Test #4 Multi Choice

A 35-year-old Male presents to a walk-in medical clinic with a chief complaint of pain behind his Right Eye that radiates to the ipsilateral Temple region and Cheek. He also complains of tearing from the Right Eye, Right Eyelid swelling, and nasal congestion on the Right side. He further states that he has experienced the headaches two (2) times over the past year, with each episode lasting for several weeks. The past two (2) episodes were followed by headache pain-free periods, lasting several months. The current episode has been persistent for one (1) week, and is very similar to the previous episodes. He denies any trauma and cannot correlate the headaches to any causative event. Which of the following most likely represents this patient's diagnosis? A. Cluster Headache B. Tension-Type Headache C. Classic Migraine D. Common Migraine

A

Chemical substances responsible for sensitizing Nociceptors in an area of injury include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Enkephalins B. Hydrogen C. Acetylcholine D. Leukotrienes E. Prostaglandins

A

Which of the following is NOT a likely cause of Seizure activity? A. An excess of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). B. Alterations in cell permeability. C. Decreased inhibition of Cortical or Thalamic Neuronal activity. D. An excess of Acetylcholine (ACh). E. Genetic mutations causing Ion Channel defects.

A

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Classic Migraine Headache? A. It is also known as Migraine with Aura. B. It is a pulsatile, throbbing, bilateral Headache that typically lasts 1-2 days. C. It is seldom accompanied by nausea and vomiting. D. It presents with similar symptoms as a Common Migraine, with the addition of irreversible Visual symptoms. E. All of the above are correct.

A

Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing between a Skeletal System Disorder and its clinical manifestation? A. Osteoarthritis - Hallux Valgus and Hammertoe B. Osteoporosis - Dowager's Hump C. Rheumatoid Arthritis - Boutonniere Deformity D. Osteoarthritis - Eburnation E. Rheumatoid Arthritis - Swan Neck Deformity

A

A 35-year-old Male presents to a walk-in medical clinic with a chief complaint of dull, achy Head pain that extends around his Head in a hatband distribution. He reports that the pain started about one (1) week ago and has not increased in its intensity. He has not felt nauseous during this Headache episode. He further denies any trauma, but states that he has been under a lot of stress at work due to an upcoming project deadline. Which of the following most likely represents this patient's diagnosis? A. Cluster Headache B. Tension-Type Headache C. Classic Migraine D. Common Migraine E. Chronic Daily Headache

B

All of the following are true regarding Visceral Pain EXCEPT: A. It is one of the most common pain types produced by disease. B. All Visceral Organs have the ability to send pain signals to the Sensory Cortex. C. It may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting. D. It is usually diffuse and intermittent. E. There is a convergence of Somatic and Visceral Afferent Nerve Fibers in the Spinal Cord.

B

Joint changes in Osteoarthritis include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Osteophyte formation. B. Pannus Formation (Invasion). C. Thickening of Subchondral Bone. D. Bone Cyst Formation. E. Loss of Articular Cartilage.

B

Left Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO) indicates that when one gazes (looks) to the Left, the Left Eye is in full lateral excursion, implying normal Lateral Rectus M. function, and the Right Eye is not in full medial excursion, implying impaired Medial Rectus function; whereas Right Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO) indicates that when one gazes (looks) to the Right, the Right Eye is in full lateral excursion, implying normal Lateral Rectus M. function, and the Left Eye is not in full medial excursion, implying impaired Medial Rectus M. function. A. True B. False

B

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus? A. Death can occur due to Heart Failure. B. It is a series of "Grand Mal" Seizures that occur in succession. C. Consciousness always returns between attacks. D. It is a series of "Petit Mal" Seizures that occur in succession. E. It is characterized by motionlessness, "starring spells," and unresponsiveness.

B

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Parkinson's Disease: A. The major symptom is seizure activity. B. There is degeneration of the Axons from the Substantia Nigra, resulting in a decreased Dopamine output to the Striatum (Caudate Nucleus and Putamen). C. It is usually a childhood disease. D. There is loss of Nerve Fibers in the Lateral Columns of White Matter of the Spinal Cord along with Fibrillary Gliosis, which eventually leads to the formation of Scar tissue. E. There is diffuse hypertrophy of the Cerebral Cortex with enlargement of the Ventricles.

B

Which of the following is a potential underlying cause for the diagnosis in question #17? A. Cytomegalovirus infection. B. Exposure to environmental toxins. C. Epstein-Barr Virus infection. D. A and B are correct. E. B and C are correct.

B

Which of the following is considered to be a cause of Ischemic Stroke? A. Head trauma or injury. B. Thrombi in atherosclerotic Blood Vessels. C. Aneurysms. D. Blood Vessels rupture due to Hypertension.

B

A "Tonic-Clonic" Seizure: A. is characterized by motionlessness, "starring spells," and unresponsiveness. B. is always fatal. C. was formerly known as a "Grand-Mal" Seizure. D. has only sensory manifestations with no motor manifestations. E. is characterized by a sudden, split-second loss of Muscle tone.

C

Chronic Pain: A. is a warning system, alerting a person to the existence of actual or impending tissue damage. B. is of recent onset and short duration. C. imposes physiologic, psychological, familial, and economic stresses on the individual. D. is self-limited, but unrelenting and severe at times.

C

Considering the Endogenous Pain Control Circuit, which of the following most accurately describes the function of the Enkephalin Interneuron? A. It synapses on the Axon Terminals of Primary Afferent Neuron Pain Fibers from Peripheral Nociceptors and increases Pain transmission in the Dorsal Horn of the Spinal Cord. B. It is a Periaqueductal Gray Neuron that synapses on Neuron Cell Bodies of the Nucleus Raphe Magnus of the Medulla Oblongata, releasing Serotonin. C. It synapses on the Axon Terminals of Primary Afferent Neuron Pain Fibers from Peripheral Nociceptors and inhibits Pain transmission in the Dorsal Horn of the Spinal Cord. D. It is a Secondary Afferent Neuron that transmits Pain information from the Primary Afferent Neuron in the Lateral Spinothalamic Tract. E. It synapses on the Axon Terminals of Primary Afferent Neuron Pain Fibers from Peripheral Nociceptors and inhibits Pain transmission in the Ventral Horn of the Spinal Cord.

C

The most common initial (early) clinical manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is: A. Fatigue and weakness. B. Subcutaneous nodules. C. Symmetric Arthritis or Arthralgia. D. Malar rash.

C

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Alzheimer's Disease? A. There is diffuse hypertrophy of the Cerebral Cortex with enlargement of the Ventricles. B. The major symptom is Seizure activity. C. The Brain demonstrates microscopic changes known as Tangles and Plaques. D. It is clinically defined by a resting Tremor, Rigidity, and Bradykinesia. E. Loss of cognitive function is a late disease manifestation.

C

Which of the following most accurately describes the CORRECT sequence of cellular changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis? A. Arrival of Neutrophils, Macrophages, and Lymphocytes; phagocytosis of Immune Complexes and release of Lysozymes; destructive changes in Joint Cartilage; Inflammatory Response; vasodilation and Joint swelling; and reactive hyperplasia of Synovial cells and Synovial tissues. B. Arrival of Neutrophils, Macrophages, and Lymphocytes; phagocytosis of Immune Complexes and release of Lysozymes; Inflammatory Response; destructive changes in Joint Cartilage; reactive hyperplasia of Synovial cells and Synovial tissues; and vasodilation and Joint swelling. C. Arrival of Neutrophils, Macrophages, and Lymphocytes; phagocytosis of Immune Complexes and release of Lysozymes; destructive changes in Joint Cartilage; Inflammatory Response; reactive hyperplasia of Synovial cells and Synovial tissues; and vasodilation and Joint swelling. D. Arrival of Neutrophils, Macrophages, and Lymphocytes; phagocytosis of Immune Complexes and release of Lysozymes; Inflammatory Response; vasodilation and Joint swelling; reactive hyperplasia of Synovial cells and Synovial tissues; and destructive changes in Joint Cartilage.

C

With regard to the previous question's diagnosis, in which of the following neurological structures has the pathological lesion occurred? A. Neurolemmocytes B. Axons C. Oligodendrocytes D. Neuronal Cell Bodies E. Middle Cerebral Artery

C

A 32-year-old Female presents to a walk-in medical clinic with burning, numbness, and tingling sensations in her Left Lower Extremity. Her gait is visibly unsteady. She additionally complains of having diplopia and fatigue, both of which have been getting progressively worse over the past month. Babinski's sign is positive on the Left Foot, and muscle strength testing has revealed marked weakness of the major Muscle groups of her Left Leg. A CSF laboratory study revealed the following: normal pressure and Glucose levels, and elevated Protein. A CBC laboratory study was normal. Which of the following most likely represents this patient's diagnosis? A. Meningitis B. Diabetic Polyneuropathy C. Guillain-Barre Syndrome D. Multiple Sclerosis E. Post-Stroke Hemiplegia

D

A 70-year-old Female presents to walk-in medical clinic with constant pain described as burning, aching, and throbbing along the Right side of her Trunk inferior to the Axilla. She reports a clearly demarcated area of the pain that has lasted for 6 weeks. The Case History reveals a recent occurrence of Shingles. Physical Examination reveals the Skin to be intact and slightly pink in color, with no vesicular eruptions present. Which of the following most likely represents this patient's diagnosis? A. Herpes Zoster reactivation B. Trigeminal Neuralgia C. Rib Fracture D. Post-Herpetic Neuralgia

D

Osteoporosis is characterized by: A. a decrease in Bone porosity and a decrease in Bone strength. B. an increase in Bone porosity and an increase in Bone density. C. Bone Formation in excess of Bone Resorption. D. a decrease in Bone density and an increase in Bone porosity. E. a decrease in Bone strength and an increase in Bone density.

D

Which of the following is FALSE regarding Trigeminal Neuralgia? A. It is manifested by Facial Tics or Spasms. B. It is also known as Tic Douloureux. C. The pain can be triggered by eating or light touch. D. It is characterized by paroxysmal attacks of stabling pain in the Motor distribution of the Maxillary Branch or the Mandibular Branch of CN V.

D

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)? A. It is considered to be a mixed Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Disease. B. There is a gradual loss of the ability to initiate movement as the disease progresses. C. There is a considerable loss of Sensory perception from the affected Limbs as the disease progresses. D. A and B are correct. E. A and C are correct.

D

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pain? A. Pain has only a sensory component, but no emotional component. B. Pain serves no useful purpose for the person experiencing actual or potential tissue damage. C. Pain has only an emotional component, but no sensory component. D. The experience of pain is influenced by many factors, thus creating variability in the perception of its intensity. E. Pain is always experienced in the same manner by the body's Nociceptors.

D

A brief episode of Neurologic dysfunction, which results from focal Cerebral Ischemia and is not associated with Infarction, is known as which of the following? A. Transient Ischemic Attack B. Mini-Stroke C. Brain Angina D. A and B are correct. E. A, B, and C are correct.

E

Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A. causes removal of Myelin (demyelination) from Axons in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). B. causes removal of Myelin (demyelination) from Axons in the Central Nervous System (CNS). C. produces a symmetric Flaccid Paralysis. D. affects only the Sensory System. E. A and C are correct.

E

Sharp burning pain that has an abrupt onset, like a paper cut on one's Finger, is an example of: A. Cutaneous Visceral Pain B. Deep Somatic Pain C. Splanchnic Pain D. Deep Visceral Pain E. Cutaneous Somatic Pain

E

The term Nociception refers to: A. Central Nervous System (CNS) Receptors for Endorphins. B. Primary Afferent Nerve Fibers for receiving and transmitting noxious stimuli. C. Pain Receptors in the Somatosensory Cortex. D. Primary Efferent Nerve Fibers for receiving and transmitting noxious stimuli. E. the perception of injurious influences or painful stimuli.

E