Test 3 Ch 10

What was Lincoln's message to the south in his 4 march 1861 first inaugural address? (4)

"With you, southern countrymen, rests the momentous decision of civil war"

Burnside's defeat depressed the country. Lincoln said after, "If there is a place worse than __________, I am in it"

Hell

However, the south lost Thomas J. "Stonewall" ________________. The loss of one of their most brilliant and popular generals was a blow to the ___________ of the Confederacy.

Jackson, Moral

Lee fell back to the __________ river. At the battle of the _____________ Union forces lost an opportunity to capture Lee's railroad supply base. A siege began of petersburg and richmond.

James, Crater

The __________ won the first battle of the war 21 July 1861 at the First battle of ___________ run.

South, Bull

Why did cotton diplomacy fail to bring Great Britain into the war as ally of the south? (5)

Arms manufacturers in Britain earned profits selling to both north and south.

On 2 September 1864, General William T. Sherman captured the city of _______________. This was welcomes news for Lincoln's reelection prospects.

Atlanta

In which direction did power within the union flow as a result of the civil war? Gov't

Federal

At the battle of _______________ the Army of the Potomac fought the Army of Northern Virginia. The collision took place 1 July 1863 in the fields northwest of the town.

Gettysburg

What was Lincoln's message to the south in his 4 march 1861 first inaugural address? (2)

Gov't maintain functions

What was Lincoln's message to the south in his 4 march 1861 first inaugural address? (3)

Gov't resupply federal forts in south

What was Lincoln's message to the south in his 4 march 1861 first inaugural address? (1)

Gov't will not attack south

In March 1864, Lincoln promoted ____________ to 3-star general. He now commanded all Union armies.

Grant

By war's end, 180,000 black soldiers had joined the Union army, about _____ % of the total enlisted.

10

The election of 1864 was a referendum on the emancipation proclamation. Lincoln swept to victory. McClellan won only his home state. Lincoln won by 212 electoral votes to _________ for McClellan. ________% of the Union army voted for lincoln.

12, 78

Lincoln also said he would supply and maintain federal installations and forts. On 12 April _______, confederate gunners started the civil war by shelling fort __________, South Carolina, before the _________ ships arrived.

1861, Sumter, Supply

Sherman next prepared for a ______________ march to the Atlantic Ocean on a front ____________ wide.

250-mile, 60-mile

On _____ July 1863, General ____________ received the surrender of ________________, the last confederate-held city on the ___________________ river. The victory cut the Confederacy in _______. To a friend Lincoln commented, "The father of waters goes again ______________ to the sea"

4, Grant, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 2, unvexed

Marching hard to join the Union army was the ________ Corps under General John ______________. The corps of 15,000 men with supply and artillery trains covered the last 35 miles 17 hours. Thousands sang "Glory, Glory, ________________"

6, Sedgwick, Halleluiah

During the Civil War ________________ had died to atone for slavery and save the union, nearly as many as all other American wars combined.

625,000

Lee countered-attacked in the __________ days battles. He lost 20,000 men but the attacks unnerved the cautious McClellan. "Little Mac" abandoned 500 wagons and _______________. The initiative transferred to the South.

7, retreated

The North had the advantage in manpower, industry, coalmines, shipyards, finance and by having ______% of the nation's railroads.

70

Lincoln called out ________________ volunteers for 90 days services and ordered the navy to blockade parts in the south. Viewed as an affront to the South, four more upper tier states joined the confederacy: Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and ______________.

75000, Virginia

Mahan offered an alternative to offensive attacks: _______________ defense. Commanders would seek center __________ - a key point on the campaign map that the enemy could not afford to lose - and at that key point construct __________ fortifications.

Active, Gravity, Field

Winfield Scott's ____________ plan called for suffocating the Confederacy by land and sea. The problem with the plan was that the mood of the country was for quick _______________ progress on the field of ______________.

Anaconda, visible, battle

What was Lincoln's message to the south in his 4 march 1861 first inaugural address? (5)

Appeals to the political center, dismisses extremists

The union army pursued Lee west. On 9 April the confederate Army of Northern Virginia surrendered at ___________________, Virginia.

Appomattox

Why did cotton diplomacy fail to bring Great Britain into the war as ally of the south? (2)

Britain imported wheat from the US; recognition of the South would provoke a US grain embargo

Commerce raiders built in _____________ yards dealt a severe blow to the US merchant marine. One of them, CSS __________________ was finally sunk off France in June 1864. After the war, the US sued the British gov't and the case was settled in arbitration.

British, Alabama

At the battle of _____________________ Lee conducted a hold-and-turn movement and crushed General Joseph ________________.

Chancellorsville, Hooker

In the Battle of _________________ Grant drove Bragg's forces from the state of ________________ and 20 miles into the state of _________________.

Chattanooga, Tennessee, Georgia

The army of northern Virginia stacked arms and gave up its flags. Lee told his men to go home and be good ______________ like they had been good ____________.

Citizens, soldiers

But Lincoln had to be careful. If the government freed slaves in the border states, those states would certainly have joined the ______________________.

Confederacy

Simultaneous attacks would deny the south the advantage of strategic interior lines. (2)

Destroy Shenandoah valley

Confederate General van ___________ struck the railroad junction at ______________, Mississippi, but suffered heavy losses and fell back, 5 October 1862, thus furthering Union efforts to re-open mid-western ________________ down the ____________________ river.

Dorn, Corinth, Trade, Mississippi

Most northern and southern generals that had fought in the Mexican-American war still believed that frontal attacks were ____________________. The advent of ___________ muskets in the 1850s ___________ changed that impression.

Effective, smooth, hardly

The ____________________________ proclamation, effective 1 January 1863, freed the slaves in all the Confederate-________ states. The effect was electric. The union army was now an army of ____________________ fighting for the freedom of all its people in the country.

Emancipation, held, liberation

What purpose did Sherman's destructive march serve as he tore through central Georgia to Shenandoah and then northward into the Carolinas?

Federal authority cannot be refuted, resistance was futile

The ensuing Battle of _________________ 30 November 1864 was a miserable _____________: a massive charge was repulsed and ______ confederate generals were killed. Two weeks later, General George Thomas routed what was left of the once proud confederate army of Tennessee at the battle of _________________.

Franklin, Failure, 6, Nashville

Fortunately, the disastrous Battle of ________________ came after the November elections. General Ambrose _____________ bombarded the city them ordered a frontal attack against Lee's lines on Marye's Hight The union suffered ______________ causalities, the south less than half that.

Fredericksburg, Burnside, 12,000

The Gettysburg Address represents a shift from the Founders' mixed institution government inspired by the Roman Republic to the __________ idea of single _______________ ideal.

Greek, Democratic

In his last act Lee disobeyed Jefferson Davis who had ordered Southern armies to disband and continued the struggle as a _______________ war.

Guerilla

General Henri von Jomini codified Napoleon's methods in The Art of War: (5)

High moral - French referred to this spirit as elan vital

On hearing the news New York Lawyer George Templeton strong wrote, " He and his army have surrendered . . . They can bother and perplex none ______________ henceforth, forever."

Historians

McClay rightly says Lincoln "read the Constitution through the lens of the Declaration of __________________." The dead of Gettysburg had essentially died on behalf of all _______________ on the "proposition that all men were ____________ equal" and that democratic government was the best way to preserve that concept.

Independence, Mankind, created

Why did cotton diplomacy fail to bring Great Britain into the war as ally of the south? (3)

India & Egypt produced cotton to offset southern US loss.

What made decisive victory on the battlefield virtually impossible to achieve? (1)

Ineffective long range artillery fire

Grant's use of ______________ lines and identifying the center of ___________ in the Vicksburg Campaign proved his growing operational skill.

Interior, Gravity

On 14 April 1865, ____________ _______________ ______________ shot Abraham Lincoln at the _________ theater.

John Wilkes Booth, Ford

What made decisive victory on the battlefield virtually impossible to achieve? (3)

Lack of mobility to complete destruction

Some thought Lincoln had not gone far enough. But McClay recites Lincoln's commitment to constitutional _______. Only in this way would the constitution properly frame the "golden apple' of liberty - the declaration of _________________.

Law, Independence

But the task facing the north was enormous. At first the south had the more gifted military leaders such as Robert E. _______ and Stonewall _____________ and they were fighting on ________________ and friendly territory. Additionally, the size of the land the north had to control was as big as western ______________.

Lee, Jackson, Familiar, Europe

Dennis Hart __________ was professor of engineering and military science. _____________ military thought influenced the academy due to the universal awe of ______________ and Mahan's own residency in France as a US military observer.

Mahan, French, Napoleon

General Henri von Jomini codified Napoleon's methods in The Art of War: (3)

Maintain interior lines

General Henri von Jomini codified Napoleon's methods in The Art of War: (4)

March to concentrate for attack - usually frontal

President Abraham Lincoln considered the halting of Lee's invasion of the state of ________________ in the Battle of Antietam, fought 17 September 1862, enough of a victory to proceed with plans to free the __________.

Maryland, Slaves

The democratic nominee was former general George B. _______________ of New Jersey. McClellan did not completely support the party's position, which was an immediate end to the war on terms __________________ to the south.

McClellan, Acceptable

What two ships fought the world's first battle between ironclads in March 1862?

Merrimack, Monitor

Grant, the calm man in the unkempt uniform, gave the first glimpse of _________________ war: the clash of whole societies.

Modern

Why did cotton diplomacy fail to bring Great Britain into the war as ally of the south? (4)

Napoleon III was worried about Germany and was already committed to Emperor Maximilian in Mexico

Without victories on battlefields to adorn newspaper headlines, the northerners might loser confidence in Lincoln and the republican party and force the government to sue for peace in a _________________ settlement certain to perpetuate slavery.

Negotiated

On 24 April 1862, Commander David E. Farragut captured the city of _____________ _______________, the biggest in the Confederacy.

New Orleans

Did Lincoln bathe in glory and assume his re-election by the people?

No

What made decisive victory on the battlefield virtually impossible to achieve? (4)

No doctrine for combined arms

Then Lincoln closed. "With malice towards ___________ and with _______________ for all . . . let us bind up the nations wounds."

None, Charity

General Henri von Jomini codified Napoleon's methods in The Art of War: (1)

Offense was supreme

Simultaneous attacks would deny the south the advantage of strategic interior lines. (1)

Overland to richmond

General George B. McClellan restored the Army of the Potomac after First Bull Run. His _________________ campaign landed an army on the peninsula east of ________________. This operation on exterior lines bypassed confederate defenses on the overland approach.

Peninsula, Richmond

The war "was not to punish or wickedness in establish a realm of ________________ justice. it was first and foremost to restore the union. Perpetuation of the union and the constitutional order that upheld it was an essential prerequisite to the success of the _________________ agenda that was on the verge of abolishing slavery."

Perfect, moderate

The Battle of _______________ ended Confederate general Braxton Bragg's invasion of Kentucky, September-October 1862.

Perryville

The battle climaxed on the third day. Hancock's II Corps repulsed _______________ charge. Union victory restored confidence in the _________ cause for which it was fighting.

Pickets, Moral

Jomini took a limited view of war, believing __________________ thinking would prevail before war took on highly destructive proportions. General ________________ introduced a new concept of war in 1864. Believing the South would not surrender until totally ________________, Sherman aimed armies against the entire system of the South - not just its military targets but the population, infrastructure and _________________________.

Rational

General Henri von Jomini codified Napoleon's methods in The Art of War: (2)

Reliance on professional soldiers

What made decisive victory on the battlefield virtually impossible to achieve? (2)

Reliance on supply chains limits zones of maneuver

In which direction did power within the union flow as a result of the civil war? Party

Republican

Grant planned to pound relentlessly at the ____________________.

Resistance

Grant fixed Lee out of the Petersburg defenses and entered _______________, Virginia, the capitol of the confederacy in 3 April 1865.

Richmond

In ______________ women rioted in protest of bread shortage on 2 April 1863. The episode was the worst civil disturbance in the Confederacy during the war.

Richmond

On 2 July, after terrible fighting in the wheatfield and Peach Orchard, the Union army still held the key hills: Little ____________ top, cemetery hill, and ____________ hill.

Round, Colps

Lee launched his first raid on the North after trouncing arrogant Union General John Pope at the __________ Battle of Bull Run 29-30 August 1862.

Second

General Phillip Sheridan and Confederate general Jubal Early faced off against each other in ________________ valley. Sheridan practiced _______________ war as he advanced. On 17 August 1864 he reported, "On august 17 sheridan reported, "I have _____________ all wheat and hay, and brought off all stock, sheep, cattle, horses south of winchester."

Shenandoah, Modern, Bought

Simultaneous attacks would deny the south the advantage of strategic interior lines. (3)

Sherman through georgia

General ________________ introduced a new concept of war in 1864. Believing the South would not surrender until totally ________________, Sherman aimed armies against the entire system of the South - not just its military targets but the population, infrastructure and _________________________.

Sherman, conquered, government

The first really big engagement of the Civil War was the battle of __________ (tennessee) 6-7 April 1862. The Union's army's stand in the __________________ nest stalled the Confederate advance to the _________________ river long enough for reinforcements to arrive and save Grant's Army. Confederate General Albert Sidney _____________ who was killed, failed to eject Grant from Tennessee. A month later, the union occupied Corinth in northeastern Mississippi but got no further.

Shiloh, Hornets, Tennessee, Johnson

Simultaneous attacks would deny the south the advantage of strategic interior lines. (4)

Shut down Mobile, Alabama

_______________ was the chief cause of the civil war. However, the reason Lincoln reacted against secession had less to do with opposition to slavery and everything to do with preservation of the _____________.

Slavery, Union

Shiloh's 23,000 causalities were shocking. Grant realized the Union would never be restored until the ___________ was completely ____________________. The nation lost its _____________________.

South, Conquered, Innocence

Lincoln was buried in ________________, Illinois. It is impossible to see how successful he might have been in the reconstruction of the nation. But it is clear that without his wisdom and constraining ________________, reconstruction was going to be chaotic and painful.

Springfield, Moderation

What made decisive victory on the battlefield virtually impossible to achieve? (5)

Staff officers, no training

War secretary Edwin _______________ captured the moment after Lincoln's chest went down for the last time: "Now he belongs to the __________"

Stampton, US

The army of North Virginia marched into Pennsylvania to (1) raid it of ______________ (2) Take the pressure off _______________ (3) Get the war out of Virginia to let ________________ recover. Lee and davis also wanted to (4) draw the Army of the Potomac into battle and ___________ it. Perhaps a victory on union soil would (5) get more northerners to sue for ___________ and (6) induce a foreign country to ________________.

Supplies, Vicksburg, Agriculture, Destroy, Peace, Intervene

General Hood did not fall back the same direction that Sherman advanced. Instead, Hood circled around and headed north to snip Sherman's _____________ line and draw him out of George.

Supply

In which direction did power within the union flow as a result of the civil war? Geography

The north

Why did cotton diplomacy fail to bring Great Britain into the war as ally of the south? (1)

The people of neither Britain nor France supported a south fighting to preserve slavery

All doubt about the ability of black soldiers to fight was dispelled when the 54th Massachusetts suffered heavy casualties in the attack on Fort ______________, South Carolina, 1863. The New York Tribune reported this battle "made such a name for the colored race as _______________ hill had been for ninety years to the white Yankees."

Wagner, Bunker

At his second inaugural address, Lincoln drew from the psalm: "We pray that this mighty scourge of war may speedy pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman 250 years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the ______________ shall be paid by another drawn with the _____________, as was said 3000 years ago, so still it must be said the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.

Whip, sword

After the bloody Battle of the ___________________, General Grant did something no other Union general had done before after a setback: He continued to drive ______________.

Wilderness, South

At the Third battle of __________________ Sheridan pushed Early southward. At the battle of ____________ creek, Early broke three federal corps but sheridan rode 12 miles from winchester to __________ his men and counter-attacked. Confederate control of the valley ended.

Winchester, Cedar, Rally

In New ______ city 500 died in anti-________ riots 13-16 July 1863.

York, Draft