Test 22

Which age below is INCORRECTLY labeled with a developmental stage, in Piaget's theory?

12 years-adulthood; postoperational stage

At twelve months of age, James is classified as securely attached. Which of the following behaviors in the strange situation would be most consistent with this classification?

James is moderately distressed when mother leaves him alone and pleased when she returns

As discussed in the AV Presentation, what is the major difference between the ideas of Jean Piaget and Renee Baillargeon when it comes to the development of object permanence?

Piaget claims that children don't develop object permanence until around 8 months of age , whereas Baillargeon believes that children have this understanding much earlier.

which of the following is a description of piaget's formal operational stage?

Piagets final stage, in which adolescents develop the capacity for abstract, systematic, scientific thinking. Begins around 11 years of age.

psychologists use the term___________ to refer to the emotional binds we develop with those to whom we feel closest

attatchment

Hailey's parents demand her strict obedience; "backtalk" is not tolerated. Isabella's parents are firm as well, but are more likely to reason with her and explain the consequences of her behavior. In terms of the parenting styles discussed in your text, Hailey's parents are _________; Isabella's are __________.

authoritarian; authoritative

James's father has a firm rule about not allowing James to go to parties without parental supervision, but is willing to negotiate by allowing James to have a party at their home as long as he is present to supervise. The parenting style of James's father can best be described as:

authoritative

Tom rarely acts nervous in strange situations and pays little attention to his mother's presence or absence. Tom would most likely be classified as having a(n) ___________ attachment pattern.

avoidant

Edward is currently 8 years old. According to Piaget, Edward is in the ________ stage of cognitive development.

concrete operational

Jay complains to his father that he wants more juice. His father takes the juice Jay has in his glass and pours it into a taller but narrower glass. Jay is now content that he has more juice. Jay has failed to grasp the concept of:

conservation

A four-year-old child is shown a row of seven red checkers. He is asked to place a black checker immediately above each red one. On doing so, the child agrees that there are as many red as black checkers. The experimenter then spreads out the black checkers so that the line they form is longer than that formed by the red checkers. The experimenter asks whether there are more red checkers or more black checkers in order to determine whether the child:

demonstrates conservation

Which of the following does NOT accurately reflect a contribution of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

empirical evidence has strongly supported Piaget's claim that development proceeds in distinct stages, rather than in a gradual continuous fashion

As discussed in the AV presentation, children adopted from Romanian orphanages showed differences in their intellectual and social functioning compared to children adopted from outside of these institutions. Researchers believe that these differences arise due to the Romanian adoptees'_________,

lack of opportunity to form an attachment to a caregiver during the first year of life

As compared to Piaget, Vygotsky placed ________ emphasis on the _________ bases of cognitive development.

more;social

Alice takes her 1-year-old son, Derek, to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him. Derek eagerly explores the room as long as Alice is present. When Alice leaves the room to fill out some forms, Derek becomes somewhat upset. When she returns, though, Derek quickly calms down. Which term best describes Derek's attachment style?

object permanence

Casey's mother allows her to have a 28-year-old boyfriend even though she is 17. She makes dinner for Casey every night, is always available to talk about anything Casey needs help thinking through, and offers advice, but very little structure or discipline. This is an example of _______ parenting.

permissive

Walter's parents strongly believe that Walter should make his own decisions so they set very few rules about homework, bedtime, and household chores. Since they believe that freedom and responsibility are important, they patiently tolerate all of Walter's behavior, whether childish or mature. The parenting style adopted by Walter's parents is termed:

permissive

Harry Harlow completed a number of studies in which baby rhesus monkeys were raised with two artificial mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire and delivered food; the other was made of cloth and provided no food. Harlow found that when the infant monkeys were startled or frightened, they

preferred the cloth surrogate that did not provide food

A child demonstrates object permanence, egocentrism, and a failure to conserve. She is most likely in which Piagetian stage?

preoperational

Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development from birth through adolescence?

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Which of the following is a description of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

the child perceives the environment only through the senses

In Harry Harlow's research with two monkeys and artificial mothers, the dependent variable was

the emotional attachment of the monkeys