Test 3
The normal carrying angle for women ranges from _________ to _________ of cubital valgus.
13° to 16°
Male patients over what age commonly have bicep tendon ruptures?
40
The incidence of biceps tendon rupture is greater by how many times in patients who smoke?
7.5
What ligament originates off the styloid process and inserts on the scaphoid and trapezium? A) RCL B) UCL C) Palmar radiocarpal ligament D) Radioscaphoid ligament
A) RCL
Most elbow injuries are the result of low-load repetitive stresses. A) True B) False
A) True
The wrist allows _________ of motion in ulnar deviation. A) 20° B) 35° C) 40° D) 55°
B) 35°
What should the carrying angle of the elbow for men be? A) 0° to 5° B) 5° to 10° C) 10° to 15° D) 15° to 20°
B) 5° to 10°
Which nerve travels through the carpal tunnel in the wrist? A) Ulnar nerve B) Median nerve C) Radial nerve D) Musculocutaneous nerve
B) Median nerve
What should the carrying angle of the elbow for women be? A) 0° to 5° B) 5° to 10° C) 10° to 15° D) 15° to 20°
C) 10° to 15°
In what percentage of the population is the palmaris longus found to be absent? A) 8% to 10% B) 10% to 12% C) 12% to 15% D) 15% to 17%
C) 12% to 15%
Which bone in the hand is involved in a boxer's fracture? A) Scaphoid B) Third metacarpal C) Fifth metacarpal D) Radial styloid process
C) Fifth metacarpal
The radio ulnar joints are classified as what type of joint? A) Synovial B) Hinge C) Syndesmotic D) Saddle
C) Syndesmotic
What is it medically called when the alignment of the forearm and humerus fully extends beyond 0°? A) Cubitus valgus B) Cubitus varus C) Cubital valgus D) Cubital recurvatum
D) Cubital recurvatum
Which elbow ligament is divisible into three unique sections? A) Radial collateral ligament (RCL) B) Annular ligament C) Lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) D) Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)
D) Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)
Define or describe: Boutonniere Deformity
Extension of the MCP and DIP joints and flexion of the PIP
The resting position of the elbow for an acute injury is which of the following?
Flexed at 70 degrees
Define or describe: Swan neck deformity
Flexion of the MCP and DIP joints and hyperextension of the PIP joint
Define or describe: Volkman's Contracture
Flexion of the wrist and fingers (claw fingers)
Name the 10 structures that pass through the carpal tunnel.
Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (4 tendons) Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4 tendons) Flexor pollicis longus tendon (1 tendon) Median nerve (1 nerve)
Define or describe: Bishop's Deformity
Fourth and fifth phalanges assume resting posture of flexion in the PIP and DIP joints
The medical epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and olecranon process form what geometric shape during inspection of the posterior aspect of the elbow, when the patient's elbow is flexed to 90°?
Isosceles triangle
What does TMUPF stand for?
(T)rochela (M)edial (U)lna (P)ronation (F)lexion
What does CLRSE stand for?
(C)apitellum (L)ateral (R)adius (S)upination (E)xtension
Which of the following is NOT correct in performing the tennis elbow test? A) The patient is positioned with elbow flexed and supinated. B) The examiner palpates lateral epicondyle. C) The examiner resists wrist extension through full ROM. D) The test may also be performed with elbow extended.
A) The patient is positioned with elbow flexed and supinated.
A patient with an acutely injured elbow will frequently assume the elbow's resting position of ___ of flexion to minimize forces on the joint. A) 50° B) 60° C) 70° D) 80°
C) 70°
An isosceles triangle is formed by the medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and the olecranon process when the elbow is flexed to what degree? A) 60° B) 70° C) 80° D) 90°
D) 90°
Which of the following is the most important history finding regarding elbow trauma? A) Onset B) Type of pain C) Location of symptoms D) A and C
D) A (Onset) and C (Location of Symptoms)
Besides injury to the thumb's MCP joint, which other MCP ligaments are commonly injured?
UCL & MCP of Index Finger; RCL on Small Finger
Which of the following is an extrinsic muscle of the wrist? A) Extensor pollicis brevis B) Flexor digiti minimi C) Abductor pollicis brevis D) Flexor pollicis brevis
A) Extensor pollicis brevis
What is the special test used to support or refute the presence of de Quervain syndrome? A) Finkelstein's test B) Phalen's test C) Adson's test D) Tinel's sign
A) Finkelstein's test
Define or describe: Annular Ligament
fibrosseous structure that permits internal and external rotation of the radial head on the capitulum of the humerus
Define or describe: UCL (Ulnar Collateral Ligament)
provides valgus support of the medial elbow; divided into anterior, transverse, and posterior bundles
Which bundle of the UCL serves as the primary restraint against a valgus force? A) Anterior bundle B) Transverse bundle C) Posterior bundle D) Medial bundle
A) Anterior bundle
Which of the following is a rupture of the central extensor tendon that causes the lateral bands to slip palmarly on each side of the PIP, changing its line of pull on this joint from an extensor to a flexor? A) Boutonniere deformity B) Mallet finger C) Jerry finger D) Pseudo-boutonniere deformity
A) Boutonniere deformity
Trauma or pathology to which nerve results in a drop-wrist deformity? A) Radial nerve B) Ulnar nerve C) Median nerve D) Musculocutaneous nerve
A) Radial nerve
Which is the most stabilizing structure of the lateral aspect of the elbow? A) LUCL B) Annular ligament C) Transverse bundle D) RCL
A) LUCL
What is indicated by a hard end-feel with passive elbow flexion? A) Loose body in the joint B) A normal joint C) Triceps brachii tendon rupture D) Brachioradialis tendon rupture
A) Loose body in the joint
What is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone in the hand? A) Lunate B) Capitate C) Pisiform D) Scaphoid
A) Lunate
Which of the following statements is NOT correct? A) The trapezoid aligns with the first metacarpal. B) The capitate aligns with the third metacarpal. C) The pisiform is in the proximal row of carpal bones. D) The lunate is the third bone in the proximal row when starting on the ulnar side.
A) The trapezoid aligns with the first metacarpal.
Biceps tendon rupture is at least six times more common in those who smoke versus those with no history of smoking. A) True B) False
A) True
A valgus stress performed on the elbow is assessing the integrity of which ligament? A) UCL B) RCL C) Annular ligament D) Coracoclavicular ligament
A) UCL
Which nerve travels through the Tunnel of Guyon which is formed by the hamate and pisiform? A) Ulnar nerve B) Median nerve C) Radial nerve D) Musculocutaneous nerve
A) Ulnar nerve
Which of the following would be true regarding carpal tunnel syndrome? A) Positive Tinel's sign over the median nerve B) Positive Phalen's test C) Weakness with manual muscle test of the abductor pollicis brevis D) All of the above
B) All of the above
When a varus stress is applied to the elbow, the accessory lateral collateral ligament (ALCL) assists what ligament in preventing the radial head from separating from the ulna? A) UCL B) Annular ligament C) LUCL D) Coronoid ligament
B) Annular ligament
What is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal that extends into the articular surface called? A) Boxer's fracture B) Bennett's fracture C) Scaphoid fracture D) Volar plate fracture
B) Bennett's fracture
The radial tuberosity is the insertion site for what muscle? A) Brachialis B) Biceps brachii C) Radiobrachialis D) Pronator teres
B) Biceps brachii
What is the muscle that is the prime flexor of the elbow when the forearm is supinated? A) Brachialis B) Biceps brachii C) Brachioradialis D) Anconeaus
B) Biceps brachii
Which of the following muscles do NOT influence wrist movement? A) Extensor carpi radialis longus B) Brachioradialis C) Flexor digitorum superficialis D) Flexor carpi ulnaris
B) Brachioradialis
What forms the lateral humeral articulating surface on the distal border of the lateral epicondyle? A) Trochlea B) Capitellum C) Radial Fossa D) Semilunar notch
B) Capitellum
Which of the following is the distal border of the semilunar notch? A) Capitellum B) Coronoid process C) Trochlea D) Olecranon fossa
B) Coronoid process
What are the actions of the muscles originating from the lateral epicondyle? A) Flexion and supination B) Extension and supination C) Flexion and pronation D) Extension and pronation
B) Extension and supination
The elbow joint relies more on muscular support than ligamentous support for its stability. A) True B) False
B) False
The forearm is displaced anteriorly or anterolaterally compared to the humerus in 90% of dislocation cases. A) True B) False
B) False
What is a benign collection of thick fluid within a tendinous sheath or joint capsule found on the wrist and hand called? A) Baker's cyst B) Ganglion cyst C) Pilonidal cyst D) Popliteal cyst
B) Ganglion cyst
Which of the following joints does NOT allow pronation to occur? A) Humeroradial joint B) Humeroulnar joint C) Proximal radioulnar joint D) Distal radioulnar joint
B) Humeroulnar joint
Which is FALSE regarding a scaphoid fracture? A) 70% of carpal fractures involve the scaphoid. B) It is common because of its roll as a bony block-limiting flexion. C) It is most common in 15- to 30-year-olds. D) It has a high incidence in nonunion fractures.
B) It is common because of its roll as a bony block-limiting flexion.
What is an infection around the periphery of the fingernail that results in redness and swelling? A) Felon B) Paronychia C) Hang nail D) Pilonidal cyst
B) Paronychia
Which of the following is a fracture where the distal radius is displaced palmarly? A) Colles' fracture B) Smith's fracture C) Tom's fracture D) Volar plate fracture
B) Smith's fracture
Which of the following is NOT a function of the TFCC? A) Decreases loading stresses B) Stabilizes radial side carpals C) Stabilizes ulnar side carpals D) Stabilizes distal radioulnar joint
B) Stabilizes radial side carpals
Which wrist pathology is commonly associated with clicking on the ulnar side of the wrist? A) Trigger finger B) Triangular fibrocartilage tear C) Tenosynovities D) de Quervain syndrome
B) Triangular fibrocartilage tear
Which muscle does NOT influence pronation or supination at the elbow? A) Biceps brachii B) Triceps brachii C) Brachioradialis D) None of the above
B) Triceps brachii
What is the ligament that is responsible for checking radial deviation and becomes taut at the end-ranges of flexion and extension? A) RCL B) UCL C) Palmar radiocarpal ligament D) Dorsal radiocarpal ligament
B) UCL
The deep branch of what nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence? A) Radial B) Ulnar C) Median D) Interosseous
B) Ulnar
What is the nerve that innervates the flexi carpi ulnaris muscle and the medial portion of the flexor digitorum profundus in the forearm? A) Radial nerve B) Ulnar nerve C) Median nerve D) Anterior interosseous nerve
B) Ulnar nerve
Which muscle is the primary elbow flexor when the forearm is in its neutral position (radial side upward)? A) Brachialis B) Biceps brachii C) Brachioradialis D) Anconeaus
C) Brachioradialis
What is the angle formed by the long axis of the humerus and ulna known as? A) Angle of torsion B) Angle of inclination C) Carrying angle D) Q angle
C) Carrying angle
Which of the following is a nonarticular fracture of the radius occurring approximately 1.5 inches proximal to the radiocarpal joint, causing the distal radius to be displaced dorsally? A) Reverse Colles' fracture B) Tom's fracture C) Colles' fracture D) Smith's fracture
C) Colles' fracture
What is an increase in the carrying angle of the elbow called? A) Cubitus varus B) Decubitus varus C) Cubitus valgus D) Decubitus valgus
C) Cubitus valgus
Which nerve enters the elbow at the arcade of Struthers? A) Median nerve B) Radial nerve C) Ulnar nerve D) Anterior interosseous nerve
C) Ulnar nerve
Which pulleys are located on the distal aspect of the metacarpal and the most proximal member of the pulley system? A) Cruciate pulleys B) Annular pulleys C) Palmar aponeurosis pulleys D) Lumbrical pulley
C) Palmar aponeurosis pulleys
Which of the carpal bones float? A) Capitate B) Scaphoid C) Pisiform D) Lunate
C) Pisiform
What is the bundle of the UCL that is the primary restraint against a valgus force when the elbow is flexed beyond 60°? A) Anterior bundle B) Transverse bundle C) Posterior bundle D) Medial bundle
C) Posterior bundle
Which of the following statements is correct? A) An avulsion of the flexor digitorum profundus is known as mallet finger. B) A mallet finger presents with an inability to actively flex the distal interphangeal joint (DIP). C) Pseudo-boutonnière deformities show with limited active and passive extension. D) A rupture of the volar plate is known as a boutonnière deformity.
C) Pseudo-boutonnière deformities show with limited active and passive extension.
Which nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers? A) Median B) Ulnar C) Radial D) Musculocutaneous
C) Radial
What is the indention of the lateral epicondyle that accepts the radial head during elbow flexion? A) Trochlea B) Capitellum C) Radial fossa D) Semilunar notch
C) Radial fossa
What are small cuts or abrasions over the dorsal surface of the MCP or IP joints known as? A) Raynaud's phenomenon B) Keinböck's sign C) Russell's sign D) Preiser's sign
C) Russell's sign
Which ligament forms the roof of the carpal tunnel? A) Radiocarpal ligament B) Ulnar carpal ligament C) Transverse carpal ligament D) Palmar ligament
C) Transverse carpal ligament
What is the primary extensor of the lateral four fingers' interphalangeal (IP) joints and assists in wrist extension? A) Extensor carpi radialis longus B) Extensor carpi radialis brevis C) Extensor carpi ulnaris D) Extensor digitorum communis
D) Extensor digitorum communis
What is the muscle responsible for the flexion of the four proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints? A) Flexor carpi radialis B) Flexor carpi ulnaris C) Palmaris longus D) Flexor digitorum superficialis
D) Flexor digitorum superficialis
Which ligament is most important in controlling motion and wrist stability? A) Radial collateral ligament B) UCL C) Dorsal radiocarpal ligament D) Palmar radiocarpal ligament
D) Palmar radiocarpal ligament
What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone in the hand? A) Lunate B) Capitate C) Pisiform D) Scaphoid
D) Scaphoid
Which carpal bone is as palpable as the floor of the anatomical snuffbox? A) Trapezoid B) Capitate C) Pisiform D) Scaphoid
D) Scaphoid
Define or describe: Mallet Finger
Inability to actively extend the DIP joint; assumes posture of 25° to 35°
Define or describe: Jersey Finger
Inability to actively flex the DIP joint
Define or describe: Depuytrens Contracture
Inability to passively or actively extend the MCP and PIP joints of the involved finger or fingers
Define or describe: Keinbock's Disease
Osteochondritis or slow degeneration of the lunate bone
The "terrible triad of the elbow" involves which type of injury to what structures?
Posterior dislocation, fracture of the radial head, and fracture of the coronoid
