficiency
According to Little's Law, which of the following ratios is used to find throughput rate?
Inventory /Flow time
A listing of immediate predecessor activities is important information in a CPM analysis for which of the following reasons?
It specifies the relationships in the CPM network of activities
Which of the following is not a queue discipline discussed in the textbook?
Last in, first out
A series of projects that are organized in such a way that each project utilizes people from different functional areas is using which of the following organizational structures?
Matrix project
Buying a ticket for a college football game where there are multiple windows to buy the ticket at features which type of queuing system line structure?
Multichannel, single phase
Buying food at a large food store with multiple checkout counters features which type of queuing system line structure?
Multichannel, single phase
The first step in balancing an assembly line is to specify the precedence relationships among tasks to be performed on the line.
True
The focus in the make-to-stock environment is on providing finished goods where and when the customers want them. Dell computers
True
Which of the following basic types of process structures is one which similar equipment or functions are grouped together?
Workcenter
A matrix project structure is often referred to as a "skunkworks."
False - A pure project is skunkworks
There are different queuing models to fit different queuing situations.
True
If the sum of the task times required to produce a product is 80 minutes and the cycle time for the same product is 15 minutes, the theoretical minimum number of workstations is 8 using the assembly-line balancing procedure.
False
In a CPM analysis if you subtract the late finish from the early finish the result is the activity's slack time.
False
In the service-system design matrix, a mail contact service encounter is expected to have which of the following?
Low sales opportunity
Which of the following are alternative possible service encounters included in the Service-System Design Matrix?
Mail contact
In CPM analysis it is generally expected that the relationship between activity direct costs and project indirect costs will be which of the following?
Negatively related
In a project analysis using three time estimates with more than one critical path existing, how does the project manager decide which variances to use in arriving at the probability of meeting the project due date?
The project manager uses the largest variances in order to understate the probability of on-time completion
In CPM the late start time estimate is the latest time you can start an activity and still keep the entire project on schedule.
True
In designing a production layout a flexible line layout might have the shape of a "U".
True
In the Time-Cost CPM model, cost is assumed to be a linear function of time.
True
It is difficult to separate the operations management functions from marketing in services.
True
One of the assumptions made using CPM is that project activity sequence relationships can be specified and networked.
True
One trade-off illustrated by the product-process matrix is between flexibility and cost.
True
Services often take the form of repeated encounters involving face-to-face interactions.
True
Upper level management must decide between pure, functional, and matrix structures as ways to organize projects.
True
Using the Time-Cost CPM model, the crash time is the shortest possible time allowed for each activity in the project.
True
Workstation cycle time is the time between successive units coming off the end of the assembly line.
True
Using the assembly-line balancing procedure, which of the following is the required cycle time if the production time in minutes per day is 1440 and the required output per day in units is 2000?
0.72 Mins / Units
The critical path in a CPM analysis is always the shortest path through the network.
False
Slack activity time is the difference between the early start and the late finish of a project activity time.
False - late and early start
Process selection refers to the strategic decision of choosing the volume of output to produce in a manufacturing facility depending upon the way that facility produces.
False - likely not on there change of words response.
In a practical sense, a finite population is one that potentially would form a very long line in relation to the capacity of the serving system.
False - limited size customer pool
In a waiting line situation, multiple lines occur only when there are multiple servers.
False - multiple lines refers to the single lines that form in front of two or more servers or to single lines that converge at some central redistribution point.
The essential issue in satisfying customers in the make-to-stock environment is to balance the cost of the finished item against the willingness of the consumer to pay for it.
False - rather balance the level of finished inventory against the level of service to the customer.
The customer arrivals in a queuing system come almost exclusively from finite populations.
False - they come from a finite or an infinite population
The time needed to respond to a customer's order is called the customer response time.
False - this is the lead time
In the service-system design matrix, a face-to-face total customization service encounter is expected to have which of the following?
Low production efficiency
The term "assembly line" refers to progressive assembly linked by some material handling device.
True
The term "encounter" is defined by Webster's Dictionary as "meeting in conflict or battle" and is used to also designate meetings between consumers and service systems.
True
The volume requirements for the product are one determinant of the choice of which process structure to select.
True
If the sum of the task times required to produce a product is 45 minutes and the cycle time for the same product is 10 minutes. Thus, the theoretical minimum number of workstations is 5 using the assembly-line balancing procedure.
True 45 minutes / 10 minutes = 4.5, round up to 5.
In a practical sense, an infinite queue is one that includes every possible member of the served population.
False - +/- people won't affect the system.
A tellers' window in a bank is an example of a single channel, multiphase queuing system.
False - Multichannel, single phase.
The critical path of activities in a project is the sequence of activities that form the shortest chain in a project network of activities.
False - This is the longest chain
The valuations in an Earned Value Management analysis must be either profits or revenue.
False - can also be based upon costs.
One of the disadvantages of a pure project organizational structure is that the project manager has full authority over the project.
False - this is an advantage
A process map shows the physical location of the various processes within a supply chain.
False - this is rather the make-to-stock process map
The term "queue discipline" involves the art of controlling surly and unruly customers who have become irritated by waiting.
False -priority rule or set of rules for determining the order of service to customers in a waiting line.
Machine breakdown and repair in a twelve machine factory having one repair mechanic would develop which type of queuing system line structure concerning machine breakdowns?
Multichannel, single phase
Standing in line to buy a ticket for a movie where there are multiple windows to buy tickets is which type of queuing system line structure?
Multichannel, single phase
PERT is an abbreviation for which of the following methodologies?
Program Evaluation and Review Technique
Getting an autograph from a famous person might involve standing in which type of queuing line structure?
Single channel, single phase
An example of an assemble-to-order firm is Dell Computer.
True - these customers can have options, since they do have these options in inventory.
Which of the following refers to the physical presence of the customer in a service system?
Customer contact
Which of the following is not a suggestion for managing queues presented in the textbook?
Determine an acceptable waiting time for your customers
Which of the following is not a step in developing a manufacturing cell layout?
Disposing of left-over machinery and outsourcing ungrouped processes
You have collected the data for a Time-Cost CPM Scheduling model analysis. The time is in days and the project "direct costs" are given below. The indirect costs for the project are determined on a daily duration basis. If the project lasts 16 days the total indirect costs are $400, 15 days they will be $250, 14 days they will be $200, and 13 days they will be $100. If you crash this project by one day what is the total (i.e., direct and indirect) project cost?
$2,150
You have the following time and cost information below for use in a Time-Cost CPM Scheduling model. What are the three costs per unit of time to expedite each activity?
(Crash cost - Normal cost) / (Normal time - Crash time) = Cost per unit of time A=$200, B=$300, C=$400
For an infinite queuing situation, if the arrival rate for loading trucks is 5 trucks per hour, what is the mean time between arrivals?
0.2 hours
In balancing an assembly line, workstation cycle time has to be less than the time between successive units coming off the end of the line.
False
Little's law states that supply chain processes can be regarded as unrelated and thus treated and analyzed separately.
False
Poka-Yoke is roughly translated from Japanese as "Quality Management."
False
The "service blueprint" is a classification of services.
False
The customer arrivals in a queuing system come almost exclusively from infinite populations.
False
The demand on a hospital's emergency medical services is considered a controllable arrival pattern of the calling population.
False
The efficiency of an assembly-line is found by a ratio of the sum of all task times divided by the cycle time.
False
The second step in managing a project is writing the Statement of Work.
False
The service-system design matrix identifies five alternative forms of service encounters.
False
The work process involved in providing the service must involve the physical presence of the customer in the system.
False
When reducing the planned duration of a project using the Time-Cost CPM model we select the activity to crash by determining the cost of each alternative and selecting the one whose cost is the greatest.
False
Work center layouts allocate dissimilar machines into cells to work on products that have dissimilar processing requirements.
False
You are managing a project and need to cut the cost of the project. You decide to transfer workers to another job to cut the project's costs. Costs associated with transferring the workers are an example of project indirect costs.
False
Which of the following is an alternative possible service encounter included in the service-system design matrix?
Internet
Which of the following is an example of a finite population in a queuing system?
The departmental faculty in line at the copy machine.
A project milestone is a specific event to be reached by a particular point in time.
True
A variable arrival rate is more common in waiting line management than a constant arrival rate.
True
An important aspect of service products is that they cannot be inventoried.
True
CPM is an abbreviation for Critical Path Method.
True
Complex projects are often subdivided into a series of tasks that are typically configured to be not longer than several months in duration.
True
Derivative projects are those which address incremental changes to products or processes.
True
Earned Value Management (EVM) has the capability to combine measurements of scope, schedule, and cost in a project.
True
Earned Value Management (EVM) is a technique for measuring project progress in an objective manner.
True
Engineer-to-order firms will work with the customer to design the product, and then make it from purchased materials, parts, and components.
True
In a CPM analysis if you subtract the early start from the late start the result is the activity's slack time.
True
In assembly-line balancing the theoretical minimum number of workstations is found by a ratio of the sum of all task times divided by the cycle time.
True
Longest waiting time in line is a queue discipline discussed in the textbook.
True
One difference between an assembly line process flow and a continuous process flow is that on the assembly line the flow is discrete rather than continuous.
True
One of the advantages of a functional project organizational structure is that a team member can work on several projects.
True
One of the assumptions made using CPM is that project activities can be identified with clear beginning and ending points.
True
Poka-Yoke is roughly translated from Japanese as "Avoid Mistakes."
True
Poka-Yokes are procedures that block the inevitable mistake from becoming a service defect.
True
Process selection refers to the strategic decision of selecting which kind of production processes to use to produce a product or provide a service.
True
Project management can be defined as planning, directing, and controlling resources to meet the technical, cost, and time constraints of the project.
True
Project management software available today combines CPM and other scheduling aids, like Gantt charting, to aid in tracking progress of project completion.
True
The Gantt chart is an example of a project control chart.
True
The Poisson probability distribution is used in waiting line management when we are interested in the number of arrivals to a queue during some fixed time period.
True
The activity direct costs associated with a project might include giving workers overtime to complete a project in less than the expected time.
True
The central problem in virtually every waiting line situation is a trade-off decision balancing the costs of adding services with the costs of waiting.
True
The closer the customer is to the customer order decoupling point the more quickly the customer receives the product.
True
The critical path in a CPM analysis is found by locating the activities times with zero slack.
True
The critical path in a project is that sequence of activities that consume the longest amount of time in a project network of activities.
True
The demand on a hospital's emergency medical services is considered an uncontrollable arrival pattern of the calling population.
True
The essential issue in satisfying customers in the make-to-stock environment is to balance the level of finished inventory against the level of service to the customer.
True
The fact that organizations are flattening is one of the reasons that project management is important.
True
The product-process matrix shows the relationship between process structures and product volume and variety characteristics.
True
The project indirect costs associated with a project include overhead, facilities, and resource opportunity costs.
True
The service-system design matrix identifies six forms of service encounters.
True
A project can be subdivided into which of the following?
Work packages
Which of the following is not considered a major work flow structure?
Fabrication
A finite population in waiting line management refers to a population that is large enough in relation to the service system so that the change in population size caused by subtraction or additions to the population does not significantly affect the system probabilities.
False
Arrival characteristics in a queuing problem analysis include the length of the queue.
False
Because little or no inventory is carried in a service operation, it is easy to separate the operations management functions from marketing in services.
False
Best customer last is a queue discipline discussed in the textbook.
False
Breakthrough projects are those that provide fundamental improvements to existing products.
False
Calculating the early start and early finish times for each activity in a CPM analysis does not provide any useful information.
False
Customer contact refers to creation of the service.
False
Effective management of services requires a clear focus on understanding operations, so much so, that it may even require the exclusion of consideration of marketing or personnel.
False
Gas stations, loading docks, and parking lots have infinite potential length of lines for their respective queuing systems.
False
Every service has a service package, which is defined as a bundle of goods and services provided in some environment. The service package consists of five features. Which of the following is not one of these features?
Facilitating services
A constant arrival rate is more common in productive systems than a variable arrival rate.
False
A continuous process indicates production of discrete parts moving from workstation to workstation at a controlled rate.
False
A disadvantage of a matrix project organizational structure is that a project manager is held responsible for successful completion of the project.
False
Which of the following is considered a high-contact service operation?
Physician practice
Which of the following is not a basic type of process structure?
Product-process matrix
You have just determined the actual number of workstations that will be used on an assembly line to be 8 using the assembly-line balancing procedure. The cycle time of the line is 10 minutes and the sum of all that tasks required on the line is 60 minutes. Which of the following is the correct value for the resulting line's efficiency?
0.750 6.5, [60 / (8 x 10)] = 0.750.
Using CPM, what is the Latest Finish Time for the last activity in this project (i.e., the total time to complete the project)? A None 3 B A 2 C A 1 D B and C 3 E D 4
12 days
What is a work breakdown structure?
A definition of the hierarchy of project tasks, subtasks, and work packages
A project starts out as which of the following?
A statement of work
Some of the advantages of a functional project where the project is housed in a functional division include which of the following?
A team member can work on several projects
A simple project listing of five activities and their respective time estimates are presented below: Activity Immediate Producer Time in Days A None 1 B A 2 C A 1 D B and C 3 E D 2 Using CPM, which activities make up the critical path?
A, B, D, E
Which activités have slack?
C - no immediate and 1 time in days
A company must perform a maintenance project consisting of seven activities. The activities, their predecessors, and their respective time estimates are presented below: Using CPM, which activities have slack in this project?
C, E
You are looking at a chart that has the terms BCWS, BCWP, and AC indicating lines on the chart. What kind of chart are you looking at?
EVM Chart
What does "EVM" stand for?
Earned Value Management-a technique for measuring project progress objectively.
Which following queue discipline is discussed in the textbook?
Emergencies first
There are many applications of poka-yokes in service organizations. Which of the following is one of the three-T's used to classify poka-yokes?
Task
For an activity in a CPM analysis the Early Finish time is 20 and the Late Finish time is 20. Which of the following statements is true?
The activity is on the critical path
The "line of visibility" is a feature of:
The service blueprint
Below are the data for a Time-Cost CPM Scheduling model analysis. The time is in days and the costs include both direct and indirect costs. If you crash this project to reduce the total time by one day what is the total time of the project and total cost?
Total time is 11 days, total cost is $1850
Below are the data for a Time-Cost CPM Scheduling model analysis. The time is in days and the costs include both direct and indirect costs. What are the total time of this project and total normal cost?
Total time is 12 days, total cost is $1700
There are many applications of poka-yokes in service organizations. Which of the following is one of the three-T's used to classify poka-yokes?
Treatment
a A firm fills its customer's orders from finished goods inventory. It is a:
Make to stock firm
Little's law can be thought of as a relationship between units and time.
True
You have just determined the actual number of workstations that will be used on an assembly line to be 6 using the assembly-line balancing procedure. The cycle time of the line is 5 minutes and the sum of all that tasks required on the line is 25 minutes. Which of the following is the correct value for the resulting line's efficiency?
0.833 6.5, [25 / (6 x 5)] = 0.833.
A company must perform a maintenance project consisting of seven activities. The activities, their predecessors, and their respective time estimates are presented below: Using CPM, what is the Latest Finish Time for the last activity in this project (i.e., the total time to complete the project)?
11 dayss
Using the assembly-line balancing procedure, which of the following is the theoretical minimum number of workstations if the task times for the six tasks that make up the job are 4, 6, 7, 2, 6, and 5 minutes, and the cycle time is 10 minutes?
3 (4 + 6 + 7 + 2 + 6 + 5) / 10 = 3.
Using the assembly-line balancing procedure, which of the following is the required cycle time in minutes per unit if the daily production time is 480 minutes and the required daily output is 50 units?
9.6
A company must perform a maintenance project consisting of seven activities. The activities, their predecessors, and their respective time estimates are presented below: Using CPM, which activities make up the critical path?
A, B, D, F, G
A service system with a high degree of customer contact is less difficult to control than a low degree of customer contact service system.
False
c Which of these expressions is Little's Law?
All of the above Inventory/Flow time = Throughput rate: Inventory/Throughput Rate = Flow time Inventory = Throughput rate × Flow time Throughput Rate/Inventory = 1/Flow Time
Which of the following basic types of process structures is one which equipment or work processes are arranged according to the progressive steps by which the product is made?
Assembly line
A work breakdown structure is used in project management but it is not used when the critical path method is involved.
False
Which of the following is a graphic project report used in project management?
Cost and performance tracking schedule
A make-to-order firm will work with the customer to design the product, and then make it from purchased materials, parts, and components.
False - Firms that make the customer's product from raw materials, parts, and components are make-to-order firms.
A company is concerned about the number of customers that have to wait for service in their customer service department. Assume the rate at which customers arrive is 12 per hour. Using the infinite queuing notion for the models presented in the textbook, which of the following is the mean time between arrivals?
None of these Arrival rate = 1 / 12 = 0.0833 hours or 5 minutes.
Which of the following is not a suggestion for managing queues presented in the textbook?
Periodically close the service channel to temporarily disperse the line
Which of the following is a suggestion for managing queues that is mentioned in the textbook?
Segment the customers
Which of the following is a characteristic that can be used to guide the design of service systems?
Services cannot be inventoried
In a college registration process, several department heads have to approve an individual student's semester course load. What is the queuing system line structure?
Single channel, multiphase
A roller coaster ride in an amusement park employs which type of queuing system line structure?
Single channel, single phase
For an activity in a CPM analysis, the Early Start time is 8 and the Late Start time is 10. Which of the following statements is true?
The slack for this activity is 2
Which of the following are the three major components of a queuing system?
The source population and the way customers arrive at the system, the serving systems, and how customers exit the system.
According to Little's Law, which of the following can be used to estimate work-in-process inventory?
Throughput rate times Flow time
In a Gantt chart the horizontal axis is usually which of the following?
Time
A department of 25 machines is kept running by three operators who respond to randomly occurring equipment problems. When an operator is absent, the amount of production being lost by machines waiting for service increases. The analyst can use queuing theory analysis to determine whether to pay overtime to an operator from a different shift or not.
True
A high-level map or diagram of a supply chain process can be useful to understand how material flows and where inventory is held.
True
A matrix project attempts to blend properties of functional and pure project structures.
True
An infinite population in waiting line management refers to a population that is large enough in relation to the service system so that the change in population size caused by subtraction or additions to the population does not significantly affect the system probabilities.
True
Assembling-to-order means moving the customer order decoupling point from finished goods to components.
True
Using the assembly-line balancing procedure, which of the following is the theoretical minimum number of workstations if the task times for the eight tasks that make up the job are 7, 4, 7, 8, 9, 4, 3, and 6 minutes, and the cycle time is 8 minutes?
6 (7 + 4 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 4 + 3 + 6) / 8 = 6.
You have collected the data for a Time-Cost CPM Scheduling model analysis. The time is in days and the project "direct costs" are given below. The indirect costs for the project are determined on a daily duration basis. If the project lasts 16 days the total indirect costs are $400, 15 days they will be $250, 14 days they will be $200, and 13 days they will be $100. At what day do we achieve the lowest total project cost (i.e., direct plus indirect costs)?
15 days
The placement of which of the following is not determined by production process organization decisions?
Emergency exits
An advantage of a pure project where self-contained teams work full time on a project is which of the following?
Lines of communication are shortened
In the service-system design matrix, a face-to-face loose specs service encounter is expected to have which of the following?
Low production efficiency
You have been placed in charge of a large project. Shortened communication lines are required to ensure quick resolution of problems as they arise. You recognize that the project is going to take a lot of time and require a lot of team pride, motivation, and commitment by all members. Which project management structure should you use in this situation?
Pure Project
When balancing an assembly line, which of the following is not a way to reduce the longest task time below the required workstation cycle time?
Speed up the assembly line transfer mechanism
A difference between project and continuous flow categories of process flow structures is which two of the following?
The size and bulk of the product
A car wash is an example of a single channel, multiphase queuing system.
True
A department of 25 machines is kept running by three operators who respond to randomly occurring equipment problems. An analyst wanting to know whether to add a fourth operator or downsize to two operators would be helped by using queuing theory analysis.
True
A department of 25 machines is kept running by three operators who respond to randomly occurring equipment problems. An analyst who wanted to know how much production was being lost by machines waiting for service could use queuing theory analysis to find out.
True
Highest-profit customer first is a queue discipline discussed in the textbook.
True
Ideally in waiting line or queuing analysis we want to balance the cost of service capacity with the cost of waiting.
True
In essence, a queuing system includes several major components. Which of the following is not one of them?
The queue discipline
Which of the following is a suggestion for managing queues presented in the textbook?
Train your servers to be friendly
A project layout is characterized by a high degree of task ordering.
True
A project layout is characterized by a relatively low number of units produced in comparison with process and product layout formats.
True
Which of the following is a basic type of process structure?
Workcenter
You have just performed a CPM analysis and have found that more than one path through the project network has zero slack values. What can you conclude?
You have multiple critical paths
You know when you have arrived at the optimal solution in using the Time-Cost CPM Scheduling model analysis when what happens?
You have reached the minimum total cost
Assume the service rate for a queue in a truck-loading operation is 2 trucks per hour. Using the infinite queuing notion for the models presented in the textbook, which of the following is the average service time?
0.5 hours
The major goal of Critical Path analysis is to:
To determine when each activity in the project should be scheduled
Below are the data for a Time-Cost CPM Scheduling analysis. The time is in days and the costs include both direct and indirect costs. If you crash this project to reduce the total time by four days, what is the total time of the project and total cost?
Total time is 8 days, total cost is $2750
For the purposes of assembly-line balancing, the required workstation cycle time is found by dividing production time per day by the required units of output per day.
True