Test 4 Review

True or False: In a client experiencing asthma exacerbation, they can get air OUT but it's hard to get air IN

False

Which of the following clients would be at increased risk for developing atherosclerosis? A. 55-year-old female client with high BP B. 30-year-old male client who has family history of heart disease. C. 60-year-old obese male client who smokes 1/2 pack of cigarettes per day. D. 42-year-old female client who has well-controlled diabetes mellitus Type 1.

C. 60-year-old obese male client who smokes 1/2 pack of cigarettes per day

The nurse is caring for a client with tuberculosis. The client asks the nurse why they don't "feel sick". What would be the best response by the nurse? A. "The tuberculosis bacterium is dormant and your immune system is keeping it in check. You do not have active disease." B. "It is rare for someone to not feel sick with latent tuberculosis. You are still contagious to other people." C. "Clients often don't feel sick early in latent tuberculosis but you may start feeling ill in a couple of weeks." D. "Latent tuberculosis is a different disease than active tuberculosis. Only active tuberculosis causes symptoms."

A. "The tuberculosis bacterium is dormant and your immune system is keeping it in check. You do not have active disease"

A client is admitted to the emergency department with shortness of breath, excessive sweating, and nausea. The client states, "It feels like my chest is ripping open!". The nurse prepares for emergency treatment for which of the following conditions? A. Aortic dissection B. Aortic aneurysm C. Venous thrombosis D. Acute arterial occlusion

A. Aortic dissection

When assessing the client's lower extremities, which of the following symptoms would cause the nurse to believe the client has atherosclerotis occlusive disease rather than venous insufficiency? A. Cool lower extremities B. Dark pigmentation C. Edema D. Thickened skin

A. Cool lower extremities

A client arrives on the unit with a diagnosis of cor pulmonale. During the nurse's assessment, which of the following symptoms would NOT be consistent with this diagnosis? A. Crackles in the lungs B. Fatigue C. Arrhythmias D. Peripheral edema

A. Crackles in the lungs

The nurse is caring for a toddler with RSV. Which of the following orders by the health provider would the nurse question as being incorrect? A. give antibiotics as ordered B. give acetaminophen (tylenol) for fever C. give bronchodilator medication as ordered D. Encourage oral fluids

A. Give antibiotics as ordered

The nurse is educating a client about secondary dyslipidemia. Which of the following interventions would NOT be typically included in a standard treatment plan for secondary dyslipidemia? A. Medications to lower LDL B. Dietary changes C. Controlling diabetes mellitus Type 2 D. Weight reduction program

A. Medications to lower LDL

The nurse is caring for a child in the ER who is sitting forward, and has inspiratory stridor. Which of the following would be the priority action by the nurse? A. Obtain supplies for an emergency intubation B. Administer acetaminophen for fever C. Visualized the throat with a tongue depressor D. Lay the child on their back to ease respiratory efforts

A. Obtain supplies for an emergency intubation

A client is at the clinic for an annual physical exam. After walking from the car to the clinic, they developed chest pain and discomfort in the left shoulder and jaw. The pain lasted 2-3 minutes and then subsiding with rest. The clients states that this has occurred frequently over the past few months. The nurse suspects the client is most likely experiencing which of the following? A. Stable angina B. Variant angina C. Myocardial infarction (MI) D. Myocardial infarction (MI)

A. Stable angina

The nurse is preparing to care for a premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome. Which of the following treatments would the nurse prepare? A. Surfactant therapy B. Diuretics C. Bronchodilators D. Antibiotics

A. Surfactant Therapy

The nurse is assessing a White client with Raynaud Disease. Which of the following assessment findings by the nurse would NOT be consistent with this diagnosis? A. Swelling of the fingers and toes B. Stinging pain in the fingers as hands get warmer C. Blanching of the fingers D. Complaints of cold fingers and toes

A. Swelling of the fingers and toes

The nurse is attempting to determine if a client is experiencing hypercapnic respiratory failure of hypoxemic respiratory failure. Which of the following symptoms would indicate the client is in hypercapnic respiratory failure? A. Warm, flushed skin B. Fatigue C. Shortness of breath D. Cyanosis

A. Warm, flushed skin

A client is diagnosed with acute bacterial (typical) pneumonia. Which of the following symptoms may indicate the client is suffering from Legionnaires Disease? A. Malaise and weakness B. CNS and GI disturbances C. Fever and headache D. Dry, hacking cough

B. CNS and GI disturbances

Which of the following would not be a probable cause for a client developing infective endocarditis? A. Prosthetic heart valves B. Closed chest injury C. IV drug use D. Congenital heart disease

B. Closed chest injury

The nurse is determining whether a client has a cold or rhinosinusitis. Which of the following symptoms would lead the nurse to believe the client is experiencing rhinosinusitis? A. Headache B. Facial pain C. Runny nose D. Fever

B. Facial pain

An echocardiogram shows that a client has developed very thick ventricular walls. This client is suspected to have which of the following? A. Restrictive cardiomyopathy B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy C. Cardiac tamponade D. Dilated cardiomyopathy

B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A client presents to the health care provider reporting edema in the lower extremities. Physical exam reveals that she has varicose veins. Upon performing the history, which of the following is a possible cause for the varicose veins: A. Extreme exercise B. Long periods of standing C. Poor diet D. Peripheral artery disease

B. Long periods of standing

A client's echocardiogram reveals backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis documented on the chart? A. Aortic stenosis B. Mitral regurgitation C. Aortic regurgitation D. Mitral stenosis

B. Mitral regurgitation

A pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after admission to the hospital is considered which of the following? A. Atypical pneumonia B. Nosocomial pneumonia C. Typical pneumonia D. Community-acquired pneumonia

B. Nosocomial pneumonia

The nurse is caring for a client with cardiac tamponade. The nurse would continue to monitor for signs of which kind of shock related to the cardiac tamponade? A. Hypovolemic shock B. Obstructive shock C. Cardiogenic shock D. Neurogenic shock

B. Obstructive shock

The nurse is assessing a client with a suspected deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following assessment findings would be consistent with this diagnosis? A. The affected extremity is cool to the touch. B. Throbbing pain in one leg C. The affected extremity is paler than the unaffected extremity D. Diminished hair growth on the affected extremity

B. Throbbing pain in one leg

A client has a history of right-sided heart failure caused by a right ventricular myocardial infarction. Which of the following symptoms are specifically related to right-sided heart failure? A. Cough with frothy sputum B. Dependent edema C. Cyanosis D. Orthopnea

B. dependent edema

The nurse is caring for a client with rheumatic heart disease. Which of the following treatment would the nurse expect to educate the client about? A. Pericardiocentesis B. long-term prophylactic antibiotics C. Pericardiectomy D. NSAIDs

B. long-term prophylactic antibiotics

A number of clients have presented to the Er in the last 32 hours reporting symptoms that may indicate a myocardial infarction. Which client is least likely to have an ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI)? A. 66-year-old man who has presented with fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and cool, moist skin B. 43-year-old man who woke up with substernal pain that is radiating to his neck and jaw. C. 71-year-old man who has moist skin and chest pain when he moves but relieved when at rest. D. 70-year-old woman who is reporting shortness of breath and vague chest discomfort.

C. A 71-year-old man who has moist skin and chest pain when he moves but relieved when at rest

The nurse is educating a client on risk factors for hypertension. Which of the following would be a non modifiable risk factor? A. Type 2 Diabetes B. Sleep Apnea C. Age D. Dyslipidemia

C. Age

A client on the unit has developed pus within the pleural cavity following a lung infection. How would the nurse document this condition? A. Chylothorax B. Pleurisy C. Empyema D. Hemothorax

C. Empyema

The nurse is caring for a client with orthostatic hypotension. The nurse recognizes that orthostatic hypotension can be caused by which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Exposure to cold B. Exercise C. Heart failure D. Prolonged immobility E. Dehydration

C. Heart failure D. Prolonged immobility E. Dehydration

A retired farmer comes to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, fever, and cough. He states he started feeling ill after cleaning out an old chicken house about 3 weeks ago. What would the nurse suspect this client has developed? A. Coccidiomycosis B. Bacterial pneumonia C. Histoplasmosis D. Blastomycosis

C. Histoplasmosis

The nurse is caring for a client with respiratory failure. Diagnostic tests reveal that the client has a high level of arterial CO2. The nurse recognizes that the client is experiencing which of the following conditions? A. Hyperventilation B. Hypoxia C. Hypercapnia D. Hypoxemia

C. Hypercapnia

A client is admitted to the ICU after a bout of severe food poisoning and having vomiting and diarrhea for the past 3 days. The client is cool and clammy. with an elevated heart rate and low blood pressure. The client is lethargic and confused, and keeps asking for water. The nurse suspects the client is going into which type of shock? A. Anaphylactic B. Cardiogenic C. Hypovolemic D. Neurogenic

C. Hypovolemic

The nurse is educating a client with a new diagnosis of asthma. The nurse would state to the client that airway obstruction in asthma is caused by which of the following? A. Alveolar fibrosis and pulmonary edema B. Type II Alveolar cell injury and decreased surfactant C. Mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema D. Collapse of the cartilaginous rings in the bronchi

C. Mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction and airway edema

The nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following treatments would the nurse anticipate? A. IV antibiotics B. Corticosteroids C. Prone positioning D. Chest tube placement

C. Prone positioning

During a client's course of pneumococcal pneumonia, leukocytes and red blood cells leak into the lungs, causing the lung to resemble the liver. This stage of pneumococcal pneumonia is known as which of the following? A. Resolution B. Gray hepatization C. Red hepatization D. Edema

C. Red hepatization

A nurse preceptor is monitoring a new nurse graduate care for a client in anaphylactic shock. The nurse preceptor would intervene if they saw the nurse graduate perform which of the following actions? A. preparing to administer epinephrine. B. Preparing to administer an antihistamine. C. Sitting the client upright in bed. D. Preparing a nasal cannula for oxygen administration.

C. Sitting the client upright in bed.

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has symptoms more consistent with loss of lung elasticity and enlargement of the alveoli. Which of the following would indicate the client has symptoms related to emphysema? A. Peripheral edema B. Wheezing C. Thin D. Cyanotic

C. Thin

Which of the following manifestations is not consistent with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis? A. Diabetes B. Cough with thick sputum C. Weight gain D. Greasy stools

C. Weight gain

Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary embolism (PE) A. 28-year-old woman who had a baby 6 months earlier B. 21-year-old male with hemophilia bleeding disorder C. 36-year-old woman with a history of alcohol abuse who is recovering from a gastric ulcer D. 72-year-old male who is recovering from hip replacement surgery in the hospital

D. 72-year-old male who is recovering from hip replacement surgery in the hospital

A female client is undergoing diagnostic testing for suspected lung cancer. She is visibly upset and states, "I don't know how I would have lung cancer. I've never smoked a day in my life!" Which of the following would the client most likely have? A. Large cell carcinoma B. Squamous cell carcinoma C. Small cell lung cancer D. Adenocarcinoma

D. Adenocarcinoma

A client known to have atherosclerosis is complaining of dizziness, weakness, and "brain fog". The client states they have been having headaches for the past three days. The nurse believes atherosclerosis of the ______________ is the cause of the clients symptoms: A. Renal arteries B. Peripheral arteries C. Coronary arteries D. Carotid arteries

D. Carotid arteries

The nurse is caring for a client following knee-replacement surgery. The nurse plans interventions to prevent atelectasis in the client. Which of the following interventions would the nurse include in the plan of care? A. Have the client remain on bedrest for one week B. Keep body position changes to a minimum to prevent stress on the body C. Administer corticosteroids per health care provider order D. Encourage cough and deep breathing exercises

D. Encourage cough and deep breathing exercises

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of developing hypoxemia? A. Mismatch of ventilation and perfusion B. Inadequate pulmonary circulation C. Impaired gas diffusion D. Hyperventilation

D. Hyperventilation

Which of the following is NOT a component of Virchow's Triad in the development of venous thrombosis? A. Vessel wall injury B. Stasis of blood C. Increased blood coagulability D. Increased HDL cholesterol

D. Increased HDL cholesterol

During a long-term stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, an infant has developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The nurse understand the probable cause for this diagnosis is which of the following? A. Chronic pulmonary infections B. Consolidation of a lung lobe C. Collapse of a portion of the lung D. Long-term ventilation and oxygen use

D. Long-term ventilation and oxygen use

The nurse is caring for a client with large cell carcinoma lung cancer. The nurse understands that this type of lung cancer originates in which area of the lung? A. Neuroendocrine cells of epithelium B. Central bronchi C. Bronchiolar or alveolar glandular tissue D. Periphery of the lung

D. Periphery of the lung

A client present to the emergency department with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left following a motor vehicle accident (MVA). There is massive bruising on the chest, and a large open wound. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Pleuritis B. Spontaneous pneumothorax C. Pleural effusion D. Tension pneumothorax

D. Tension pneumothorax

Following a diagnostic work-up on a client with complaints of chest pain and shortness of breath, it is determined that the client has excessive fluid within the pericardial sac. The nurse recognizes that the probable diagnosis for this client is which of the following? A. Cardiomyopathy B. Constrictive pericarditis C. Acute pericarditis D. Pericardial Effusion

D. pericardial effusion