Test 2 Review
If A -> B -> C -> D -> E represents a metabolic pathway, then letter E would be
A product
The location in which the enzyme and substrate complexes is called the
Active Site
When a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration while using energy, the process is termed
Active transport.
What type of cellular junction is a desmosome?
Adhesion Junction
The part of a transfer RNA molecule that binds to the codon is the
Anticodon
Which of the following statements is not true concerning enzymatic activity?
As the temperature increases, most enzymatic reactions will still proceed at the same rate.
Carrier molecules are required for
Both facilitated diffusion AND active transport.
A newly transplanted organ is rejected by the immune system of the host. Which protein is responsible for the rejection?
Cell recognition protein
The material that is common to the cell walls of plants and algae is called
Cellulose
Which of these materials are found in the cell walls of fungi?
Chitin
The substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins in a eukaryotic cell's nucleus is called_______. When highly condensed, as it is in preparation of cell division, this material is called_______.
Chromatin, Chromosome
Which condition must be met for diffusion to occur?
Concentration Difference
The main reason that ATP is considered the energy currency in cells is because it
Contains accessible energy in phosphate bonds.
DNA does NOT have which of the following characteristics?
Contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
What is the general term for cellular disruption?
Cytolysis
During the process of transcription, the information in
DNA is converted into RNA information.
The nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum are components of the
Endomembrane System
Which of these cells have a membrane bound nucleus?
Eukaryotes
The ______ contain(s) the information for the structure of the protein.
Exons
True or false: The main characteristic that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is a cell wall.
False
According to the fluid-mosaic model of membrane structure,
Proteins float inside or within the phospholipid bilayer.
Which organelle is assembled in the nucleolus of the nucleus?
Ribosome
The rough ER differs from the smooth ER in that it is covered with:
Ribosomes
Occasionally someone claims to have built a machine that can run forever, producing as much energy as it consumes. This has always been disproved because it violates
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves all of the following EXCEPT
Secretion of materials from a cell.
Carrier proteins are involved in
Selectively transporting molecules through the membrane.
Because one original strand of the double-stranded helix is found in each daughter molecule, the replication process is called
Semi-conservative.
If a cell lacks ATP, which of the following processes would cease to operate immediately?
Sodium/potassium pump
Which of the following statements is true about enzymes?
They catalyze only one specific type of reaction.
Chromatin consists of DNA and associated:
Proteins
The term hypertonic means
A higher solute concentration.
If 0.9% NaCl were isotonic to a cell, then
1.0% would be hypertonic.
Which organelle receives proteins and lipid-filled vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and then repackages them for export in secretory vesicles?
Golgi Apparatus
Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes
Have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates.
The cytolysis of red blood cells is specifically called
Hemolysis
Which is true of facilitated transport by carrier proteins?
It is represented by the glucose carrier that can transport hundreds of molecules a second.
The individual(s) credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA is (are)
James Watson and Francis Crick.
A protistan engulfs a macromolecule via a vesicle. Which organelle could fuse to this vesicle and aid in breaking down this molecule?
Lysosome
Which of the classes of RNA molecules carries the genetic information from the nucleus as it is needed for the construction of a protein?
Messanger RNA
A darkly staining region that may appear within the nucleus on an electron micrograph is called a(n) ______. This is the location of rRNA production.
Nucleolus
The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called
Nucleoplasm
Which of these organelles contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
What is the main function of the bacterial cell wall?
Protection
Bacterial cell walls contain which complex molecule composed of carbohydrate chains connected by peptides?
Peptidoglycan
The plasma membrane is composed of
Phospholipids and proteins.
When an intestinal cell ingests substances inside very small vesicles that can only be seen with an electron microscope, this is
Pinocytosis.
Which does NOT describe a function of the DNA polymerase molecule?
Synthesize the proper nucleotide to match with the base read on the old strand
Permeability refers to
The extent to which a membrane allows a substance to pass through.
In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?
To the enzyme of the first reaction
Which is the process by which a protein is constructed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?
Translation
The nucleoplasm has a different fluid composition than the cytoplasm of a cell.
True
