Test 4

If fibers in an ascending tract of the spinal cord are cut, the affected person will have a loss of motor functions below the injury. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

FALSE

When the radial muscles of the iris contract, the diameter of the pupil decreases. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

FALSE

Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye? Select one: a. Sclera b. Cornea c. Ciliary body d. Choroid coat e. Retina

Retina

The conjunctiva lines the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the anterior surface of the sclera. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

TRUE

A nerve is a single neuron. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

Pain sensations arising from visceral organs may be caused by the stretching of tissues. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

Cell bodies of motor neurons are located in the anterior horns of the spinal cord. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

a. TRUE

Nerve impulses from taste receptors can travel in the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

a. TRUE

The gray commissure of the spinal cord surrounds the central canal. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

a. TRUE

The subarachnoid space within the meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

a. TRUE

Which of the following is most closely associated with the diencephalon? Select one: a. Thalamus b. Cerebral peduncles c. Cerebral aqueduct d. Pons e. Frontal lobe

a. Thalamus

An infant's responses to stimuli are coarse and undifferentiated because its nerve fibers Select one: a. are not completely myelinated. b. have not yet appeared. c. cannot release neurotransmitter. d. have not yet developed connections to the brain. e. are not yet capable of action potentials.

a. are not completely myelinated.

The region of receptors on the retina that gives the sharpest vision is the Select one: a. fovea centralis b. optic nerve c. vascular tunic d. conjunctiva e. optic disk

a. fovea centralis

Treatment for cataract usually removes the Select one: a. lens. b. cornea. c. sclera. d. vitreous humor. e. retina

a. lens.

The cardiac and vasomotor center are located in the Select one: a. medulla oblongata. b. pons. c. frontal lobe. d. cerebellum. e. thalamus.

a. medulla oblongata.

The cardiac and vasomotor center are located in the Select one: a. medulla oblongata. b. frontal lobe. c. pons. d. cerebellum. e. thalamus.

a. medulla oblongata.

The auditory ossicles are located in the Select one: a. middle ear. b. auditory cortex. c. bony labyrinth. d. external ear. e. inner ear.

a. middle ear.

The auditory tube connects the throat with the Select one: a. middle ear. b. auditory cortex. c. inner ear. d. auricle. e. outer ear.

a. middle ear.

Olfactory receptor cells are best described as Select one: a. neurons. b. columnar epithelial cells. c. modified smooth muscle cells. d. squamous epithelial cells. e. connective tissue cells.

a. neurons.

Amphetamines have stimulating effects on the nervous system because they Select one: a. release norepinephrine. b. block the action of norepinephrine. c. block the normal uptake of norepinephrine. d. break down norepinephrine. e. increase the reuptake of norepinephrine from the synapse.

a. release norepinephrine.

Anosmia a loss of the sense of Select one: a. smell. b. hearing. c. pain. d. vision. e. touch.

a. smell.

Which of the following correctly lists the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye? Select one: a. Cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor b. Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor c. Aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor d. Aqueous humor, vitreous humor, cornea, lens e. Vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea

b. Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

A nerve is a single neuron. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

b. FALSE

Interneurons are specialized to carry impulses from peripheral receptors into the brain or spinal cord. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

b. FALSE

Nodes of Ranvier connect adjacent neurons. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

b. FALSE

Referred pain occurs when the brain projects the sensation back to the original source in the body from which the pain originated. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

b. FALSE

The auditory ossicles are located in the inner ear. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

b. FALSE

A deficiency of calcium in the body can result in involuntary muscle contractions. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

A synapse is the functional connection between two neurons. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Astrocytes provide structural support in the nervous system. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but cones are important for color vision. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Tears contain an enzyme that reduces the chances of developing an eye infection. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

b. TRUE

Which describes the ion concentrations inside and outside of a neuron? Select one: a. The concentrations of sodium and potassium ions are both equal inside and outside of the cell. b. The sodium ion concentration is higher on the outside of the cell and potassium ion concentration is higher on the inside of the cell c. Sodium and potassium ions are both at higher concentration on the inside of the cell. d. Sodium and potassium ions are both at higher concentration on the outside of the cell. e. The sodium ion concentration is higher on the inside of the cell and potassium ion concentration is higher on the outside of the cell

b. The sodium ion concentration is higher on the outside of the cell and potassium ion concentration is higher on the inside of the cell

Glaucoma is usually caused by Select one: a. loss of transparency of the cornea. b. accumulation of aqueous humor. c. clouding of the lens. d. clouding of the lens capsule. e. accumulation of vitreous humor

b. accumulation of aqueous humor.

The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movements is the Select one: a. midbrain. b. cerebellum. c. cerebrum. d. medulla oblongata. e. corpus callosum.

b. cerebellum.

The lens of the eye thickens when the Select one: a. circular fibers of the iris contract. b. ciliary muscles contract. c. suspensory ligaments pull on the lens capsule. d. ciliary muscles relax. e. ciliary processes relax.

b. ciliary muscles contract.

Amphetamines have stimulating effects on the nervous system because they Select one: a. block the action of norepinephrine. b. release norepinephrine. c. break down norepinephrine. d. increase the reuptake of norepinephrine from the synapse. e. block the normal uptake of norepinephrine.

b. release norepinephrine.

he complex network of tiny islands of gray matter in the brain that "awakens" the cerebral cortex is the Select one: a. dentate nucleus. b. reticular formation. c. cerebellum. d. limbic system. e. corpora quadrigemina.

b. reticular formation.

If you enter a fish market and smell the strong fishy odor, but the odor quickly seems to fade away, you have experienced Select one: a. a change in the concentration of the substance you smelled. b. sensory adaptation. c. sensory deprivation. d. a change in the room temperature. e. damage to your sensory receptors.

b. sensory adaptation.

Within the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid occupies the Select one: a. epidural space. b. subarachnoid space. c. dura mater. d. pia mater. e. none of the above.

b. subarachnoid space.

Floaters that cast shadows on the visual receptors are usually located in the Select one: a. lens. b. vitreous humor. c. cornea. d. iris. e. aqueous humor

b. vitreous humor.

Which is true of drugs that decrease membrane permeability to sodium ions? Select one: a. They may prevent the perception of pain. b. They work by blocking sodium channels in the cell membrane. c. All of these are true. d. They may block nerve impulses from moving along the axon. e. Some are used as local .

c. All of these are true.

Which of the following is not a primary taste sensation? Select one: a. Bitter b. Salty c. Pungent d. Sour e. Sweet

c. Pungent

Which of the following lists parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence? Select one: a. Receptor, motor neuron, sensory neuron, effector b. Receptor, effector, sensory neuron, motor neuron c. Receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector d. Effector, sensory neuron, receptor, motor neuron e. Effector, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron

c. Receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector

Which describes the ion concentrations inside and outside of a neuron? Select one: a. Sodium and potassium ions are both at higher concentration on the inside of the cell. b. Sodium and potassium ions are both at higher concentration on the outside of the cell. c. The sodium ion concentration is higher on the outside of the cell and potassium ion concentration is higher on the inside of the cell d. The sodium ion concentration is higher on the inside of the cell and potassium ion concentration is higher on the outside of the cell e. The concentrations of sodium and potassium ions are both equal inside and outside of the cell.

c. The sodium ion concentration is higher on the outside of the cell and potassium ion concentration is higher on the inside of the cell

The phrenic nerves arise from the Select one: a. sacral plexuses. b. brachial plexuses. c. cervical plexuses. d. lumbar plexuses. e. brainstem.

c. cervical plexuses.

The olfactory receptors are examples of Select one: a. mechanoreceptors. b. proprioceptors. c. chemoreceptors. d. pressure receptors. e. thermoreceptor

c. chemoreceptors.

The cellular processes of neurons that provide receptive surfaces for input from other neurons are Select one: a. neurofibrils. b. axons. c. dendrites. d. Nissl fibers. e. nuclei.

c. dendrites.

In the case of a subdural hematoma (blood accumulating beneath the dura) resulting from a blow to the head, blood accumulates between the Select one: a. in the subarachnoid space. b. arachnoid mater and pia mater. c. dura mater and arachnoid mater. d. dura mater and the bone of the skull. e. pia mater and brain.

c. dura mater and arachnoid mater.

When a neuron becomes more excitable as a result of incoming subthreshold stimulation, it is said to be Select one: a. converged. b. inhibited. c. facilitated. d. amplified. e. diverged.

c. facilitated.

The respiratory areas are in the pons and in the Select one: a. cerebrum. b. thalamus. c. medulla oblongata. d. cerebellum. e. midbrain.

c. medulla oblongata.

Rod cells contain the pigment Select one: a. epinephrine. b. erythrolabe. c. rhodopsin. d. cyanolabe. e. chlorolabe.

c. rhodopsin.

Within the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid occupies the Select one: a. pia mater. b. none of the above. c. subarachnoid space. d. epidural space. e. dura mater

c. subarachnoid space.

The spinothalamic tract conducts impulses Select one: a. that stimulate contraction of skeletal muscle. b. between left and right cerebral hemispheres. c. up the spinal cord to the thalamus. d. down the spinal cord from the thalamus. e. from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex.

c. up the spinal cord to the thalamus.

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglia? Select one: a. Microglial cell b. Astrocyte c. Ependymal cell d. Neuron e. Oligodendrocyte

d. Neuron

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglia? Select one: a. Microglial cell b. Astrocyte c. Oligodendrocyte d. Neuron e. Ependymal cell

d. Neuron

Nightblindness is most commonly caused by Select one: a. a toxic effect of vitamin A. b. damage to the cornea. c. damage to the optic nerve. d. an improper diet. e. loss of cones from the retina.

d. an improper diet.

Pain receptors Select one: a. adapt rapidly. b. are all of the above. c. are widely distributed in the nerve tissues of the brain. d. are generally stimulated by factors that can damage tissues. e. are among the most specialized receptors.

d. are generally stimulated by factors that can damage tissues.

The phrenic nerves arise from the Select one: a. brachial plexuses. b. lumbar plexuses. c. sacral plexuses. d. cervical plexuses. e. brainstem.

d. cervical plexuses.

In the case of a subdural hematoma (blood accumulating beneath the dura) resulting from a blow to the head, blood accumulates between the Select one: a. dura mater and the bone of the skull. b. arachnoid mater and pia mater. c. in the subarachnoid space. d. dura mater and arachnoid mater. e. pia mater and brain.

d. dura mater and arachnoid mater.

Taste receptors are Select one: a. found only on the cheeks and roof of the mouth. b. modified connective tissue cells. c. found only on the tongue. d. modified epithelial cells. e. unable to divide.

d. modified epithelial cells.

During an action potential, repolarization occurs as a result of Select one: a. sodium ions diffusing to the inside of the cell membrane. b. sodium ions diffusing to the outside of the cell membrane. c. potassium ions diffusing to the inside of the cell membrane. d. sodium and potassium ions not diffusing. e. potassium ions diffusing to the outside of the cell membrane.

d. potassium ions diffusing to the outside of the cell membrane.

The hearing receptors are contained in the Select one: a. saccule. b. ampulla. c. semicircular canals. d. spiral organ. e. utricle.

d. spiral organ.

The pressure of cerebrospinal fluid is usually measured by introducing a hollow needle between lumbar vertebrae into the Select one: a. none of these. b. pia mater. c. dura mater. d. subarachnoid space. e. arachnoid mater.

d. subarachnoid space.

The ampullae are swellings containing sensory receptors associated with Select one: a. the cochlea. b. the optic nerve. c. taste. d. the semicircular canals. e. the auricles

d. the semicircular canals.

Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear Select one: a. gray. b. brown. c. red. d. white. e. transparent.

d. white.

Which of the following lists parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence? Select one: a. Effector, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron b. Receptor, effector, sensory neuron, motor neuron c. Receptor, motor neuron, sensory neuron, effector d. Effector, sensory neuron, receptor, motor neuron e. Receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector

e. Receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector

Which of the following are adrenergic fibers? Select one: a. Motor fibers to skeletal muscle b. Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers c. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers d. Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers e. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

e. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Which of the following would cause a form of conductive hearing impairment? Select one: a. Tumor in the brain b. Damage to the temporal lobe c. Damage to the acoustic nerve d. Damage to the cochlear hair cells e. Torn tympanic membran

e. Torn tympanic membrane `

The respiratory areas are in the pons and in the Select one: a. thalamus. b. midbrain. c. cerebrum. d. cerebellum. e. medulla oblongata.

e. medulla oblongata.

Blowing the nose improperly may cause an infection in the auditory tube to spread to the Select one: a. outer ear. b. auricle. c. inner ear. d. cochlea. e. middle ear.

e. middle ear.

During an action potential, depolarization occurs as a result of Select one: a. potassium ions diffusing to the outside of the cell membrane. b. sodium ions diffusing to the outside of the cell membrane. c. potassium ions diffusing to the inside of the cell membrane. d. sodium and potassium ions not diffusing. e. sodium ions diffusing to the inside of the cell membrane.

e. sodium ions diffusing to the inside of the cell membrane.

The auditory nerve pathways carry impulses to the auditory cortices in the Select one: a. cerebellum. b. frontal lobes. c. parietal lobes. d. occipital lobes. e. temporal lobes.

e. temporal lobes.

Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear Select one: a. transparent. b. gray. c. brown. d. red. e. white.

e. white.

When a neuron becomes more excitable as a result of incoming subthreshold stimulation, it is said to be Select one: a. facilitated. b. converged. c. inhibited. d. diverged. e. amplified.

facilitated

In the central nervous system myelin is formed by Select one: a. Schwann cells. b. astrocytes. c. microglial cells. d. oligodendrocytes. e. ependymal cells.

oligodendrocytes