Test 3 Psych

An individual's _____ is observable in his or her _____. genotype; phenotype genome; phenotype phenotype; genotype genotype; genome

A

Heredity versus environment is another of way of referring to the _____ theme of debate on developmental psychology. nature versus nurture stability versus change free will versus determinism stages versus continuity

A

In an _____ conflict, two or more favorable alternatives are pitted against each other. approach-approach avoidance-attribution avoidance-avoidance approach-avoidance

A

In order to be diagnosed with _____ disorder, a person must be exposed to or threatened by an event involving death, serious injury, or some form of sexual violence. posttraumatic stress antisocial personality obsessive-compulsive attention deficit hyperactivity

A

In the five-factor model of personality, the term _____ refers to how trusting and easygoing a person is. agreeableness extraversion openness conscientiousness

A

Of the personality tests reviewed in the textbook, the _____ is scored in an objective, standardized way. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Big Five Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test

A

One is MOST susceptible to illness during the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. exhaustion alarm reaction resistance

A

Problem-focused coping is _____ more effective than is emotion-focused coping. occasionally always usually never

A

Tatiana is patient and nonjudgmental. She is original, spontaneous, and flexible. In Maslow's terms, Tatiana appears to have a(n) _____ personality. self-actualized ideal transcendent archetypal

A

When bad things happen to him, Joe lists all the good things in his life that he is thankful for. Joe's practice exemplifies _____ coping. emotion-focused secondary primary problem-focused

A

Whereas the study of attachment style is associated with _____, the study of parenting style is associated with _____. Ainsworth; Baumrind Baumrind; Ainsworth Ainsworth; Erikson Erikson; Baumrind

A

_____ is a personality characteristic that indicates an ability to remain resilient and optimistic despite enduring intensely stressful situations. Hardiness Neuroticism Psychoticism Extraversion

A

A man awaiting the birth of his first child is BEST described as experiencing: no stress. eustress. posttraumatic stress disorder. distress.

B

A test that is high in reliability: was developed using representative samples. yields consistent scores. measures what it is intended to measure. is scored in a uniform, standardized way.

B

According to the humanistic perspective, personality reflects: genetic and physiological mechanisms. an individual's choices and strivings for personal growth. internal, unconscious forces and conflicts. mechanisms of conditioning and learning.

B

Bonnie is 3 months old and her parents attend only inconsistently to her needs. Sometimes, they are very attentive, feeding her promptly when she cries and comforting her when she seems upset. Other times, Bonnie cries for a long time before her parents attend to her. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Bonnie will develop: feelings of shame. a general sense of mistrust. feelings of guilt. a sense of inferiority.

B

Holmes and Rahe were among the first to propose a link between: daily hassles and stress. life events and stress. coping styles and health. locus of control and health.

B

In the Strange Situation, a child with _____ attachment will remain distressed when its mother returns after a brief absence. difficult secure avoidant ambivalent

B

The field of study that examines the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to health and illness is called _____ psychology. biological health physiological medical

B

Which of Baumrind's parenting styles tends to produce the most independent, competent, and socially responsible children? Why? The permissive parenting style tends to produce the most independent, competent, and socially responsible children. In this style, few demands are placed on the child, allowing her to become more independent. The authoritative parenting style tends to produce the most independent, competent, and socially responsible children. In this style, the child's point of view is taken into account. The uninvolved parenting style tends to produce the most independent, competent, and socially responsible children. In this style, few demands are placed on the child, allowing her to become more independent. The authoritarian parenting style tends to produce the most independent, competent, and socially responsible children. In this style, the child's behavior is strictly controlled, leading her to become more responsible.

B

_____ are environmental agents that can damage a zygote, embryo, or fetus. Schemas Teratogens Genotypes Phenotypes

B

_____ argued that language development depends on _____. Skinner; a universal grammar Chomsky; an internal language acquisition device Skinner; an internal language acquisition device Chomsky; association and reinforcement

B

A statistical procedure that uncovers the basic dimensions underlying the relationships among many variables is known as _____ analysis. factor matrix research trend

C

According to _____, parents should provide children with _____, or complete acceptance, regardless of their behavior. Carl Rogers; conditions of worth Abraham Maslow; unconditional positive regard Carl Rogers; unconditional positive regard Abraham Maslow; conditions of worth

C

Andy, a sophomore, works as a waiter at a local cafe after school to meet his financial needs. He often finds it difficult to strike a balance between his studies and work. When his finals were close, he overstudied to compensate for the time he had lost, and as a result, he fell sick and suffered from high blood pressure and anxiety. In the given scenario, which factor represents a physiological aspect of stress? overstudying Andy's inability to cope with exam anxiety high blood pressure Andy's inability to balance work and studies

C

Chevonne is in middle school. Although Chevonne is a "rule follower," she seems to lack confidence and appears socially awkward. According to Baumrind's typology, Chevonne's parents MOST likely follow a(n) _____ parenting style. permissive authoritative authoritarian uninvolved

C

In a _____ research design, the same group of participants is tested repeatedly. In a _____ design, different age groups are tested at the same time. cross-sequential; cross-sectional cross-sectional; longitudinal longitudinal; cross-sectional longitudinal; cross-sequential

C

Konrad Lorenz conducted studies of: attachment among monkeys. insight among chimpanzees. imprinting among goslings. mental maps among rats.

C

Morality is to _____ as pleasure is to _____. ego; id id; superego superego; ego superego; id

C

The _____ system oversees the sympathetic nervous system's response to stress. hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid

C

The first stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development is the _____ stage. The final stage in the theory is the _____ stage. sensorimotor; concrete operational preoperational; formal operational sensorimotor; formal operational preoperational; concrete operational

C

Thinking versus feeling and sensing versus intuiting are examples of: scales on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Cattell's 16 personality factors. dimensions on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Eysenck's three personality dimensions.

C

Twelve-year-old Nathaniel was having trouble solving the word problems in his math homework. His dad began reading the problems aloud and emphasizing the important information. As Nathaniel started catching on, his dad gradually provided less help for each new problem. This interaction illustrates: Piaget's concept of concrete operational thought. Erikson's concept of industry versus inferiority. Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding. Piaget's concept of conservation.

C

When disease-causing invaders threaten the body, the immune system deploys a special army of white blood cells called: megakaryocytes. dendrites. lymphocytes. astrocytes.

C

_____ is the field that studies the relationships among psychological factors, the nervous system, and immune system functioning. Psychiatry Clinical psychology Psychoneuroimmunology Neuropsychology

C

A person with Type _____ personality exhibits a relaxed, patient, and nonaggressive pattern of behaviors. D A B X

C:B

According to Vygotsky, a child's zone of _____ development includes cognitive tasks that can be accomplished alone and those that require the guidance and help of others. socioemotional socioeconomic ego proximal

D

Claire extends her left calf then relaxes it, concentrating on the tension leaving that area of her body as she does so. Claire then tenses and relaxes her left quadriceps, again noting the flow of tension from the area. Claire is engaged in: biofeedback. systematic desensitization. meditation. progressive muscle relaxation.

D

Developmental psychology investigates: how behavior changes as a result of experience. how information is coded, stored, and used. how people solve problems and adapt to the environment. physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes across the life span.

D

Dr. Conway states that his research investigates the consistent, enduring characteristics that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Conway's research is MOST likely in the area of: motivation. developmental psychology. social psychology. personality.

D

Five-year-old twins Keith and Kevin each have 4 ounces of juice in their glasses. Keith's glass is tall and narrow, whereas Kevin's is shorter and wider. Kevin complains that Keith has more juice, revealing his lack of: reversibility. formal operations. object permanence. conservation.

D

Of the personality theories mentioned in the textbook, which two perspectives place the greatest emphasis on environmental influences on personality? the psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives the humanistic and social-cognitive perspectives the behavioral and trait perspectives the behavioral and social-cognitive perspectives

D

Piaget used the word _____ to refer to a collection of ideas that functions as a basic unit of understanding. structure concept construct schema

D

Rotter is to _____ as Bandura is to _____. locus of control; self-actualization self-efficacy; locus of control self-actualization; self-efficacy locus of control; self-efficacy

D

The _____ stage begins at puberty and is the final stage of psychosexual development. oral phallic anal genital

D

The notion that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces and conflicts is at the core of the _____ approach to personality. biological humanistic behavioral psychoanalytic

D

When an infant recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer in sight, the infant has attained what Piaget termed: formal operations. reversibility. conservation. object permanence.

D

_____ created the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Gordon Allport Hans Eysenck Henry Murray Raymond Cattell

D

_____ is an element of _____. Personality; temperament Personality; character Character; temperament Temperament; personality

D

_____ is the process of cultural adjustment and adaptation, including changes to one's language, values, cultural behaviors, and sometimes national identity. Cultural differentiation Deculturalization Cultural polarization Acculturation

D